ABSTRACT
This paper explains the mechanism of the mutual switching between physiological sleep and wakefulness from the aspects of the sleep circadian system and the sleep homeostasis system. In the circadian rhythm system, with the suprachiasmatic nucleus as the core, the anatomical connections between the suprachiasmatic nucleusand various systems that affect sleep are summarized, starting from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, passing through the four pathways of the melatonin system, namely, subventricular area of the hypothalamus, the ventrolateral nucleus of the preoptic area, orexin neurons, and melatonin, then the related mechanisms of their regulation of sleep and wakefulness are expounded. In the sleep homeostasis system, with adenosine and prostaglandin D2 as targets, the role of hypnogen in sleep arousal mechanisms in regulation is also expounded.
ABSTRACT
The discovery of neuroglobin (Ngb), a brain- or neuron-specific member of the hemoglobin family, has revolutionized our understanding of brain oxygen metabolism. Currently, how Ngb plays such a role remains far from clear. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which Ngb might facilitate neuronal oxygenation upon hypoxia or anemia. We found that Ngb was present in, co-localized to, and co-migrated with mitochondria in the cell body and neurites of neurons. Hypoxia induced a sudden and prominent migration of Ngb towards the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) or cell surface in living neurons, and this was accompanied by the mitochondria. In vivo, hypotonic and anemic hypoxia induced a reversible Ngb migration toward the CM in cerebral cortical neurons in rat brains but did not alter the expression level of Ngb or its cytoplasm/mitochondria ratio. Knock-down of Ngb by RNA interference significantly diminished respiratory succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase activity in neuronal N2a cells. Over-expression of Ngb enhanced SDH activity in N2a cells upon hypoxia. Mutation of Ngb at its oxygen-binding site (His64) significantly increased SDH activity and reduced ATPase activity in N2a cells. Taken together, Ngb was physically and functionally linked to mitochondria. In response to an insufficient oxygen supply, Ngb migrated towards the source of oxygen to facilitate neuronal oxygenation. This novel mechanism of neuronal respiration provides new insights into the understanding and treatment of neurological diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease and diseases that cause hypoxia in the brain such as anemia.
Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Neuroglobin/metabolism , Globins/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Hypoxia/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Oxygen , Anemia/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the curative effect between the warm acupuncture at Yifeng (TE 17) combined with conventional acupuncture and TDP plus conventional acupuncture on facial paralysis with periauricular pain during pregnancy.@*METHODS@#A total of 68 patients were randomized into an observation group (36 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (32 cases, 1 case dropped off). First week, TDP light was used on the affected side in the control group, and warm acupuncture at Yinfeng (TE 17) on the affected side was used in the observation group, both once a day. From the second week, both groups were given acupuncture at Chengjiang (CV 24) and the affected side of Cuanzhu (BL 2), Yangbai (GB 14), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Yingxiang (LI 20), Dicang (ST 4), etc. and electroacupuncture (continuous wave, 2 Hz in frequency) was connected at Cuanzhu (BL 2) and Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Jiache (ST 6) and Dicang (ST 4). Both treatments were given every other day for 4 weeks totally. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the periauricular pain degree before treatment and after 1 week of treatment, the House-Brackmann (H-B) facial nerve function grading scale and facial disability index (FDI) score before treatment and after 2, 4 weeks of treatment were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After 1 week of treatment, the VAS scores of both groups decreased (@*CONCLUSION@#Warm acupuncture at Yinfeng (TE 17) combined with conventional acupuncture can effectively improve the periauricular pain and facial nerve function in patients of facial paralysis with periauricular pain during pregnancy, and the curative effect is better than TDP plus conventional acupuncture.