Magnesium promotes vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic states / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Diabetes has long been considered a risk factor in implant therapy and impaired wound healing in soft and hard oral tissues. Magnesium has been proved to promote bone healing under normal conditions. Here, we elucidate the mechanism by which Mg2+ promotes angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic status. We generated a diabetic mice model and demonstrated the alveolar bone healing was compromised, with significantly decreased angiogenesis. We then developed Mg-coating implants with hydrothermal synthesis. These implants successfully improved the vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic status. Mechanically, Mg2+ promoted the degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and the nucleation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by up-regulating the expression of sestrin 2 (SESN2) in endothelial cells, thus reducing the elevated levels of oxidative stress in mitochondria and relieving endothelial cell dysfunction under hyperglycemia. Altogether, our data suggested that Mg2+ promoted angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic mice by regulating endothelial mitochondrial metabolism.

Progress on active tumor-targeting nano drug delivery systems for improving tumor immunotherapy / 药学学报

In recent years, immunotherapy has made great progress in clinical cancer therapy. However, the poor tumor specificity, low intra-tumoral penetration, and low cellular uptake in the systemic delivery of immunotherapeutic drugs lead to low efficacy and poor safety, limiting the development of immunotherapy. Active tumor-targeting nano drug delivery systems (aNDDS) can enhance the concentration of drugs in target cells through the interaction between surface-conjugated antibodies or ligands and the receptors on target cell membranes, providing a viable strategy for specific and efficient drug delivery. In addition, some specific types of cell membranes with the natural targeting ability have been exploited for the construction of biomimetic nanocarriers to improve the drug delivery efficiency. In view of the many advantages of active tumor-targeting nanocarriers, researchers also have designed a series of aNDDS for promoting antitumor immune responses and proved that they improved the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on aNDDS for improving the tumor immunotherapy and look forward to the main challenges and future directions in this field.

Immunotherapy Based on Tumor Microenvironment in Renal Cell Carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common lethal urological cancer,the distant metastasis of which is the leading cause of death.Although targeted agents have remarkably improved the overall prognosis of RCC patients,nearly all the patients eventually acquire therapeutic resistance.With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors,immunotherapy based on tumor microenvironment (TME) has shown a broad scope in clinical application.The deepening understanding of TME leads to the changes of therapeutic strategies for advanced RCC,and the combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy is exhibiting a promising prospect.Herein,we reviewed the TME characteristics,candidate predictive biomarkers,and possible targets for future development of drugs against RCC.

Discussion on strengthening the cultivation of medical students' innovation ability based on the scientific research platform of college teachers / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The cultivation of medical students' scientific research and innovation ability is the need of our country to accelerate the construction of an innovative country. This paper starts from the significance of strengthening the cultivation of medical students' scientific research and innovation ability, emphasizes participation in teacher's scientific research in colleges and universities to strengthen the feasibility of the medical students' scientific research and innovation ability cultivation, and summarizes the practical experience of cultivating medical students' scientific research ability based on scientific research projects of teachers in colleges and universities, which can provide reference for peers.

The role of hippocampal γ oscillation abnormality in sepsis-associated encephalopathy / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the role of hippocampal γ oscillation abnormality in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE).Methods:Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats (2-3 months) were randomly (random number) divided into three groups according to the random digital table method: sham, CLP, and CLP + dopamine 4 (D4) receptor agonists RO-10-5824 group. The SAE animal model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). On day 10-14 after surgery, the open field, novel object recognition, and fear conditioning tests were performed. After that, the hippocampus was collected to measure expressions of parvalbumin (PV) and D4 receptor. In another set of experiment, CA1 local field potential (LFP) were recorded, and the relationship between LFP and time with novel object was analyzed. Independent sample t-test was used for pairwise comparisons, and multiple comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey multiple comparisons test. Correlation was analyzed using Pearson correlation. Statistical significance was assumed when P<0.05. Results:Compared with the sham group, hippocampal PV (77.54±4.61)%, D4 expression (56.36±3.88)% and γ oscillation power (41.1±8.62)%, object exposure time (36±3) s, new object recognition rate (49±4)%, and scene stiffness time (56±7) s were decreased significantly ( P<0.05). However, RO-10-5824 treatment could increase hippocaml γ oscillation power (92.3±6.7)%, and reverse the decreased new object exposure time (44±3) s and new object recognition rate (63±4)%. Correlation analysis showed that hippocampal γ oscillation power was positively associated with new object exposure time ( r=0.609 2, P=0.015 9). There was no difference in total distance traveled or time spent in the center among groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Hippocampal γ oscillation abnormality might play a key role in cognitive impairment associated with SAE.

