Research progress on endogenous small-molecule phenolics and the proposal of "phenolomics" / 药学学报

Small-molecule phenolic substances widely exist in animals and plants, and have some shared biological activities. The metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine in the human body, and especially the metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters, produces endogenous small-molecule phenols. Endogenous small-molecule phenolic substances are functionally related to the important physiological processes and the occurrence of mental diseases in humans and some animals, which are systematically sorts and summarized in this review. Integrating the previous experimental research and literature analysis on natural small-molecule phenols by our research group, the understanding of the hypothesis that "small-molecule phenol are pharmacological signal carriers" was deepened. Based on above, the concept of "phenolomics" was further proposed, analyzed the research direction and research content which can bring into the knowledge framework of phenolomics. The induction of phenolomics will provide wider perspectives on explaining the pharmacological mechanism of drugs, discovering new drug targets, and finding biomarkers of mental diseases.

Effect of menthol on hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of menthol on hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and explore the underlying mechanism in mice. Methods 10 to 12 weeks old wild type (WT) mice and TRPM8 gene knockout (TRPM8

High-quality acceleration of the Chinese national schistosomiasis elimination programme to advance the building of Healthy China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

The goal of achieving elimination of schistosomiasis across all endemic counties in China by 2030 was proposed in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. On June 16, 2023, the Action Plan to Accelerate the Elimination of Schistosomiasis in China (2023—2030) was jointly issued by National Disease Control and Prevention Administration and other 10 ministries, which deployed the targets and key tasks of the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China. This article describes the progress of the national schistosomiasis control programme, analyzes the opportunities to eliminate schistosomiasis, and proposes targeted recommendations to tackle the challenges of schistosomiasis elimination, so as to accelerate the process towards schistosomiasis elimination and facilitate the building of a healthy China.

Risk prediction models of dangerous behaviors among patients with severe mental disorder in community / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe occurrence rate of dangerous behaviors in patients with severe mental disorders is higher than that of the general population. In China， there is limited research on the prediction of dangerous behaviors in community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders， particularly in terms of predicting models using data mining techniques other than traditional methods. ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of dangerous behaviors in community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders and testing whether the classification decision tree model is superior to the Logistic regression model. MethodsA total of 11 484 community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders who had complete follow-up records from 2013 to 2022 were selected on December 2023. The data were divided into a training set （n=9 186） and a testing set （n=2 298） in an 8∶2 ratio. Logistic regression and classification decision trees were separately used to establish predictive models in the training set. Model discrimination and calibration were evaluated in the testing set. ResultsDuring the follow-up period， 1 115 cases （9.71%） exhibited dangerous behaviors. Logistic regression results showed that urban residence， poverty， guardianship， intellectual disability， history of dangerous behaviors， impaired insight and positive symptoms were risk factors for dangerous behaviors （OR=1.778， 1.459， 2.719， 1.483， 3.890， 1.423， 2.528， 2.124， P<0.01）. Being aged ≥60 years， educated， not requiring prescribed medication and having normal social functioning were protective factors for dangerous behaviors （OR=0.594， 0.824， 0.422， 0.719， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The predictive effect in the testing set showed an area under curve （AUC） of 0.729 （95% CI： 0.692~0.766）， accuracy of 70.97%， sensitivity of 59.71%， and specificity of 72.05%. The classification decision tree results showed that past dangerous situations， positive symptoms， overall social functioning score， economic status， insight， household registration， disability status and age were the influencing factors for dangerous behaviors. The predictive effect in the testing set showed an AUC of 0.721 （95% CI： 0.705~0.737）， accuracy of 68.28%， sensitivity of 64.46%， and specificity of 68.60%. ConclusionThe classification decision tree does not have a greater advantage over the logistic regression model in predicting the risk of dangerous behaviors in patients with severe mental disorders in the community. ［Funded by Chengdu Medical Research Project （number， 2020052）］

