ABSTRACT
Ascites is defined as an excess of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. Causes of ascites may be classified into two pathophysiologic categories: associated with the normal peritoneum and occur due to a diseased peritoneum. Ascites is clinically apparent when the patient presents either symptomatically with abdominal distension, thus leading to further testing, or asymptomatically when radiological imaging shows unexpected peritoneal fluid accumulation. The serum ascites-albumin gradient (SAAG) and total protein levels from ascitic fluid are useful to distinguish the etiology of ascites.We report a case of a 30-years-old man with shortness of breath, the stomach has been getting bigger, nausea, and cough which was subsequently diagnosed with cirrhosis-related ascites accompanied with right heart failure and pulmonary tuberculosis.
ABSTRACT
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is systemic immune reactions (type IV hypersensitivity) that are usually present by blistering and erosions of skin and mucous membranes with involvement of multiple organ systems. The incidence of SJS is rare, with the common comorbidities are diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, hypertension, and stroke. This condition is associated with systemic proinflammatory state. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of blood glucose due to glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, and impaired insulin secretion. Nowadays, pathogenesis of diabetes is considered to be dysregulation of immune factors that are recognized as important etiological components in the development of insulin resistance. We report a case of a 30-years-old man with fever and sore throat, who had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and used carbamazepine and amitriptyline for diabetic neuropathy, then followed by redness and blistering on his lips, palates, face, and trunk which subsequently diagnosed with SJS.