Correlation between physical exercise,screen time and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the relationships between video time, exercise time and the mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents, and to assist the development of Chinese adolescents’ mental health.@*Methods@#In this study, 16 545 adolescents aged 13-22 years in six administrative regions of China were surveyed using an adolescent sub-health multi-dimensional assessment questionnaire (MSQA), and daily physical exercise time, video screen time and other indicators were recorded. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to understand adolescents’ mental sub-health and the correlation between video time and exercise time.@*Results@#Detection rate of mental sub-health status in adolescents with video time ≤2 h/d was lower than that of adolescents with video time >2 h/d(19.1%，22.1%), and the detection rate of adolescents with exercise time ≤60 min/d(22.1%，17.7%) was higher than that of adolescents with exercise time >60 min/d. These differences were statistically significant (χ2=14.47, 6.97, P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of mental sub-health status for Chinese adolescents whose screen time was more than 2 h/d was 1.20 times that of those with screen time ≤2 h/d, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The risk of mental sub-health for students whose exercise time was > 60 min/d was 0.86 times that of students who exercised ≤ 60 min/d, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Screen time >2 h/d and exercise time <60 min/d were negative factors leading to mental sub-health symptoms in Chinese adolescents.It is proposed to jointly promote the healthy adolescent development through health education,as well as positive family and social environment.

CMTM2 is involved in spermiogenesis in mice / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 2 (CMTM2) is involved in spermatogenesis in mice. CMTM2 is highly expressed in testis, and could possibly be a potential spermagogenesis specific gene.@*METHODS@#CMTM2-deficient mouse model was generated. Northern, RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were performed on total RNA derived from wild-type (WT, CMTM2+/+) and CMTM2+/- (heterozygote) and CMTM2-/-(homozygote) mice to examine the CMTM2 level. The number of litters and the number of pups were counted and pregnancy rates calculated. The motility and morphology of the sperm and the histology of testes were analyzed. Serum testosterone and FSH concentrations were also measured. Standard t-tests were used and standard error of means were calculated.@*RESULTS@#CMTM2 was highly expressed in a finely regulated pattern in the mouse testis during spermatogenesis. The body weight of adult mice with CMTM2 deficiency was not significantly different from that of wild type mice. No obvious anatomical or behavioral abnormalities were observed. The testis of CMTM2-/- was smaller than that of CMTM2+/+ mice. The testis diameter in wild mice and CMTM2 null mice were (11.32±1.21) mm vs. (8.29±1.92) mm (P<0.05), and the weights were (101.63±2.33) mg vs. (85.22±2.84) mg (P<0.05), respectively. Female CMTM2 null mice were fertile, indicating that CMTM2 was not required for female gametogenesis. The CMTM2-/- mice produced virtually no sperm, and CMTM2+/- mice sperm count showed a significant decline. In terms of sperm morphorlogy study, more round spermatids could be observed in the heterozygote group, compared with the wild type group; while in the homozygote group, a large amount of round spermatids could be observed because of complete arrest of spermiogenesis. The hormone levels were not significantly different. The CMTM2-/- male mice were sterile due to a late, complete arrest of spermiogenesis. The organized architecture of the seminiferous epithelium of the seminiferous tubules seen in CMTM2+/+ mice was lost in CMTM2-/- mice.@*CONCLUSION@#This study suggests CMTM2 is not required for embryonic development in the mouse but is essential for spermiogenesis, however, further studies are required for more detailed mechanism study.