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Electroacupuncture , Facial Paralysis/therapy , Pain , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to explore how miR-206 represses osteosarcoma (OS) development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression levels of miR-206, PAX3, and MET mRNA were explored in paired OS and adjacent tissue specimens. A patient-derived OS cell line was established. miR-206 overexpression and knockdown were achieved by lentiviral transduction. PAX3 and MET overexpression were achieved by plasmid transfection. Treatment with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was utilized to activate c-Met receptor. Associations between miR-206 and PAX3 or MET mRNA in OS cells were verified by AGO2-RNA immunoprecipitation assay and miRNA pulldown assay. OS cell malignancy was evaluated in vitro by cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis assays. PAX3 and MET gene expression in OS cells was assayed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Activation of PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK in OS cells were assayed by evaluating Akt1 Ser473 phosphorylation and total threonine phosphorylation of Erk1/2, respectively. RESULTS: Expression levels of miR-206 were significantly decreased in OS tissue specimens, compared to adjacent counterparts, and were inversely correlated with expression of PAX3 and MET mRNA. miR-206 directly interacted with PAX3 and MET mRNA in OS cells. miR-206 overexpression significantly reduced PAX3 and MET gene expression in OS cells in vitro, resulting in significant decreases in Akt1 and Erk1/2 activation, cell proliferation, and metastasis, as well as increases in cell apoptosis, while miR-206 knockdown showed the opposite effects. The effects of miR-206 overexpression on OS cells were reversed by PAX3 or MET overexpression, but only partially attenuated by HGF treatment. CONCLUSION: miR-206 reduces OS cell malignancy in vitro by targeting PAX3 and MET gene expression.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Blotting, Western , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation , Gene Expression , Hepatocyte Growth Factor , Immunoprecipitation , In Vitro Techniques , MicroRNAs , Neoplasm Metastasis , Osteosarcoma , Phosphorylation , Plasmids , RNA, Messenger , Threonine , TransfectionABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the outcomes of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol (PPOS) in aged infertile women who failed to get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycles with GnRH-a long protocol.A self-controlled study was conducted to retrospectively investigate the clinical outcomes of 104 aged infertile patients who didn't get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET treatment by stimulating with GnRH-a long protocol (non-PPOS group),and underwent PPOS protocol (PPOS group) in the second cycle between January 2016 and December 2016 in the Center for Reproductive Medicine,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.The primary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed embryos transfer (FET) in PPOS group,and good-quality embryo rate in both groups.The secondary outcomes were fertilization rate,egg utilization rate and cycle cancellation rate.The results showed that there were no significant differences in basal follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH),antral follicle count (AFC),duration and total dosage of gonadotropin (Gn),number of oocytes retrieved,intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) rate,fertilization rate,and cycle cancellation rate between the two groups (P＞0.05).However,the oocyte utilization rate and good-quality embryo rate in PPOS group were significantly higher than those in non-PPOS group (P＜0.05).By the end of April 2017,62 FET cycles were conducted in PPOS group.The clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate were 22.58％ and 12.70％,respectively.In conclusion,PPOS protocol may provide better clinical outcomes by improving the oocyte utilization rate and good-quality embryo rate for aged infertile patients who failed to get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycles.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the outcomes of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol (PPOS) in aged infertile women who failed to get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycles with GnRH-a long protocol.A self-controlled study was conducted to retrospectively investigate the clinical outcomes of 104 aged infertile patients who didn't get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET treatment by stimulating with GnRH-a long protocol (non-PPOS group),and underwent PPOS protocol (PPOS group) in the second cycle between January 2016 and December 2016 in the Center for Reproductive Medicine,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.The primary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed embryos transfer (FET) in PPOS group,and good-quality embryo rate in both groups.The secondary outcomes were fertilization rate,egg utilization rate and cycle cancellation rate.The results showed that there were no significant differences in basal follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH),antral follicle count (AFC),duration and total dosage of gonadotropin (Gn),number of oocytes retrieved,intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) rate,fertilization rate,and cycle cancellation rate between the two groups (P＞0.05).However,the oocyte utilization rate and good-quality embryo rate in PPOS group were significantly higher than those in non-PPOS group (P＜0.05).By the end of April 2017,62 FET cycles were conducted in PPOS group.The clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate were 22.58％ and 12.70％,respectively.In conclusion,PPOS protocol may provide better clinical outcomes by improving the oocyte utilization rate and good-quality embryo rate for aged infertile patients who failed to get pregnant in the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycles.