Ursolic acid in / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of ursolic acid in Hippophae rhamnoides L. on hepatocyte apoptosis in rats with alcoholic liver disease based on the mitochondria-cytochrome c pathway. Methods A total of 50 specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats were divided into normal control group, alcohol model group, and low-, middle-, and high-dose ursolic acid groups using a random number table, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the normal control group were given normal saline by gavage once a day for 8 weeks; the rats in the alcohol model group were given alcohol at increasing concentrations by gavage for 8 consecutive weeks; the rats in the low-, middle-, and high-dose ursolic acid groups were given ursolic acid at a dose of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, respectively, followed by an equal volume of alcohol as the model group 1 hour later. Serum liver function parameters were measured for each group; HE staining was used to observe liver histopathology; an electron microscope was used to observe hepatocyte ultrastructure; the TUNEL method was used to measure hepatocyte apoptosis; Western Blotting was used to measure the protein expression levels of cytochrome c and activated caspase-3 in hepatocyte mitochondria and cytoplasm. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the alcohol model group, the middle- and high-dose ursolic acid groups had significant reductions in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and cholinesterase (all P < 0.05). The rats in the alcohol model group had disordered arrangement of hepatic cords with marked hepatocyte edema and fatty degeneration, while those in the middle- and high- dose ursolic acid groups had basically normal arrangement of hepatic cords and a significant improvement in hepatocyte fatty degeneration, as well as a significant increase in the number of hepatocyte mitochondria and a significant improvement in morphology. Compared with the alcohol model group, the middle- and high-dose ursolic acid groups had significantly lower hepatocyte apoptosis rate and protein expression levels of cytochrome c and caspase-3 in cytoplasm (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Ursolic acid in Hippophae rhamnoides L. can improve the liver function and histomorphology of rats with alcoholic liver disease, possibly by inhibiting the release of cytochrome c in hepatocyte mitochondria, the activation of caspase-3, and the apoptosis of hepatocytes via the mitochondria-cytochrome c pathway.

Effect and mechanism of Reduning injection on influenza A virus / 药学学报

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Reduning injection (RI) on influenza A virus (IAV) and its mechanism. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of RI in A549 and MDCK cells by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Western blot and cytopathic effect (CPE) assays were applied to test the effects of RI on viral protein, CPE and virus virulence to evaluate its inhibitory effect. The proteins level of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), phosphorylation of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) were detected by Western blot. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the RNA expression of interferon-α/β (IFN-α/β). The relative luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the promoter activity and transcriptional regulation of Nrf2. The results indicated that RI inhibited IAV-induced MDCK cytopathies in a dose-dependent manner, decreased M2 protein of influenza virus and viral titer, indicating that it has definite effect on inhibiting IAV. RI promotes the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and ERK1/2, activates the activity of Nrf2 nuclear transcription factor, increases the expression of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus, thus up-regulates the expression of HO-1 protein, and ultimately increases the IFN-α/β mRNA level. In summary, our results demonstrated that RI inhibits the replication of IAV by activating MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, revealing a new mechanism of RI against influenza virus, and providing theoretical basis for clinical treatment of influenza virus.

Dl-3-N-butylphthalide alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by down-regulating NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibiting cell pyroptosis in rat models / 器官移植

Objective To elucidate the mechanism of dl-3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat models. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (Sham group), model group (IRI group), NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate group (PDTC group), low-dose NBP group (NBP-L group) and high-dose NBP group (NBP-H group), with 8 rats in each group. Serum creatinine (Scr), serum cystatin C(Cys-C), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels were detected in all groups. Pathological injury of renal tissues in each group was observed by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression levels of inflammatory factors and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and cell pyroptosis-related proteins in renal tissues were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with the Sham group, renal tissue injury was more severe, and the levels of Scr, Cys-C, BUN and serum IL-1β and IL-18 were all up-regulated in the IRI group. Western blot showed that the relative expression levels of NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP3), Gasdermin D(GSDMD), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase)-1, IL-18, IL-1β, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 proteins were all up-regulated, and immunohistochemical staining revealed that the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65, IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3 proteins were all up-regulated in the IRI group. Compared with the IRI group, renal tissue injury was alleviated, and the levels of Scr, Cys-C, BUN and serum IL-18 and IL-1β were down-regulated in the PDTC, NBP-L and NBP-H groups. Western blot showed that the expression levels of NLRP3, GSDMD, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 proteins were down-regulated, and immunohistochemical staining indicated that the expression levels of NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3 proteins were down-regulated in the PDTC, NBP-L and NBP-H groups, respectively. Compared with the NBP-L group, renal tissue injury was mitigated, and the levels of Scr, Cys-C, BUN, serum IL-18 and IL-1β were all down-regulated in the NBP-H group. Western blot showed the expression levels of NLRP3, GSDMD, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 proteins were down-regulated in the NBP-H group. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the expression levels of NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3 proteins were down-regulated in the NBP-H group. Conclusions NBP may down-regulate the activity of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and reduce the expression levels of cell pyroptosis-related proteins and inflammatory factors after renal IRI, thereby suppressing cell pyroptosis and alleviating renal IRI.

