ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the relationships among social adaptation, physical exercise, and mental health of adolescents, so as to provide theoretical basis for social adaptation and mental health improvement.@*Methods@#Longitudinal follow up survey data were collected from 1 163 adolescents in Jinan City, Shandong Province in September 2021 (T1), January 2022 (T2), and June 2022 (T3) by cluster random sampling method. The relationship between social adaptability, physical exercise, and mental health of adolescents was analyzed through cross lagged analysis.@*Results@#There were significant sex differences in physical exercise and mental health among adolescents on T1, T2, and T3 ( Z =-3.83, -3.43, -4.59; -12.45, -8.93, -8.72, P <0.01), with male students had more physical exercise [35(28,42),36(33,42),38(35,43)] and better mental health [12(12,17),17(17,21),14(14,26)] levels than female students [33(27,40),35(31,40),36(33,41); 9(9,12),12(12,23),12(12,23)]. No similar sex difference in social adaptability (T1, T2, T3) [male: 22 (14, 24), 22 (14, 24), 22 (16, 24); female: 21 (11, 23), 20 (14, 24), 22 (17, 24)] ( Z =-0.79, -1.19, -1.34, P >0.05). Temporal and synchronous correlations were found in social adaptability, physical exercise and mental health ( r =0.18-0.67，0.12-0.68, P <0.01). Teenager physical exercise and mental health could predict social adaptability across time ( β T1-T2 =0.25,0.13; β T2-T3 =0.25,0.06, P <0.05), with a mediating effect on the impact path of physical exercise on social adaptability in psychological health ( β =0.14, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is a causal relationship between physical exercise, mental health, and social adaptability among adolescents. Encouraging adolescents to actively participate in physical exercise and promoting mental health can effectively enhance their social adaptability.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan during 2019 to 2022, so as to provide reference for primary and secondary school students physical health promotion.@*Methods@#From 2019 to 2022，16 496 primary and junior middle school students will be selected from Jinan by cluster random sampling method, the comprehensive scores of physical health for each year were calculated according to the National Student Physical Health Standards (revised in 2014), and changes in physical health were analyzed using t-tests, univariate analysis, analysis of covariance and χ 2 tests.@*Results@#The students physical health scores ranged from high to low in 2022（80.78±12.63），2021（79.12±12.72），2019 （75.17±2.03）and 2020（73.82±12.63）. During 2019 to 2022, the overall physical health score of female students were higher than that of male students ( F=105.39, 288.29, 197.90, 159.36, P <0.01). The differences in the comprehensive physical and health scores of male and female students in different grades from 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant ( F=34.22, 34.96, 20.33, 45.08 , 13.56, 18.29, 24.86, 30.01, P <0.01). The individual indicators showed varying degrees of decline in 2020. Except for body mass index (BMI), the fluctuations in lung s capacity, run 50 meters, sit forward, standing long jump, 1 minute sit-ups, pull-up, endurance running, 1 minute skipping rope during 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant (primary school: F =127.58, 44.80, 223.64, 76.66, 10.69, 296.79, secondary school: F =189.31, 52.10, 63.12, 61.49, 7.34, 8.10, 50.94 , P <0.01). The detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students from 2019 to 2022 were 30.09 %, 31.45%, 30.14 %, and 30.60%, respectively ( χ 2=2.26, P >0.05). From 2019 to 2022, the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school boys were 34.56 %, 34.66%, 32.14%, 33.73%, 37.41%, 43.53%, 41.36 %, 39.16%, respectively, and the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school girls were 24.66%, 24.39%, 24.61%, 24.65%, 23.82%, 28.74%, 26.99 %, 27.95%, respectively, none of which were statistically significant ( χ 2=2.93, 4.29 , 0.04, 3.12, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#During 2019 to 2022, there are no significant changes in physical health indicators among primary and secondary school students in Jinan, and the overall level of physical health recovered rapidly after a slight decline due to the COVID-19 epidemic.