ABSTRACT
Data mining method based on the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) inheritance system(V2.5) was adopted to analyze professor Lin Yi's experience for metastasis breast cancer(MBC) by analysing the high frequency medicine, drug categories，drug properties，the key symptoms and key drugs of different metastasis regions and different syndromes, drug symptom analysis in the effective prescriptions for treating MBC by Lin from January 2013 to December 2017. A total of 89 MBC patients, 5 syndromes and 117 prescriptions were involved. The first 10 most frequently used were Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Coicis Semen, Crataegi Fructus, Hordei Fructus Germinatus, Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum, Hedyotis Diffusa, Codonopsis Radix, Astragali Radix. The warm and placid property was higher, the most herbs had Gan taste, the first two channel tropisms were spleen and the stomach. Drug symptom analysis in 5 different metastasis regions and 6 different syndromes were also been done. The conclusion showed that professor Lin's experience as: recognizing the basis of diseases,differentiating the syndrome, combinating disease and syndrome, cautiously grasping pathogenesis,combinating tonification and purgation together, regulating balance, treating the symptoms and origin, regulating spleen and stomach, caring for the postnatal throughout, prefering ancient prescription,rational compatibility, using medicine gently.
ABSTRACT
The impact of prior cesarean section (CS) on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was investigated.A retrospective analysis was performed on 144 patients with prior CS between January 2013 and December 2015.The pregnancy,delivery,and neonatal outcomes of patients who had previous CS delivery and received IVF-ET were analyzed.The control group comprised 166 patients who had only previous vaginal delivery (VD) and received IVF-ET during the same period.The results showed that the basal follicle stimulating hormone level,estradiol level on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) day,gonadotrophin dosage,duration of stimulation,retrieved oocytes,fertilization rate,high-quality embryo rate,multiple birth rate,abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The pregnancy rate (40.28％ vs.54.22％) and implantation rate (24.01％ vs.34.67％) were significantly lower (P＜0.05),and the ratio of embryo difficulty transfer (9/144 vs.0/166) was significantly higher in CS group than in VD group.The risk of pernicious placenta previa and postpartum hemorrhage in twin deliveries was significantly increased in CS group as compared with that in VD group (P＜0.05),and gestational age and neonatal birth weight were significantly reduced in twin deliveries as compared with singleton deliveries in both groups (P＜0.05).It was suggested that the existence of CS scar may impact embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome,and increase the difficulty of ET.We should limit the number of transfer embryos to avoid multiple pregnancies and strengthen gestational supervision in patients with cesarean scar.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of oleanolic acid-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA-TPGS ) nanoparticles (OPTN ) combined with heparin sodium-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (HPTN)on liver cancer,and explore whether OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect by comparing the results of single medication.Methods Coumarin 6 and eosin were used as fluorescent probes to examine the cellular uptake by human liver cancer HepG2 cell and murine ascitic hepatocarcinoma cell strain with high metastasis potential in the lymphatic system (HCa-F).The in vitro cytotoxic combination effect and apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by OPTN combined with HPTN were also determined using WST-1 assay and Annexin V-FITC staining. The antitumor effect in vivo was determined by tumor growth inhibition rate and hematoxylin & eosin staining (H & E)method.Results Both OPTN with green fluorescence and HPTN with red fluorescence were found in HepG2 cells and HCa-F cells,suggesting that they had been internalized.The cell cytotoxicity test and Annexin V-FITC staining results showed that OPTN combined with HPTN had a synergistic effect.The therapeutic effect in vivo showed that OPTN combined with HPTN effectively inhibited tumor growth better than the drug alone.Conclusion OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect in more effectively inhibiting liver cancer better than single medication.