Effect of extract of livistona chinensis on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells and its related mechanisms / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To study the effect of extract of livistona chinensis on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells and the related mechanism.Methods:T24 cells were cultured in medium with the final concentration of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L livistona chinensis extract, respectively. And then they were divided into control group and low, medium and high dose groups. The cell survival rate was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8). Colony formation assay was used to detect the number of cell clones. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins. The Syk overexpression vector plasmid and its negative control were transfected into T24 cells. After transfection, the cells were treated with 100 mg/L livistona chinensis. The cell survival rate, colony formation number and apoptosis rate were detected by the above method. The bladder cancer model nude mice were treated with different concentrations of livistona chinensis extract. Under the microscope, the expression of protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining of bladder tissue.Results:Compared with the control group, the survival rate of T24 cells in the low, medium and high dose livistona chinensis extract groups were significantly decreased [(88.50±3.65)%, (70.58±2.47)%, (48.90±2.37)% vs. (98. 25±4.26)%], and the number of clone formation decreased significantly [(101. 33±3.40), (84.00±2.94), (60.00±2.16) vs. (121.33±4.64) ], and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased [(11.45± 0.59)%, (17.71±0.64)%, (21.33±0.83)% vs. (7. 86±0.43)%]. The expression level of Ki-67 protein was significantly decreased, while the expression levels of Caspase3 and Syk protein were significantly increased in a concentration dependent manner ( P < 0.05). The cell survival rate of pcDNA3.1-Syk group was significantly lower than that of pcDNA3.1 group [(63.87±2.53)% vs. (98. 45±3.54)%], the number of clone formation decreased significantly [(74. 33±2.87) vs. (121.33±3.68)], and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased [(18.39±0.63)% vs. (7.89± 0.45)%] (all P<0.05). The cell survival rate in the high-dose group of livistona chinensis+ pcDNA3.1-Syk was significantly lower than that in the high-dose group of livistona chinenisi+ pcDNA3.1 group [ (29.80±1.63)% vs.(49.33±2.76)% ], the number of clone formation decreased significantly [(33.00±2.94) vs. (59.67±3.30) ], and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased [(26.93±0.68)% vs. (21.25±0.78)% ]( P<0.05). The experimental results of nude mice of bladder cancer model showed that the tumor volume of transplanted bladder cancer nude mice in the control group and the low, medium, and high dose livistona chinensis extract groups were (1 209.75±64.37), (1 006.31±40.49), (530.58±42.87), (267.58±16.73)mm 3, respectively, the weight of the transplanted tumor were (0.36±0.08), (0.30±0.04), (0.26±0.03), (0.18±0.06)g, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of Sky and Caspase3 was increased and the expression of Ki-67 was decreased in the middle and high dose groups compared with that in the control group. Conclusion:Extract of livistona chinensis can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by up regulating Syk expression.

Mechanism of Dendrobium huoshanense in Treatment of Gastric Ulcer： Based on Network Pharmacology and in Vivo Experiment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Dendrobium huoshanense in the treatment of gastric ulcer （GU） based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiment. MethodThe active components of D. huoshanense were searched from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and literature， and the targets of the components were screened from TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction. GU-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， and DisGeNET. Thereby， the common targets of the disease and the medicinal were yielded and the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed， followed by Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment. According to the predicted results， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， immunohistochemistry， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， Western blot， and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to validate the effects of D. huoshanense on acetic acid-induced GU in rats. ResultA total of 63 active components of D. huoshanense and 37 target genes of D. huoshanense for the treatment of GU were screened out. PPI network analysis yielded several possible core anti-GU targets of D. huoshanense. They influenced the development of GU by acting on signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， hypoxia inducible factor-1 （HIF-1）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， and various biological processes. The in vivo experiment showed that D. huoshanense significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and TNF-α in the serum of model rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased gastric blood flow （GBF） at the ulcer margin， raised the expression of epidermal growth factor （EGF） and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） at the ulcer margin （P<0.01）， significantly down-regulated protein and mRNA expression of PI3K and Akt， and up-regulated protein and mRNA expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN） in the gastric tissues of GU rats （P<0.01）. ConclusionThrough regulating EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， D. huoshanense can inhibit tissue inflammation， increase gastric microcirculatory blood flow at the ulcer margin， and promote cell proliferation and repair of damaged gastric mucosa.