Effect analysis of the cesarean scar pregnancy with intervention treatment and expectant treatment / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical significance of cesarean scar pregnancy with expectatant treatment.METHODS: Collect 21 cases of CSP between 2012 and 2017 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.Group A had 8 cases who were pregnant again after intervention treatment,and group B had 13 cases who insisted on expecting treatment.We summarized clinical indexes of both groups,such as preserving uterus,bladder rupture,admission to ICU,blood transfusion,placenta implantation,etc. in order to further study the significance of expecting treatment for CSP.RESULTS: All of group A were pregnant again after intervention treatment,of whom 1 was CSP again and hysterectomy was performed at 15 weeks due to placenta implantation,while another 7 were uterine pregnancy,of whom 3 were term birth and had no placenta implantation,and another 4 were terminated in response to the requirements of patients,of whom 1 was treated with drug abortion and 3 underwent dilatation and curettage.Uterus was preserved in the 7 women,and there was no bladder rupture,no admission to ICU,no blood transfusion,and no placenta implantation.Among the 13 cases in group B, 6 cases underwent cesarean section during third trimester,including 3 cases of premature delivery and 3 cases of delivery at 37 weeks.5 cases were pregnant to second trimester,containing 4 cases received hysterectomy and 1 case suffered subtotal hysterectomy.2 cases were pregnant to first pregnancy, including 1 case of abdominal nidus resection, 1 case of ultrasound-guided dilation and curettage;Among the13 patients, 4 cases underwent bladder rupture, 4 cases lost uterus, 5 cases were admitted to the ICU, and 10 cases required blood transfusion.Placental implantation occurred in 11 cases who were pregnant to second and third trimester.CONCLUSION: Most of CSP with expecting treatment will develop into placenta implantation inevitably in the late stage of pregnancy.The patients with CSP can be pregnant again after early intervention and have extremely low possibility of a second CSP.

Minimal fat renalangiomyolipoma with multiple lymph nodes enlargement and postoperative refractory lymphatic fistula: a case report and literature review / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a common benign tumor in the urinary system, mainly composed of adipose tissue, blood vessels and muscle tissue. Renal AML is sporadic in most of patients, while a few are associated with tuberous sclerosis. Classical renal AML occurs predominantly in middle-aged females. Most cases are found incidentally during imaging examinations. The fat content makes AML have unique imaging characteristics and is easy to be identified with other renal tumors. However, the amount of fat varies in each tumor. AML that contains only microscopically detectable fat and whose amount of intratumoral fat may be too small to be identified on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images is termed minimal fat or fat-poor renal AML, which appears as a high density shadow in the renal parenchyma on unenhanced CT images. Thus, it can be difficult to distinguish it from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on imaging. Since the imaging findings are atypical, the diagnosis depends on pathological results. In addition, a few of AML can mimic malignant neoplasms. Recent studies suggested that AML might involve to peri-renal or renal sinus fat, regional lymphatics and other visceral organs, as well as inferior vena cava, which further makes the diagnosis more difficult. However, there is currently no reports about involvement of regional limphatics in minimal fat renal AML. In this article, we report a 27-year-old female patient without family history of tuberous sclerosis, who came to visit the hematologist because a high density shadow near the left kidney was found during CT scan which was accompanied by neck, armpits, groin, abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes enlargement. She was suspected of lymphoma in the beginning and transferred to Department of Urology to perform laparoscopic left renal mass and retroperitoneal lymph node excision and pathological examination for a definitive diagnosis. Finally, pathologic results revealed AML. Postoperative continuous lymphatic fistula developed and the retroperitoneal drainage of chylous fluid was 100-200 mL per day, lasting for 12 weeks. The fistula was successfully closed after conservative treatment including fasting and rehydration. This article summaries and discusses the diagnosis and treatment of renal AML with lymph nodes enlargement and the management of postoperative refractory lymphatic fistula by reviewing the related cases and literature.

Influence of SOX10 on the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of SOX10 on the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells.@*METHODS@#SOX10 protein in prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNcap was detected by Western blotting analysis. The expression of SOX10 in prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145) were knocked down by small interfering RNAs, and the efficiency of SOX10 by small interfering RNAs was confirmed using Western blotting analysis. CCK-8 assays were conducted to assess the influences of SOX10 on the proliferation of PC3 and DU145 cells, and invasion assays were conducted to assess the influences of SOX10 on the invasion of PC3 and DU145 cells.@*RESULTS@#After SOX10 in prostate cancer cells was knocked down by small interfering RNAs, the proliferation of prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145 was significantly inhibited. Results of CCK-8 assays showed that the absorbance of PC3 and DU145 in SOX10-silenced groups was decreased compared with those in control groups (PC3: 0 d: 0.166±0.01, 0.162±0.012 vs. 0.155 ±0.01, P>0.05; 1 d: 0.210±0.011, 0.211±0.018 vs. 0.252±0.023, P>0.05; 2 d: 0.293±0.017, 0.280±0.028 vs. 0.433±0.030, P<0.01; 3 d: 0.363±0.071, 0.411±0.038 vs. 0.754±0.045, P<0.01; 4 d: 0.592±0.065, 0.670±0.093 vs. 1.456±0.111, P<0.01. DU145: 0 d: 0.168±0.018, 0.164±0.01 vs. 0.153 ±0.012, P>0.05; 1 d: 0.218±0.007, 0.206±0.024 vs. 0.255±0.02, P>0.05; 2 d: 0.297±0.013, 0.291±0.012 vs. 0.444±0.023, P<0.05; 3 d: 0.378±0.058, 0.419±0.026 vs. 0.762±0.039, P<0.01; 4 d: 0.681±0.094, 0.618±0.050 vs. 1.419±0.170, P<0.01). Meanwhile, knocking down SOX10 significantly suppressed the invasion of prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145. Results of invasion assays showed that the numbers of invaded cells in SOX10-silenced groups were significantly less than those in control groups (PC3: 142±38, 171±17 vs. 304±55; DU145: 96±22, 134±23 vs. 341±34, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#SOX10 might promote prostate cancer progression by accelerating the ability of the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells, and SOX10 might be a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.