Application of similar drug dispensing mode in drug dispensing management / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for improving the dispensing accuracy of similar drugs and reducing dispensing error risk through exploring the dispensing mode of similar drugs. METHODS The effectiveness and feasibility of the similar drug dispensing management mode was explored through adjusting the traditional horizontal or vertical sorting method to a “Z” shaped cargo location sorting， implementing similar drug in different zones dispensed by different people， and combining measures such as adjusting the format of drug dispensing documents and improving inventory methods. The role of similar drug dispensing mode in drug dispensing management was evaluated comprehensively from two aspects： work quality and work efficiency. RESULTS After the implementation of similar drug dispensing mode， total number of monthly dispensing errors （18.42±8.79 vs. 28.50±6.87，P= 0.005） and the proportion of monthly dispensing errors of similar drugs （[ 4.17±5.71）% vs. （10.96±7.05）%，P＝0.017] were significantly lower than before the implementation； the monthly consistency rate between accounts and materials （[ 98.46±0.73）% vs. （97.61±0.57）%， P＝0.004] was significantly higher than before implementation； completion time of dispensing in each batch was not significantly affected， and daily work was carried out smoothly and orderly. CONCLUSIONS The similar drug dispensing mode has a significant effect in improving the accuracy of dispensing similar drugs， reducing the risk of dispensing errors， and does not affect the efficiency of dispensing work.

Research progress on cold ischemia injury of steatotic donor livers / 器官移植

Liver transplantation is a vital treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of donor livers has limited the development of liver transplantation. How to expand the source of donor livers has become a challenge in the academic community. In recent years, the proportion of donors with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increased. Rational use of steatotic donor livers is a feasible approach to expand the donor pool. Cold ischemia injury during donor liver preservation before liver transplantation increases the risk of postoperative organ dysfunction. Therefore, it is of significance to unravel the mechanism and intervention measures of cold ischemia injury of steatotic donor livers. Cold ischemia injury of steatotic donor livers is characterized as the damage of mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum at the organelle level, and up-regulated expression of adenosine monphosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 at the protein level. In this article, the research progresses on cold ischemia injury of steatotic donor livers and relevant intervention measures were reviewed.

Relationship between social short form video usage and mental health related behaviors among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the impact of social short form videos on the health of college students, and to provide a basis for health education.@*Methods@#A total of 1 369 college students in 5 universities from Songjiang University Town in Shanghai, participated in this study. A cluster sampling method was employed and questionnaires were designed using a short video social media dependence scale and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90). Data were analyzed and processed by independent sample t test.@*Results@#Participants who were dependent on social short form videos accounted for 31.99%, and significant differences in mental and physical health were found between participants who were dependent on short video use and those who were not dependent. Among short video use dependents, scores corresponding to negative mental health symptoms, such as anxiety (1.73±0.67), were higher than those in the non dependent group (1.64±0.42). Furthermore, scores corresponding to smoking, drinking, eating sweet food (1.88±0.40, 1.91±0.32, 2.15±0.51) and other physiological health factors were higher in the dependent group than the non dependent group (1.70±0.33, 1.79±0.29, 1.54±0.47)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The use of short video social media platforms has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of college students. It is suggested that the critical ability of short video media through psychological counseling, strengthen the check ability of short video social media platforms, so as to help college students to develop coping strategies to diminish their dependence on short video social media.