Posttranslational Modifications of PD-L1 and Its Prospect Application in Immunotherapy / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 ) is an immunosuppressive ligand which mainly expressed on tumor cells, inhibiting the activation of T lymphocytes through binding with PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), thus leading to immune escape.PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which established based on the above mechanism, gained success in the clinical treatment of solid tumors.Various kinds of PD-L1 posttranslational modifications were identified following the in-depth studies of PD-L1, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, palmitoylation, et al.Meanwhile, multiple studies indicated that posttranslational modifications governs PD-LI-mediated immune escape through regulating the protein stability and physiological functions of PD-L1, which makes posttranslational modifications of PD-L1 turns into a new "entry" point of PD-L1 studies.Drugs targeting posttranslational modifications of PD-L1 exhibited favorable applicational prospects in immunotherapy at the same time.Regulating PD-L1-mediated immune escape through intervening PD-L1 posttranslational modifications becomes a new strategy for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.In this review, we summarized the posttranslational modifications of PD-L1 and its applicational prospects in immunotherapy, hoping to provide theoretical supports for future studies focused on PD-L1.

Arthroscopic double-row bridging suture versus minimally invasive locking plate system in treatment of avulsion fracture of humeral greater tuberosity / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To compare arthroscopic double-row bridging suture and minimally invasive locking plate system in the treatment of simple avulsion fracture of humeral greater tuberosity.Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the 93 patients with avulsion fracture of humeral greater tuberosity who had been treated at Orthopaedic Center,Beijing Luhe Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016.Of them,38 were treated by arthroscopic double-row bridging suture (ADRB) and 55 by open reduction and internal fixation with minimally invasive locking plate system (MIPS).Regular X-ray follow-ups were carried out at 3,6 and 12 months postoperatively and every 6 months afterwards.Surgical time,range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score,Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and complications were recorded preoperatively and at the last follow-up.Results The patients of the arthroscopy and plate groups were comparable because there were no significant differences in the preoperative general data between them (P ＞ 0.05).The average follow-up time for the 93 patients was 35.9months (from 12 to 60 months).The operation time for the arthroscopy group (97.0 ± 20.1 min) was significantly longer than that for the plate group (67.5 ± 19.0 min) (P ＜ 0.05).At the last follow-up,anteflexion lift (152.6° ± 12.9°),abduction lift (154.0° ± 13.5°) and internal rotation angle at 90° (57.7° ±12.2°) in the arthroscopy group were significantly better than those in the plate group (134.9° ± 17.8°,129.5° ± 18.6° and 50.8° ± 12.9°,respectively) (P ＜ 0.05).At the last follow-up,the ASES scores for the arthroscopy and plate groups were 88.5 ± 7.6 and 85.1 ± 11.3,respectively,showing no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);the VAS scores for the 2 groups were 1.5 ± 1.2 and 2.2 ± 1.5 respectively,showing a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the2 groups in improvement of ASES scores (P ＞ 0.05).Ninety fractures healed after 3 months while 3 fractures in the arthroscopy group did after 6 months.In the plate group,7 patients developed shoulder stiffness 3 to 6 months after surgery and 3 ones reported pain during abduction.Conclusions Both ADRB and MIPS are an effective treatment for simple avulsion fracture of humeral greater tuberosity.MIPS fixation needs shorter surgical time while ADRB leads to better postoperative shoulder ROM.

Identification of Chrysanthemum indicum and its adulterants based on ITS2 barcode / 中国中药杂志

DNA barcode technology was used to establish a rapid identification method of Chrysanthemum indicum based on ITS2 sequences. The total DNA was extracted from 22 collected samples,and the ITS2 sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced,and the information of ITS2 sequence was obtained. Another 14 items of the same family or the same genus were downloaded from Gen Bank.We aligned all 36 sequences,calculated the intraspecific and interspecific distances,and constructed Neighbor Joining( NJ) phylogenetic tree,using MEGA 7. 0. The difference of the secondary structure between the ITS2 sequences was compared. The results showed that the genetic distance of Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium was overlapped,but the maximum intraspecific distance was far less than the minimum interspecific distance between and among Ch. indicum and other species,with an obvious barcoding gap. The NJ tree showed that Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium shared a clade,and most of Ch. morifolium with some Ch. indicum were shared a subclade,while Inula lineariifolia,Sinosenecio oldhamianus and Senecio scandens belonged to one clade separately. ITS2 secondary structures for I. lineariifolia,S. oldhamianus and S. scandens were significantly different enough to identify completely but Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium shared two secondary structures of A and B. It was proved that Ch. indicum was one of the evolutionary sources of Ch.morifolium. Therefore ITS2 sequence as DNA barcode can identify Ch. indicum and its adulterants accurately and quickly. The study provides an important basis for Ch. indicum for the identification of germplasm resources and the safety of clinical medication.