Etiological factors for calculus-associated seminal vesiculitis: Analysis of calculus composition in 6 cases / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the etiological factors for calculus-associated seminal vesiculitis by analyzing the composition of seminal vesicle calculus samples.@*METHODS@#This retrospective study included 6 cases of recurrent hematospermia diagnosed with seminal vesicle calculus by non-contrast pelvic CT. The patients were aged 28 to 69 years, with persistent or recurrent hematospermia for 3 months to 6 years, and 5 of them with a history of acute urethritis. All the patients underwent seminal vesiculoscopy, which confirmed calculus-associated seminal vesiculitis. The calculus samples were obtained with a spiral dislodge and their composition was determined with a second-generation infrared calculus composition analyzer. The patients were followed up for 2 to 12 weeks postoperatively, during which non-contrast pelvic CT was employed for observation of recurrent calculus in the reproductive tract.@*RESULTS@#Pelvic CT scanning indicated recurrence of seminal vesicle calculus in 3 cases at 12 weeks postoperatively, of which, 2 were accompanied with recurrent hematospermia, both observed at 4 weeks after operation. As for the composition of the calculus, the infrared calculus composition analyzer revealed struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) in 5 cases and a mixture of calcium oxalate dihydrate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, and carbonate apatite in the other one.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Seminal vesicle calculi are most commonly composed of struvite, and infection is the main etiological factor for calculus-associated seminal vesiculitis.

Effect of Qigui Yishen Decoction on miR-141 regulation in UUO mice with renal fibrosis / 中成药

AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of Qigui Yishen Decoction (QGYS,Astragali Radix,Angelicae sinensis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Achyranthis bidentatae Radix) on regulating the expression of miR-141 in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice with renal fibrosis.METHODS Thirty Balb/c male mice randomly divided into sham-operated group (n =6),UUO group (n =6),Lotensin (50 g/kg) group (n =6),QGYS high dose (50 g/kg) group (n =6),and QGYS low dose (10 g/kg) group (n =6) were conducted UUO surgery to promote kidney fibrosis except the six mice in the sham operation group.After a successive 10-day medication of QGYS and Lotensin to mice by oral gavage on daily basis,all mice were killed to procure renal tissue to observe its morphology and pathology changes by HE staining.The expressions of TGF-β1,ColⅣ,and MMP-9 were analyzed by immunohistochemical method,and the expressions of miR141,TGF-β1 were measured by real-time PCR.RESULTS The obviously pathological injuries including renal interstitial fibrosis were identified by HE staining among the groups intervened with UUO,but the variance in the extent due to different administrations of QGYS and Lotensin was noticed as well (P ＜ 0.05).As compared to the UUO group,high and low dose QGYS groups and Lotensin group achieved an up-regulated expression of TGF-β1 and ColⅣ,and a down-regulated expression of MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry (P ＜ 0.05),and significantly increased Mrna expression of miR-141,and decreased Mrna expression of TGF-β1 by real-time PCR (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION In UUO mouse models,QGYS gives influence to TGF-β1and MMP-9 through inducing miR-141 expression change to decrease abnormal accumulation of ECM,and thus inhibits the progression of renal fibrosis.