Efficacy and safety of peginterferon-α2b for treatment of myeloproliterative neoplasms / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of peginterferon-α2b for treatment of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the data of 107 patients with MPN, including 95 with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and 12 with polycythemia vera (PV), who all received peginterferon-α2b treatment for at least 12 months. The clnical and follow-up data of the patients were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of the treatment.@*RESULTS@#After receiving peginterferon- α2b treatment, both ET and PV patients achieved high hematological remission rates, and the total remission rates did not differ significantly between the two groups (86% vs 78%, P>0.05). In the overall patients, the spleen index decreased by 13.5% (95%CI: 8.5%-18.5%) after the treatment. The patients with hematological remission showed a significantly greater reduction of the total symptom score than those without hematological remission (P < 0.01). The median percentage of JAK2V617F allele load of PV patients decreased from 67.23% (49.6%-84.86%) at baseline to 19.7% (0.57%-74.6%) after the treatment, and that of JAK2V617F-positive ET patients decreased from 48.97% (0.45%-74.24%) at baseline to 22.1% (0.33%-65.42%) after the treatment. Mild adverse reactions (grade 1-2) were observed in both ET and PV groups without significant differences between them. The overall incidence of thrombotic events during the treatment was 2.8% in these patients, and no serious adverse reactions were observed.@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with chronic myelodysplasia, peginterferon-α2b treatment can achieve a high peripheral blood cell remission rate and maintain a long-term stable state with good effect in relieving symptoms such as splenomegaly. Peginterferon- α2b treatment caused only mild adverse reactions, which can be tolerated by most of the patients.

Interpretation of the essential updates in guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (Version 2022) / 中华肝脏病杂志

Chinese Society of Hepatology and Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association update the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (version 2022) in 2022. The latest guidelines recommend more extensive screening and more active antiviral treating for hepatitis B virus infection. This article interprets the essential updates in the guidelines to help deepen understanding and better guide the clinical practice.

Determination of 22 phospholipids in serum by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 22 phospholipids in serum. Methods: In September 2022, Using synthetic non endogenous phospholipids as internal standard, phospholipids in serum were extracted by methanol-dichloromethane (2∶1, V/V) protein precipitation method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH shield RP18 column, and the mobile phase was methanol/water (5∶95, V/V) containing 10 mM ammonium formate and methanol. Detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode with ion mode switching. And the method was applied by analyzing phospholipids in the serum of coal workers' pneumoconiosis patients. Results: The 22 phospholipids showed good linear relationships in their respective concentration ranges and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.990. The spiked recoveries of the 22 phospholipids were 81.03%-121.63% at the three spiked levels. The intra-assay were less than 14.52%, and the inter-assay were less than 15.00%. Conclusion: The method with the advantages of simplicity, stability and high sensitivity, and it can be used for the analysis of phospholipids in serum.

Development and validation of a prognostic prediction model for patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ colon cancer incorporating high-risk pathological features / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To examine a predictive model that incorporating high risk pathological factors for the prognosis of stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ colon cancer. Methods: This study retrospectively collected clinicopathological information and survival outcomes of stage Ⅰ~Ⅲ colon cancer patients who underwent curative surgery in 7 tertiary hospitals in China from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. A total of 1 650 patients were enrolled, aged (M(IQR)) 62 (18)years (range: 14 to 100). There were 963 males and 687 females. The median follow-up period was 51 months. The Cox proportional hazardous regression model was utilized to select high-risk pathological factors, establish the nomogram and scoring system. The Bootstrap resampling method was utilized for internal validation of the model, the concordance index (C-index) was used to assess discrimination and calibration curves were presented to assess model calibration. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves after risk grouping, and Cox regression was used to compare disease-free survival between subgroups. Results: Age (HR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.008 to 1.033,P=0.001), T stage (T3:HR=1.995,95%CI:1.062 to 3.750,P=0.032;T4:HR=4.196, 95%CI: 2.188 to 8.045, P<0.01), N stage (N1: HR=1.834, 95%CI: 1.307 to 2.574, P<0.01; N2: HR=3.970, 95%CI: 2.724 to 5.787, P<0.01) and number of lymph nodes examined (≥36: HR=0.438, 95%CI: 0.242 to 0.790, P=0.006) were independently associated with disease-free survival. The C-index of the scoring model (model 1) based on age, T stage, N stage, and dichotomous variables of the lymph nodes examined (<12 and ≥12) was 0.723, and the C-index of the scoring model (model 2) based on age, T stage, N stage, and multi-categorical variables of the lymph nodes examined (<12, 12 to <24, 24 to <36, and ≥36) was 0.726. A scoring system was established based on age, T stage, N stage, and multi-categorical variables of lymph nodes examined, the 3-year DFS of the low-risk (≤1), middle-risk (2 to 4) and high-risk (≥5) group were 96.3%(n=711), 89.0%(n=626) and 71.4%(n=313), respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed among groups (P<0.01). Conclusions: The number of lymph nodes examined was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival after curative surgery in patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ colon cancer. Incorporating the number of lymph nodes examined as a multi-categorical variable into the T and N staging system could improve prognostic predictive validity.