Research on XOD captured components in Lagotis brevituba based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and molecular docking technology / 中国中药杂志

Potential xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors in Lagotis brevituba were captured by using affinity and ultrafiltration. The structures of the captured components were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-TOF mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The binding intensity and binding mechanism between the captured components and XOD were analyzed by using molecular docking software Autodock 4.2. A total of 17 compounds were identified, including 9 flavonoids, 5 phenolic acids and 3 triterpenes. Molecular docking results showed that all the captured components could be spontaneously bound with XOD mainly via hydrogen bond, Van der Waals' force and hydrophobic interaction. From the perspective of binding energy and scoring function, the collected fractions all had potential prospects for XOD inhibitors, and the flavonoid luteolin-3',7 glucuronide had the best effect. The results also showed that affinity and ultrafiltration, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and molecular docking technology can provide a powerful tool for the analysis of XOD inhibitor components in natural products.

Hypoxia promotes the growth and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells by down-regulating miR-132 in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the expression of miR-132 in prostate cancer and its effects on the growth and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells and the influence of hypoxia on the level of miR-132 and biological behavior of prostate cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Real time PCR was used to measure the expression level of miR-132 in the prostate cancer tissue, analyze its relationship with the clinical stage and Gleason score of prostate cancer, and determine the influence of hypoxia on the miR-132 level in the human prostate cancer PC3 cell line in vitro. Sulfor-hodamine B chromatometry and Matrigel invasion assay were employed to detect the effects of hypoxia and miR-132 mimic plasmid transfection on the viability and invasiveness of PC3 cells in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The miR-132 level in the prostate cancer was significantly declined to 52.38% (in T1－T2 stages) and 21.59% (in T3－T4 stages) of that in the cancer-adjacent tissue (both P<0.01). In hypoxia, the expression of miR-132 was significantly decreased in the PC3 cells (P<0.01). After 48 and 72 hours of transfection with miR-132 mimic plasmid, the viability of the PC3 cells was markedly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and their invasiveness decreased by 57.5% after 48 hours (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the viability or invasiveness of the PC3 cells transfected with miR-132 mimic plasmid between normoxia and hypoxia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The reduced expression of miR-132 is closely related to the clinical stage and Gleason score of prostate cancer. Hypoxia increases the viability and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells in vitro by down-regulating the expression of miR-132 and consequently may promote the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer.</p>

Diagnostic value of ultrasound elastography in prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Ultrasound elastography, as a new imaging technique to obtain information about tissue elasticity, can directly or indirectly reflect the differences of the inner elastic modulus and other mechanical properties in the tissue, and thus clearly display and position pathological changes and identify lesions. With its rapid development and wide application to clinical practice, ultrasound elastography has become a hot research topic. However, reports are rarely seen at home and abroad about the application of ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This paper introduces the principles and recent development of ultrasound elastography, its application in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and the trend of research on its diagnostic value.

Cost-effectiveness analysis on the once-in-a-lifetime cervical cancer screening program for women living in rural and urban areas of China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the cost-effectiveness of once-in-a-lifetime cervical cancer screening program and to predict the optimal modality for its operation on women living in rural and urban areas of China, based on Markov modeling and simulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three modalities including visual inspection with acetic acid plus Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI), conventional Pap Smear (Pap Smear), and simple HPV DNA testing (careHPV) were hypothesized for the rural cohort, whereas other five modalities including Pap Smear, liquid-based cytology (LBC), simple HPV DNA testing (careHPV), Hybrid Capture 2 HPV DNA testing (HC2), and LBC plus HC2 (LBC + HC2) were tested for the urban cohort. A Markov model was constructed based on the factors as natural history, screening, diagnosis and treatment on cervical cancer using data related to the epidemics and the costs from rural and urban areas of the country. Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness were predicted through simulation of the model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the non-screening scenario, the amount of life years saved were 277.97 - 2727.53 and 134.02 - 1446.84 years per 100 000 women, respectively, for different cohorts in rural and urban areas. The cost-effectiveness ratios were 1520.99 - 2453.74 and 3847.35 - 44 570.35 RMB per life year saved, respectively, for different cohorts in rural and urban areas. The incremental cost-effective ratio for careHPV starting from 40 years old (careHPV@40) and careHPV from 30 years old (careHPV@30) dominated other strategies for the rural cohort, while careHPV@40, careHPV@30, HC2 from 30 years old (HC2@30), and LBC + HC2 from 30 years old (LBC + HC2@30) were dominant for the urban cohort.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All eight once-in-a-lifetime cervical cancer screening modalities were cost-effective based on our model. In particular, careHPV screening starting from 40 years old seemed to be the most cost-effective one for women living in both rural and urban areas.</p>