Exogenous agmatine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced activation and dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether exogenous agmatine inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation and dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by modulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and MAPK signal pathways and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured HUVECs were treated with agmatine at the optimized concentration of 1.0 mmolγL, LPS (10 µgγmL), and LPS + agmatine, with or without pretreatment with the inhibitors of NF-κB (PDTC), p38 (SB203580), and ERK (PD98059) for 1 h. The levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble E-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the supernatant were determined using ELISA, and their mRNA expressions, along with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), were assessed using real-time PCR. ROS production in the cells was determined using 2, 7-dichlorofluoresce in diacetate (DCFH-DA) as the fluorescence probe. The protein expressions of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, p65, phospho-p65 (p-p65), IκBα, p-IκBα, ERK, p-ERK, p38, p-p38, JNK, and p-JNK were detected using Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LPS stimulation for 6 and 24 h significantly increased the levels of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sE-selectin and MCP-1 in the supernatant, intracellular ROS production, and the mRNA expressions of these molecules (P<0.05). Intervention with 1 mmolγL agmatine, similar with pretreatment with p38, ERK and NF-κB inhibitors, obviously inhibited such effects of LPS in HUVECs (P<0.05). Agmatine significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of HO-1 (P<0.05), inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK, nuclear p65 and cytoplasmic IκBα, and up-regulated the protein expression of cytoplasmic IκBα.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Agmatine inhibits LPS-induced activation and dysfunction of HUVECs by modulating NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways to down-regulate the expressions of adhesion molecules and chemokines and by up-regulating the expression of HO-1 to reduce ROS production.</p>

Penoplasty with T-shaped incision and three-point fixation for concealed penis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To search for a safe and effective method of penoplasty with low incidence of complications for concealed penis by evaluating penoplasty with T-shaped incision and three-point fixation in comparison with modified Devine's technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed 169 cases of concealed penis treated in our center by penoplasty with T-shaped incision and three-point fixation (group A, n = 110) or modified Devine's surgery (group B, n = 59). We compared the operation time, postoperative complications, and recurrence rate between the two groups of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Operations were successfully completed in all the cases, the urinary catheters removed at 3 days and the elastic bandages applied for 2 to 4 weeks. The patients were followed up for 4 to 12 months. The penis was satisfactorily exposed. The operative time was significantly shorter in group A than in B (［52.8 ± 6.9］ vs ［61.5 ± 10.6］ min, P < 0.001), the postoperative complication rate was obviously lower in the former than in the latter (prepuce edema: 17.27% ［19/110］ vs 33.89% ［20/59］, P = 0.021; bleeding: 0.90% ［1/110］ vs 3.38% ［2/59］, P = 0.552; skin necrosis: 0.90% ［1/110］ vs 5.08% ［3/59］, P = 0.123; skin infection: 0.90% ［1/110］ vs 5.08% ［3/59］, P = 0.123), and so was the recurrence rate (0.90% ［1/110］ vs 6.77% ［4/59］, P = 0.032).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Penoplasty with T-shaped incision and three-point fixation deserves to be popularized clinically for its advantages of minor invasion, clear exposure, reliable penile fixation, low incidence of postoperative complications and recurrence, and satisfactory outcomes.</p>

Photo-sensitive liposomes loading doxorubicin hydrochloride reverse drug resistance of breast cancer / 药学学报

This study was aimed to build a new photo-sensitive co-delivery liposomes which combine photodynamic therapy with chemotherapy to reverse drug resistance of breast cancer. Photodynamic photosen-sitizer chlorin e6 trimethyl ester (Ce6tM) and chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) were loaded into the liposomes (liposomes loaded with Ce6tM and DOX, CDL) by thin-film hydration extrusion and ammonium sulfate active loading methods. CDL was characterized with cryo-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM), dynamic light scattering particle size, zeta potentials and photo-sensitive DOX release behaviors in vitro. CDL cytotoxicity, singlet oxygen production, DOX accumulation, intracellular ATP level and cell cycle analysis in MCF7/ADR cells were evaluated. Finally, the tissue distribution of DOX and antitumor effects of CDL in BALB/c-nu nude mice bearing MCF7/ADR tumor were investigated. The results showed that the particle size of obtained CDL was 90.7 ± 1.1 nm and distributed uniformly. CDL possessed outstanding properties of photo-sensitive drug release profile. The accumulated release of DOX reached (96.52 ± 0.11)% in 2 min under 671 nm laser irradiation (2 W·cm-2). Interestingly, DOX in CDL could maintain rapid release after 671 nm laser irradiation with low power and short time (15 s, 0.25 W·cm-2). This phenomenon was caused by oxidation of unsaturated phospholipids in CDL under 671 nm laser irradiation and had nothing to do with the slightly elevated temperature. Photo-sensitive drug release behavior contributed to increased DOX accumulation in MCF7/ADR cells. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of DOX in CDL laser group in MCF7/ADR cells was decreased by 601.9-fold compared with no laser group, which could be related to increased accumulation of DOX, decreased ATP levels and cell cycle arrest in MCF7/ADR cells. With the help of CDL, DOX accumulation in tumor was increased and in cardiac toxicity was reduced in vivo. CDL laser group showed a good anti-tumor effect. The tumor inhibition rate was (94.7 ± 6.2)%. These results suggest that CDL has a promising potential in reversing drug resistance of breast cancer.