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of oleanolic acid-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA-TPGS ) nanoparticles (OPTN ) combined with heparin sodium-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (HPTN)on liver cancer,and explore whether OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect by comparing the results of single medication.Methods Coumarin 6 and eosin were used as fluorescent probes to examine the cellular uptake by human liver cancer HepG2 cell and murine ascitic hepatocarcinoma cell strain with high metastasis potential in the lymphatic system (HCa-F).The in vitro cytotoxic combination effect and apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by OPTN combined with HPTN were also determined using WST-1 assay and Annexin V-FITC staining. The antitumor effect in vivo was determined by tumor growth inhibition rate and hematoxylin & eosin staining (H & E)method.Results Both OPTN with green fluorescence and HPTN with red fluorescence were found in HepG2 cells and HCa-F cells,suggesting that they had been internalized.The cell cytotoxicity test and Annexin V-FITC staining results showed that OPTN combined with HPTN had a synergistic effect.The therapeutic effect in vivo showed that OPTN combined with HPTN effectively inhibited tumor growth better than the drug alone.Conclusion OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect in more effectively inhibiting liver cancer better than single medication.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compared the differentiation capacity of rat adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat BMSCs and ASCs were isolated, cultured and identified for cell surface markers using flow cytometry. The cell growth curves were drawn by CCK-8 assay, and the cells in active growth were induced for endothelial differentiation following standard protocols. On day 21 of induction, the cells were examined for mRNA expressions of endothelial cell specific markers CD31, KDR, and vWF using qPCR. Immunostaining was performed to observe the expression of CD31 on the cells. The induced cells were also tested for Dil-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (ac-LDL) uptake ability. The tube-forming ability of the induced cells was verified on Matrigel.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We successfully isolated rat ASCs and BMSCs. Morphologically, ASCs were similar with BMSCs, both having long spindle-shaped and fibroblast-like morphology. Flow cytometry showed that both BMSCs and ASCs had high expressions of mesenchymal markers CD29 and CD90 and a low expression of hematopoietic cell surface markers CD45. CCK-8 assay showed that ASCs proliferated more quickly than BMSCs. The cells with induced endothelial differentiation exhibited increased levels of CD31, KDR, and vWF mRNA expressions and immunofluorescent staining identified CD31 antigen expression on the cell membrane. Fluorescence microscopy revealed red fluorescence in the induced cells suggesting uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL by the cells. The induced cells were capable of forming tube on Matrigel, confirming their identity of endothelial cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both rat BMSCs and ASCs can be induced to differentiate into endothelial cells, but ASCs differentiate more quickly into endothelial cells and possess a stronger proliferation ability, suggesting its greater potential than BMSCs in future applications.</p>
ABSTRACT
Genital tract infections with ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are the most frequent sexually-transmitted disease worldwide. UU and CT infections are considered to be the leading cause for infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, little is known about the specific effect of cervical UU and CT infections on the etiology of female infertility, as well as the pregnancy outcomes of the patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). In order to find the association between cervical UU and/or CT infection and pregnancy outcomes, we conducted a retrospective case-control study on the patients undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET with cervical UU and/or CT infection. A total of 2208 patients who received IVF/ICSI-ET were enrolled in this study. Data on the general conditions, pregnancy history and clinical pregnant outcomes were analyzed in terms of the cervical UU and CT detection. Our results revealed that cervical UU and CT infections were the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor-induced infertility. Moreover, the pregnancy rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate and premature birth rate in patients with UU and/or CT infections showed no significant difference when compared with the control group. We recommend that cervical UU and CT detection should be an optional item for infertility patients and clinical UU detection should differentiate the subtypes of cervical UU. Positive cervical UU and CT infections should not be taken as strict contraindications for IVF/ICSI-ET.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Chlamydia Infections , Microbiology , Pathology , Chlamydia trachomatis , Virulence , Embryo Transfer , Fertilization in Vitro , Pregnancy Rate , Premature Birth , Reproductive Tract Infections , Microbiology , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Methods , Ureaplasma Infections , Microbiology , Pathology , Ureaplasma urealyticum , VirulenceABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in subjects with different glucose metabolism status.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January, 2015 and October, 2015, a total of 934 subjects without a previous diagnosis of diabetes visiting the Department of Endocrinology or Health Examination Center underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which identified 266 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT group), 243 pre-diabetic subjects, and 425 patients with diabetes mellitus group. The baseline characteristics and laboratory test data of the subjects were collected. The diagnosis of CKD was established for an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or a ACR≥30 mg/g, and the prevalence of CKD were compared among the 3 groups. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the OR value of the risk factors of CKD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalences of CKD in NGT, pre-diabetic and diabetic groups were 10.2%, 26.3% and 32.5%, respectively. Pairwise comparisons showed that the prevalence of CKD was significantly higher in pre-diabetic group (P<0.001, OR=3.17, 95% CI 1.94-5.17) and diabetic group (P<0.001, OR=4.27, 95% CI 2.72-6.65) than in NGT group, and was comparable between the pre-diabetic and diabetic groups (P=0.115, OR=1.35, 95% CI 0.95-1.91). Logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for age, gender, blood pressure, hypertension, blood lipids and uric acid, showed that pre-diabetes (OR=2.03, P=0.044) and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.22, P=0.016) were independently associated with CKD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glucose metabolism status has a significant independent impact on the incidence of CKD, suggesting the importance of early detection of pre-diabetes and timely interventions in pre-diabetic subjects in prevention CKD.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus , Epidemiology , Glucose , Metabolism , Glucose Tolerance Test , Incidence , Prediabetic State , Epidemiology , Prevalence , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between blood uric acid and insulin resistance in the patients with GDM.Methods The various biochemical parameters such as uric acid ( UA),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting insulin(FINS) and insulin resistance index(IRI) were detected in 80 patients with GDM and 40 normal pregnant women.80 patients with GDM were divided into A group ( hyperuricemia,UA ＞ 360 μmol/L,31 cases ) and B group (normouricemia,49 cases ) to observe and compare the changes of each biochemical parameter.Results Compared to the control group,there were significant differences in FPG [ (7.87 ± 0.69 ) mmol/L,t =17.0842 ],UA [ ( 308.87 ± 79.12) μmol/L,t =2.1758 ],FINS [ ( 15.87 ± 5.12 ) mU/L,t =3.5410 ] and IRI [ (2.27 ±0.72),t =7.1247] (all P ＜0.05).There were significant differences in FPG(8.38 ± 0.46) mmol/L,TG ( 373.97 ± 29.12 ) μmol/L,FINS ( 15.87 ± 5.12 ) mU/L,IRI ( 2.47 ± 0.12 ) between group A and group B ( t =5.7187,12.3116,2.3185,11.2835,all P ＜ 0.05 ).The blood uric acid level was positively related to FINS,IRI,TG in the patients with GDM( r =0.839,0.720,0.660,all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion There was correlation between the blood uric acid level and insulin resistance in the patients with GDM.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the clinical value of neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NRT),neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) or surgery alone (S) in treatment of middle and low rectal cancer.Methods 139 cases were divided into 3 groups:47 cases were given NRT (50 Gy/25 f/5 w) as group NRT,46 cases were given NCRT (Capox+ radiotherapy) as group NCRT,and the remaining 46 cases were treated with surgery alone as group S.Patients in 3 groups were followed-up for 3 years for the observation of the rates of anuspreserving and 3-year survival rates.Results Compared with the patients in group S,the rates of anuspreserving in group NRT and NCRT were significant improvement [74.47 ％ (35/47) and 73.91％ (34/46) vs 54.35 ％ (25/46)],(x2 =4.111,3.827; P=0.043,0.050).The 1,2,3-year survival rates of the 3 groups had no significantly different (P ＞0.05).However,the 1-year survival rates might be lower in group NRT and group NCRT than that in group S [87.23 ％ (41/47) and 88.89 ％ (40/45) vs 97.83 ％ (45/46)] (x2 =4.611,P =0.100).Conclusion NRT and NCRT can improve the rate of anus-preserving,but might not improve the 1,2,3-year survival rate,instead,the death rate may increase in the first year.
ABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the clinical experience of serious hyponatremia resulted from applying pitnitrin to massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract patients.Methods we used pitritrion on 2460 such patients and examined some symptoms of the digestive tract and nerve system,monitoring the dynamic state of blood sodium.Results The re- suits reveal that patients in 30 cases turned out to suffer from serious hyponatremia,whese sodium in the serum appeared less than 110 mmol/L,which was 1.22% of the rest subjects'.The relevant symptoms included nausea,vomit,spoor,coma and twitch etc.Following remedies included liquid supply with a high-concentrated sodium,ceasing using pituitrin,in- take of salute foods,and dynamic monitoring on the state of sodium in the serum.All patients recovered in 1 to 3 days without a single failure.Conclusion Thus we reach this conclusion:When applying pituitrin to massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract patients,the above mentioned symptoms should be closely examined,and blood sodium should be timely monitored so that proper treatment should arrive in time.