Report of 3162 cases of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and review / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for patients with symptomatic enlarged prostate after 11 years of experience.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 3162 evaluable patients treated with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate at our institution between August 2001 and August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Study variables included International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, maximum urinary flow rate, and incidence of complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HoLEP were performed successfully completed, not patients which occurs as electric cutting syndrome. The operation time was (60.8 ± 18.4) minutes; average resection of prostate quality was (45.4 ± 24.4) g. The hemoglobin reduce though surgery was (1.81 ± 0.93) g/L; percentage of red blood cell change was 1.24% ± 0.43%, and sodium blood drop was (1.14 ± 0.35) mmol/L. Postoperative patients of hospital stay (3.1 ± 1.1) days, average time of indwelling catheter time was (2.3 ± 0.8) days. Patients were followed up for 6-131 months time, an average of 32.4 months. Postoperative patients with international prostate symptom score progressive declined. The quality of life score was 2.2 ± 1.7, and it less than preoperative (5.7 ± 3.3, t = 2.447, P < 0.01). The time of follow-up droped further, and postoperative comparative differences have statistical significance (t = 2.179, 2.228, 2.306 and 2.365, P < 0.05). The maximum urinary flow rate also improved (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications included bladder neck contracture (4 cases), urinary tract infection (107 cases), urethral stricture (11 cases) and urinary incontinence (11 cases). The 11 patients reoperation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HoLEP treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia could achieve the advantages of open surgery the same effect. It had fewer damage, faster recovery, fewer complications, and is a good treatment option.</p>

Effects of valsartan combined with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide regimen on blood pressure variation in elderly hypertensive patients / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects of valsartan combined with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide regimen on blood pressure variation and plasma nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) in elderly hypertensive patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 61 elderly patients with grade 2 or 3 hypertension were randomized into valsartan + amlodipine (the amlodipine group, n = 31) or valsartan + hydrochlorothiazide (the hydrochlorothiazide group, n = 30) group. Blood lipids, fasting plasma glucose and uric acid were determined before the treatment. 24-hour dynamic blood pressure, NO and ET were monitored at baseline, 8 and 16 weeks after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>24 hours blood pressure and daytime blood pressure were similar between two groups at all 3 time points. At 16 weeks, morning systolic blood pressure surge was significantly lower in amlodipine group than in hydrochlorothiazide group [(22.6 ± 8.8) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (26.3 ± 13.7) mm Hg, P < 0.05]. 24 hours systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) decreased progressively in both groups [the amlodipine group: (12.5 ± 2.8) mm Hg vs. (10.2 ± 2.2) mm Hg vs. (8.8 ± 1.6) mm Hg, P < 0.01; the hydrochlorothiazide group: (12.5 ± 2.5) mm Hg vs. (10.7 ± 2.2) mm Hg vs. (9.6 ± 2.0) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. Daytime SBPV also decreased progressively in both groups [the amlodipine group: (12.2 ± 3.0) mm Hg vs. (10.1 ± 2.3) mm Hg vs. (8.4 ± 1.9) mm Hg, P < 0.01; the hydrochlorothiazide group: (11.8 ± 2.7) mm Hg vs. (10.4 ± 1.9) mm Hg vs. (9.6 ± 2.2) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. 24 hours diastolic blood pressure variability (DBPV) was significantly reduced post therapy in the amlodipine group [(15.5 ± 3.4) mm Hg vs. (13.0 ± 3.5) mm Hg vs. (12.3 ± 2.5), P < 0.01] but not in the hydrochlorothiazide group. NO increased progressively [(27.3 ± 13.6) µmol/L vs. (47.2 ± 16.3) µmol/L vs. (69.5 ± 18.9) µmol/L in the amlodipine group, P < 0.01; (33.5 ± 13.9) µmol/L vs. (49.7 ± 21.9) µmol/L vs. (66.7 ± 24.7) µmol/L in the hydrochlorothiazide group, P < 0.01] and ET decreased progressively [(45.3 ± 8.0) ng/L vs. (37.4 ± 3.9) ng/L vs. (34.2 ± 4.4) ng/L in the amlodipine group, P < 0.01; (46.6 ± 10.4) ng/L vs. (37.0 ± 5.4) ng/L vs. (36.1 ± 8.2) ng/L in the hydrochlorothiazide group, P < 0.01] in both groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Valsartan in combination with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide can both effectively lower BPV in elderly hypertensive patients and improve the vascular endothelial function and the former regimen is more suitable for elderly hypertensive patients.</p>