Efficacy of preemptive analgesia with ultrasound-guided modified dorsal penile nerve block combined ketorolac tromethamine for circumcision in pediatric patients / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of preemptive analgesiawith ultrasound-guided modified dorsal penile nerve block combined ketorolac tromethamine for circumcision in pediatric patients.Methods Forty-five pediatric patients with ASA grade Ⅰ undergoing elective circumcision were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15 each).The same intravenous compound anesthesia was used in the three groups.The pediatric patients underwent ultrasound-guided modified dorsal penile nerve block with a mixture of 0.1 ml/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.8% lidocaine before operation in group A and group B.The pediatric patients were given ketorolac tromethamine 1 mg/kg intramuscular injection before operation in group A and group C.The total consumption of propfol and sufentanil, occurrence of intraoperative body movement and respiratory depression, emergence time, time from waking up to going out of PACU and adverse reactions such as postoperative agitation, nausea, vomiting and pruritus were aslo recorded.The requirement for postoperative paracetamol suppositories was recorded.Results Compared with group C, the total consumption of propfol and sufentanil were significantly decreased, incidence of body movement andrespiratory depression were significantly decreased, the emergence time and time from waking up to going out of PACU was significantly shortened, requirement for paracetamol suppositories were significantly decreased in group A and group B(P<0.05).Compared with group B, incidence of requirement for paracetamol suppositories was significantly decreased in group A (P<0.05).No pediatric patients developed postoperative nausea, vomiting, pruritus and incidence of emergence agitation had no statistical difference in the three groups.Conclusion Preemptive analgesia with ultrasound-guided modified dorsal penile nerve block combined ketorolac tromethamine is safe and effective when used for circumcision in pediatric patients, and it has good efficacy of postoperative analgesia.

Association of mycoplasma infection with genital system tumor: A system evaluation / 中国人兽共患病学报

We explore the association of the mycoplasma infection with genital system tumor.Some index word including prostate cancer,cervical cancer,ovarian cancer and mycoplasma were used in some electronic databases (including PubMed,Web of Science,Chinese biomedical database,wanfang database,CNKI) to search literatures.The R software was used for the meta-analysis.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature.Publication bias was evaluated by funnel figure,and the fail-safe number (Nfs) was calculated to estimate the reliability of the meta-analysis.Result showed that 20 articles were included,the numbers of cases and controls were 2 345 and 2 728 respectively.The pooled OR of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu),Mycoplasma hominis(Mh),other mycoplasma,mixture of mycoplasma and the whole mycoplasma was 2.19(95％CI:1.27-3.79),1.74(95％CI:1.28-2.35),1.97(95％CI:1.03-3.77),3.54 (95％CI:1.33-9.41),1.29(95％CI:1.53-2.60),respectively.The fail-safe number of Uu,Mh,other mycoplasma and mixture of mycoplasma was 254,42,31,157 respectively.There are some possibility about the association between the mycoplasma infection and the genital system cancer;maybe the infection would increase the tumorigenesis risk.It is necessary to research further about these associations in different mycoplasmas respectively.

