ABSTRACT
Background: Renal tumors constitute approximately 3% of all malignancies in adults. They form a heterogenous group with variable morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze the spectrum of adult renal tumors at a tertiary care center and study the demographic and histomorphological features. Materials and Methods: In this study, 55/87 nephrectomy specimens resected for adult renal tumors during a 1-year period were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 4 benign (7.2%) and 51 (92.7%) malignant tumors. There was a male preponderance with a male: female ratio of 3.42:1. The tumors were seen to occur equally in both kidneys. The most common tumor was clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the conventional type accounting for 65.5% of our study group. There were one each of multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential, papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, Mit family RCC, oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma and two clear cell papillary RCC during this 1-year period. Uncommon tumors included neuroendocrine carcinoma (1), epithelioid angiomyolipoma (1), mixed epithelial stromal tumor (1), Ewings sarcoma (2), and glomangioma (1). Five cases of urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis/ureter also were present. Conclusion: This article gives an overview of the spectrum of adult renal tumors at a tertiary care center with an in-depth literature review providing recent advances in each category of tumors.
ABSTRACT
Background: Lateral pterygoid muscle plays an important role in the mandibular movements and dynamics of temporomandibualr joint. Anterior displacement of the disc and temporomandibular dysfunction has been related to the insertion of upper head of LPM in the TMJ disc. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted on forty specimens from formalin fixed cadavers in the department of Anatomy , BMCRI, Bangalore. Results and Discussion: In 72.5% of cases the upper head of LPM insert to the disc and blend with the capsule and lower head inserts to the inferior aspect of the disc, to the capsule and the condyle of mandible. Conclusion: Though there is no clear demarcation between the heads of LPM majority of the upper fibers insert to the disc and to the capsule.
ABSTRACT
Five cultures isolated from soil samples collected in Schirmacher oasis, Antarctica, have been identified as members of the family Micrococcaceae, with 3 belonging to the genus Micrococcus and two to Planococcus. The 3 Micrococcus isolates (37R, 45R and 49R) were red-pigmented and h a d ~ 75 mol% G + C in their DNA; they were identified as Micrococcus roseus. The two Planococcus isolates (30Y and Lz3OR) were yellow and orange in colour, and had 43·5 and 40·9 mol % G + C in their DNA respectively; they were identified as Planococcus sp.
ABSTRACT
An earlier model in which uptake of essential nutrients for which the cell is auxotrophic, regulates cell division, is discussed in the light of new experimental findings, specifically the purification of a new type of transport-inhibitory protein from rat liver and the properties of the protein. The possible role of such proteins in malignant transformation is also discussed.