Pregabalin attenuates docetaxel-induced neuropathy in rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is a serious clinical problem for patients receiving cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential efficacy of pregabalin in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in rats. A total of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1, naive control; group 2, treated with pregabalin (30 mg/kg p.o., for 8 days); group 3, docetaxel was given by single intravenous infusion at 10 mg/kg; groups 4 and 5, pregabalin at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively was orally administered for 8 days after the docetaxel treatment. On day 8, behavioral test was performed, and substance P and CGRP release in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sciatic nerve were analyzed by electron microscope. Our results showed that docetaxel induced mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, heat hypoalgesia, cold allodynia, and sciatic nerve impairment and substance P and CGRP release in DRG. However, oral administration of pregabalin (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive days significantly attenuated docetaxel-induced neuropathy by ameliorating heat hypoalgesia, cold allodynia, impairment of sciatic nerve and reducing the release of substance P and CGRP. The findings in the present study reveal that pregabalin may be a potential treatment agent against chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.

Effectiveness and health economic analysis of strategies on cervical cancer screening and early diagnosis and treatment / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the appropriate strategies which are suitable for the areas with diverse health and economic resource settings in China by estimating the life outcomes and cost-effectiveness of several cervical cancer screening strategies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Markov model was used to calculate the long-term effectiveness, utility, benefit and cost among screened and unscreened cohorts in rural and urban areas, and then analyses of cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and cost-benefit were performed. The assessed screening strategies were acetic acid of visual inspection combined with Lugol's iodine staining (VIA/VILI), conventional Pap smear and simple HPV DNA testing (careHPV) in rural areas, and conventional Pap smear, simple HPV DNA testing (careHPV), HPV DNA testing (HC2) and liquid-based cytology (LBC) alone or combined with HPV DNA testing (LBC+HC2) in urban areas. We estimated the life outcomes and cost-effectiveness of the above screening strategies at one-year, 3-year and 5-year intervals.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the screening strategies were effective to decrease cervical cancer mortality and to increase life years, with a trend of shorter screening interval having better effectiveness. However, no matter in urban or rural areas, compared with careHPV testing at 5-year interval, the costs of other screening strategies were 1.28 - 13.86 folds, 1.31 - 14.14 folds, and 1.27 - 12.80 folds higher to avoid one death, to save a year of life, and a QALY, and the benefit per cost of other screening strategies was 9.9%-90.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>careHPV testing at 5-year interval has the best cost-effectiveness performance and the highest benefit-cost ratio with the moderate life outcomes. It is the optimal cervical cancer screening strategy to be generalized in our country. careHPV testing at 3 years interval can be considered in more developed areas to achieve better effectiveness.</p>

Pregabalin attenuates docetaxel-induced neuropathy in rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is a serious clinical problem for patients receiving cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential efficacy of pregabalin in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in rats. A total of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1, naive control; group 2, treated with pregabalin (30 mg/kg p.o., for 8 days); group 3, docetaxel was given by single intravenous infusion at 10 mg/kg; groups 4 and 5, pregabalin at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively was orally administered for 8 days after the docetaxel treatment. On day 8, behavioral test was performed, and substance P and CGRP release in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sciatic nerve were analyzed by electron microscope. Our results showed that docetaxel induced mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, heat hypoalgesia, cold allodynia, and sciatic nerve impairment and substance P and CGRP release in DRG. However, oral administration of pregabalin (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive days significantly attenuated docetaxel-induced neuropathy by ameliorating heat hypoalgesia, cold allodynia, impairment of sciatic nerve and reducing the release of substance P and CGRP. The findings in the present study reveal that pregabalin may be a potential treatment agent against chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.