Hypogonadism and the quality of life in male patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To compare the level of testosterone between type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy controls and to investigate the status of hypogonadism and the influence of hypopgonadism on the quality of life.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected serum total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and other clinical data from 166 T2DM patients aged over 30 years and 186 age-matched healthy controls. We investigated the quality of life (QoL) of the two groups of subjects using the questionnaires of Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM), Aging Male Symptoms (AMS), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Special Quality of Life for Diabetes Mellitus (DSQL).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of calculated FT (cFT) was remarkably lower in the T2DM patients than in the healthy controls (P<0.05), but no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in the levels of TT, bio-available testosterone (Bio-T), and SHBG. The T2DM males with hypogonadism showed significant differences from those without in age, height, systolic blood pressure, and creatinine (P<0.05). Based on the criteria of cFT <0.3 nmol/L and AMS score ≥27, the incidence rate of hypogonadism was 51.81% in the T2DM patients, 31.58% in the 30－39 yr group, 32.50% in the 40－49 yr group, 50% in the 50－59 yr group, 69.23% in the 60－69 yr group, and 77.27% in the ≥70 yr group, elevated by 77.4% with the increase of 10 years of age (OR = 1.774, P<0.001). The AMS score was significantly correlated with the scores of DSQL (r = 0.557, P<0.001) and SF-36 (r = －0.739, P<0.001) in the T2DM patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>T2DM patients have lower levels of cFT than healthy men, accompanied with a higher incidence of hypogonadism. Age is a main risk factor of hypogonadism. Severer testosterone deficiency symptoms are associated with lower scores of QoL in T2DM males.</p>

Initiating Characteristics of Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered to affect mainly the elderly; however, the age at diagnosis has gradually reduced in recent years. Although the incidence of young-onset T2DM is increasing, it is still not fully clear the onset characteristics and risk factors of early-onset T2DM. The aim of this study was to describe the initiating characteristics of early-onset T2DM in Chinese patients and evaluate the risk factors for diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional controlled study was performed using a questionnaire survey method in outpatients of multiple centers in China. A total of 1545 patients with T2DM with an age at onset of <40 years were included, and the control group consisted of subjects aged <40 years with normal blood glucose level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In patients with young-onset T2DM, the mean age and initial hemoglobin 1Ac at diagnosis were 32.96 ± 5.40 years and 9.59 ± 2.71%, respectively. Most of the patients were obese, followed irregular diet pattern and sedentary lifestyle, had life or work pressure, and had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Compared with subjects with normal blood glucose level, logistic regression analysis showed that waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio [OR] 446.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.37-4714.87), family history of diabetes mellitus (OR 23.46, CI 14.47-38.03), dyslipidemia (OR 2.65, CI 1.54-4.56), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.02, CI 1.00-1.04), and body mass index (OR 0.95, CI 0.92-0.99) are independent factors for early-onset T2DM.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We observed that abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, and medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors for early-onset T2DM. It is, therefore, necessary to apply early lifestyle intervention in young people with risk of diabetes mellitus.</p>

Study on medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicines in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on data mining / 中国中药杂志

In this study, efforts were made to collect 88 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions for treating ADHD from public literatures, establish a medication database and conduct data mining on the efficacy, properties, tastes, meridian entries and compatibility regularity of TCMs by using frequency analysis, association rules analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed 33 herbs with a high frequency (≥ 10%). The top 12 frequently applied ADHD herbs were respectively Acori Tatarinowii Rhizome, Polygalae Radix, Prepared Rehmanniae Radix, Os Draconis, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome, Poria, Concha Ostreae, Testudinis Carapacis et Plastri, Paeoniae Alba Radix, Schisandrae Fructus Chinensis, Fructus Corni, Dioscoreae Rhizoma. The top seven types of frequently applied ADHD herbs by effect were respectively tonic herb, sedative herbs, livei-wind calming herbs, heat clearing herbs, astringent herbs, awaking herbs and damp clearing and diuresis promoting herbs. The top three properties were warm, cold and neutral, with warm as the dominance. The top three tastes were sweetness, bitterness and acridity, with sweetness as the dominance. The top three meridian entries were liver meridian, heart meridian and kidney meridian. The association rules analysis showed commonly used herbal pairs. Polygalae Radix-Acori Tatarinowii Rhizome, Concha Ostreae-Os Draconis, Prepared Rehmanniae Radix-Fructus Corni-Os Draconis. Eight highly frequent cluster prescriptions were summarized based on the cluster analysis. This study indicates that basic TCM prescriptions for treating ADHD were principally composed of tonics (nourishing liver and kidney, invigorating heart and spleen) and tranquilization, which were supplemented with herbs for calming liver, clearing heat, promoting qi-circulation, promoting blood-circulation, reducing phlegm and calming endogenous wind. The combination of multiple data mining techniques can reflect the clinical medication regularity of herbs for treating ADHD in an overall and objective manner.