ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy for managing ureteral calculi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy was used in 168 ureteral calculi (proximal 27 cases, middle 33 cases, distal 108 cases). Transurethral cystoscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy in 12 bladder calculi.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four to six weeks after operation, The stone-free rate was 93% (25/27) in the proximal ureteral calculi, 94% (31/33) in the middle ureteral calculi, 94% (102/108) in the distal ureteral calculi, respectively. The complication rate was 5% (8 cases). the stone-free rate of bladder calculi was 100% (12/12), no complication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy is a highly effective and safe treatment modality for managing ureteral calculi.</p>