Effect of pinellia extract on HeLa cell line in vitro and associated mechanism / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Pinellia extract (PE) on HeLa cell line and to study its associated mechanisms, in order to provide theoretical foundations for its applying in clinical prevention and treatment of cervical disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HeLa cell line was incubated in media containing different concentrations of PE. Growth of cells was observed and photo-generated with inverted phase microscope; cell activity was detected by MTT assay; cell apoptosis detected by flow cytometry, protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immuno-cytochemistry, and protein expression of Bcl-2 was determined by immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PE showed obvious inhibition on the proliferation of HeLa cells, cell apoptosis appeared after PE treatment in a time and dose dependent manner; PCNA and Bcl-2 protein expressions reduced significantly after being effected by PE for 24 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PE can obviously inhibit the growth and induce the apoptosis of HeLa cells, and its mechanism is possibly realized through down-regulating the expressions of PCNA and Bcl-2. The study set a primary experimental base for further studying the action mechanism of PE and developing new anti-tumor agents.</p>

Prelimary exploration on Chinese medicine syndrome type distribution in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the Chinese medicine syndrome type distribution in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its relationship with sexual hormones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chinese medicine syndrome types of 212 PCOS patients were differentiated and sorted by adopting fuzzy mean C clustering method, and their relationship with the indices of sexual hormones detected on the 3rd to 5th day of menstrual cycle was analyzed, with the values got from 20 healthy women for controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intermingling syndromes were commonly seen in PCOS patients. Shen-deficiency syndrome (presented in 64 patients) and Gan-qi stagnancy syndrome (61 patients) were the dominance, accounting for 30.2% and 28.8% respectively, significantly higher than that of other syndromes (P < 0.05), which were Pi-deficiency syndrome (41 patients, 19.3%), phlegm-dampness syndrome (33 patients, 15.6%) and blood stasis syndrome (13 patients, 6.1%). Levels of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), luteinzing hormone (LH), dehydroiso-androsterone (DHEA-S) and prolactin (PRL) were higher, while the level of sexual hormone binding protein (SHBG) was lower in PCOS patients than those in control, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) level in patients of Shen-deficiency syndrome and phlegm-dampness syndrome was high than that in control (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found in comparing the various sexual endocrinal indices between patients with different syndrome types (P > 0.05). Besides, the level of PRL was positively correlated with LH and E2 levels in patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chinese medicine syndromes presented in patients with PCOS are mostly intermingling, Shen-deficiency and Gan-stagnancy are the basic syndromes, and there is some correlation between syndrome type and sexual hormone levels.</p>

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate / 中华男科学杂志

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), as a new hi-tech introduced from abroad, may bring about exactly the same results as open surgery, and is even superior to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), especially in handling the front prostate, with its advantages of minimal invasiveness, better safety, shorter operation time, less blood loss, and quicker recovery, which can be achieved through peeling off the prostate alongside the external sphincter and getting it removed in three parts or as a whole. So far, the author has accomplished more than 3 000 surgeries using this technique, without any serious complications. Any patient that can accept anesthesia and endoscopic surgery can be treated by HoLEP. This article presents an overview of the methods, skills and key points of HoLEP, gives a comprehensive analysis of HoLEP based on the anatomic features of the internal and external prostate, and offers a detailed introduction of the requirements of the operator, criteria for the accomplishment of the operation, and prevention and management of surgical damages.

Non-fusion without decompression for surgical treatment of unstable AO type A thoracolumbar fractures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To discuss the role of non-fusion without decompression in surgical treatment of unstable AO type A thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 42 patients with AO type A thoracolumbar fractures (T11-L2) treated with short segment pedicle screw fixation from February 2004 to February 2008. Patients were divided into two groups, ie, Croup A (treated with short segmental pedicle screw fixation without decompression or fusion) and Group B (treated with short segmental pedicle screw fixation without decompression but with fusion). The pre-operative, postoperative and follow-up local kyphotic angle, vertebrae compression rate were compared between two groups. Results In Croup A, average local kyphotic angle and average vertebrae compression rate were 19.1° (15. 4°-29. 8°) and 46% (30%-63%) respectively before operation, but 5. 0° (0. 3°-10.3°) and 10% (0-28%) respectively after operation. Twenty-one patients were followed up for average 21.2 months (12-46 months), which showed average local kyphotic angle of 7° (1.8°-10.7°) and average vertebrae compression rate of 10% (2% -22%) at final follow-up. In Croup B, average local kyphotic angle and average vertebrae compression rate were 25.8° (15.9°-34.5°) and 55% (30%-76%) respectively before operation, but 7.1° (1.5°-19. 1°) and 15% (0-28%) respectively after operation. Fifteen patients were followed up for mean 17.9 months (12-31 months) , which showed mean local kyphotic angle of 8.3° (0.7°-19.2°) and average vertebrae compression rate of 15% (l%-26%) at final follow-up. There was no pseudarthrosis, implant breakage, pedicle screw pull-out or severe back pain. There was statistical difference in local kyphotic angle and vertebrae compression rate between two groups.Conclusion Unstable AO type A thoracolumbar fractures with minor neurological deficit can be treated with pedicle screw fixation only without decompression or fusion.

Retaining time of tympanic ventilation tube and aural complications / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the relationship of retaining time of tympanic ventilation tube and aural complications.@*METHOD@#Three-hundred-five patients(659 ears)with otitis media with effusion (OME) received tympanostomy tube insertion. The tube were removed 6-36 months after tube insertion. Then aural complications were recorded in different tube retaining time, followed with a statistic analysis.@*RESULT@#Fifty-five tubes of 29 patients were removed at 1-6 months after tube insertion, with spontaneous extrusion 3.4%, blocked tube 10.3%, intrusion into the middle ear 0, granulation tissue 0, cholesteatoma 0, otorrhea 6.9%, perforation 0. One hundred and ninety tubes of 96 patients were removed at 6-12 months after tube insertion , with spontaneous extrusion 7.3%, blocked tube 15.6%, intrusion into the middle ear 1%, granulation tissue 0, cholesteatoma 0, otorrhea 5.2%, perforation 0. Three hundred and eight tubes of 156 patients were removed at 12-24 months after tube insertion, with spontaneous extrusion 9%, blocked tube 12.8%, intrusion into the middle ear 1.3%, granulation tissue 1. 9%, cholesteatoma 0.6%, otorrhea 2.5%, perforation was 0. One hundred and sixty one tubes of 83 patients were removed at 24-36 months after tube insertion, with spontaneous extrusion 36.1%, blocked tube 53%, intrusion into the middle ear 6%, granulation tissue 3.6%, cholesteatoma 2.4%, otorrhea 2.4%, perforation 2.4%.@*CONCLUSION@#The occurrence of complication didn't increase with time going by when the ventilation tube retained less than two years. However, when the ventilation tube retained more than two years, the occurrence of spontaneous extrusion and blocked tube increased obviously.

Retaining time of tympanic ventilation tube and aural complications / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To study the relationship of retaining time of tympanic ventilation tube and aural complications. Method:Three-hundred-five patients(659 ears)with otitis media with effusion(OME)received tympanostomy tube insertion. The tube were removed 6-36 months after tube insertion. Then aural complications were recorded in different tube retaining time, followed with a statistic analysis. Result: Fifty-five tubes of 29 patients were removed at 1-6 months after tube insertion, with spontaneous extrusion 3.4%, blocked tube 10. 3%, intrusion into the middle ear O, granulation 'tissue O, cholesteatoma O, otorrhea 6.9%, perforation O. One hundred and ninty tubes of 96 patients were removed at 6-12 months after tube insertion,with spontaneous extrusion 7. 3%,blocked tube 15.6%, intrusion into the middle ear 1%, granulation tissue O, cholesteatoma O, otorrhea 5.2%,perforation O. Three huandred and eight tubes of 156 patients were removed at 12-24 months after tube insertion, with spontaneous extrusion 9%,blocked tube 12.8% ,intrusion into the middle ear 1.3%,granulation tissue 1.9% ,cholesteatoma 0.6%,otorrhea 2.5%,perforation was O. One hundred and sixty one tubes of 83 patients were removed at 24-36 months after tube insertion, with spontaneous extrusion 36.1%, blocked tube 53%, intrusion into the middle ear 6%, granulation tissue 3. 6%, cholesteatoma 2.4%, otorrhea 2.4%, perforation 2.4%. Conclusion:The occurrence of complication didn't increase with time going by when the ventilation tube retained less than two years. However, when the ventilation tube retained more than two years, the occurrence of spontaneous extrusion and blocked tube increased obviously.