Long-term outcome of EVAHEART I implantable ventricular assist device for the treatment of end stage heart failure: clinical 3-year follow-up results of 15 cases / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the implantable ventricular assist system EVAHEART I in clinical use. Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients with end-stage heart failure who received left ventricular assist device therapy in Fuwai Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study, their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Cardiac function, liver and kidney function, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, 6-minute walk distance and quality of life were evaluated before implantation and at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after device implantation. Drive cable infection, hemolysis, cerebrovascular events, mechanical failure, abnormally high-power consumption and abnormal pump flow were recorded during follow up. Results: All 15 patients were male, mean average age was (43.0±7.5) years, including 11 cases of dilated cardiomyopathy, 2 cases of ischemic cardiomyopathy, and 2 cases of valvular heart disease. All patients were hemodynamically stable on more than one intravenous vasoactive drugs, and 3 patients were supported by preoperative intra aortic balloon pump (IABP). Compared with before device implantation, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was significantly decreased ((80.93±6.69) mm vs. (63.73±6.31) mm, P<0.05), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), total bilirubin and creatinine were also significantly decreased ((3 544.85±1 723.77) ng/L vs. (770.80±406.39) ng/L; (21.28±10.51) μmol/L vs. (17.39±7.68) μmol/L; (95.82±34.88) μmol/L vs. (77.32±43.81) μmol/L; P<0.05) at 1 week after device implantation. All patients in this group were in NYHA class Ⅳ before implantation, and 9 patients could recover to NYHA class Ⅲ, 3 to class Ⅱ, and 3 to class Ⅰ at 1 month after operation. All patients recovered to class Ⅰ-Ⅱ at 6 months after operation. The 6-minute walk distance, total quality of life and visual analogue scale were significantly increased and improved at 1 month after implantation compared with those before operation (P<0.05). All patients were implanted with EVAHEART I at speeds between 1 700-1 950 rpm, flow rates between 3.2-4.5 L/min, power consumption of 3-9 W. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 100%, 87%, and 80%, respectively. Three patients died of multiple organ failure at 412, 610, and 872 d after surgery, respectively. During long-term device carrying, 3 patients developed drive cable infection on 170, 220, and 475 d after surgery, respectively, and were cured by dressing change. One patient underwent heart transplantation at 155 d after surgery due to bacteremia. Three patients developed transient ischemic attack and 1 patient developed hemorrhagic stroke events, all cured without sequelae. Conclusion: EVAHEART I implantable left heart assist system can effectively treat critically ill patients with end-stage heart failure, can be carried for long-term life and significantly improve the survival rate, with clear clinical efficacy.

RNA Modification in Carcinogenesis and Development of Gastric Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

The occurrence of gastric cancer is closely related to environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Currently, RNA modification is a research frontier and hotspot in the field of epigenetics. With the advancements in analytical chemistry and high-throughput sequencing technologies, new technologies and methods of exploring RNA modification are constantly being presented. Numerous studies have confirmed the involvement of RNA modifications in the occurrence and development of various diseases. Recent studies have shown that RNA modifications such as m6A, m5C, and ac4C regulate the malignant progression of various tumors, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia. This article systematically reviews the research status and mechanism of different RNA modifications in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, as well as discusses its potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Five SARS-CoV-2 Variants and T Lymphocyte Change after Vaccine Breakthrough Infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant in Tianjin, China: A Prospective Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could create a strong immunity barrier.@*METHODS@#Blood samples were collected at two different time points from 124 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infected patients and 124 controls matched for age, gender, and vaccination profile. Live virus-neutralizing antibodies against five SARS-CoV-2 variants, including WT, Gamma, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, and T-lymphocyte lymphocyte counts in both groups were measured and statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The neutralizing antibody titers against five different variants of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly increased in the vaccinated population infected with the Omicron BA.1 variant at 3 months after infection, but mainly increased the antibody level against the WT strain, and the antibody against the Omicron strain was the lowest. The neutralizing antibody level decreased rapidly 6 months after infection. The T-lymphocyte cell counts of patients with mild and moderate disease recovered at 3 months and completely returned to the normal state at 6 months.@*CONCLUSION@#Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection mainly evoked humoral immune memory in the original strain after vaccination and hardly produced neutralizing antibodies specific to Omicron BA.1. Neutralizing antibodies against the different strains declined rapidly and showed features similar to those of influenza. Thus, T-lymphocytes may play an important role in recovery.

The rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture and moxibustion for aphasia based on data mining / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the rules of acupoint selection for aphasia treated with acupuncture and moxibustion using data mining technology.@*METHODS@#From January 1, 2000 to April 1, 2022, the articles for clinical researches of acupuncture and moxibustion for aphasia published in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase were searched. Using Microsoft Excel 2021, the database was set up to analyze the use frequency of acupoint, meridian tropism, acupoint distribution and the use of specific points. SPSS26.0 was adopted for factor analysis, SPSS Modeler 18.0 was for association rule analysis of prescriptions, and Gephi 0.9.5 was to plot the co-occurrence network diagrams of acupoints and meridians.@*RESULTS@#A total of 140 articles were collated, including 146 acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions and 189 acupoints. The total use frequency of these acupoints was 1 211. Lianquan (CV 23), Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13), Baihui (GV 20) and Yamen (GV 15) were the top 5 acupoints of the high use frequency for aphasia treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. Among 189 acupoints collected, the extra points and empirical points were mostly selected. The top 3 involved meridians were the governor vessel, the gallbladder meridian of foot-shaoyang and the conception vessel. These acupoints were mostly distributed on the head, face and neck region. The use frequency of five-shu points was the highest among the specific points. The acupoint combinations of high frequency referred to Yuye (EX-HN 13)-Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13)-Lianquan (CV 23)-Jinjin (EX-HN 12), and Fengchi (GB 20)-Yuye (EX-HN 13)-Jinjin (EX-HN 12). Factor analysis extracted 10 common factors for acupoint compatibility in treatment of aphasia with acupuncture and moxibustion.@*CONCLUSION@#In clinical treatment of aphasia with acupuncture and moxibustion, the local acupoints are preferred. The core acupoints include Lianquan (CV 23), Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13), Baihui (GV 20) and Yamen (GV 15). The acupoint prescription is modified flexibly according to syndrome differentiation to enhance the therapeutic effect.

Risk factors and prognosis of acute cerebrovascular events at 1 year after hip fracture in elderly patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate risk factors of acute cerebrovascular events and effects on the prognosis within 1 year after hip fracture surgery.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 320 elderly patients with hip fracture treated from July 2017 to December 2020, including 111 males and 209 females, aged from 60 to 101 years old with an average of (79.05±8.48) years old. According to whether acute cerebrovascular events occurred within 1 year after surgery, patients were divided into cerebrovascular events and non-cerebrovascular events group. Clinical data of patients were collected, including age, sex, comorbidities, fracture type, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, albumin, activities of daily living (ADL) score, walking ability, type of anesthesia, type of surgery, and length of hospital stay, Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent risk factors of acute cerebrovascular events within 1 year after hip fracture in elderly patients. ADL, walking ability and mortality were compared between the two groups 1 year after surgery.@*RESULTS@#Acute cerebrovascular events occurred in 38 patients (11.9%) within 1 year after surgery. In the cerebrovascular events group, there were 20 males and 18 females, aged (82.53±7.91) years. In the non-cerebrovascular event group, there were 91 males and 191 females, aged with an average of (78.59±8.46) years old . Univariate analysis showed that acute cerebrovascular events were associated with age (t=2.712, P=0.007), male (χ2=6.129, P=0.013), hypertension (χ2=8.449, P=0.004), arrhythmia (χ2=6.360, P=0.012), stroke history (χ2=34.887, P=0.000), diabetes mellitus (χ2=4.574, P=0.032) and length of hospital stay (t=2.249, P=0.025) were closely related. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed age (OR=1.068, P=0.018), male (OR=2.875, P=0.008), arrhythmia (OR=2.722, P=0.017) and stroke history (OR=7.382, P=0.000) was an independent risk factor for acute cerebrovascular events 1 year after surgery. The patients with cerebrovascular events died at 1 year after surgery (11 cases) compared with those without cerebrovascular events (41 cases), and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=5.108, P=0.024). ADL scores of patients with cerebrovascular events at 1 year after operation were (58.70±14.45) points compared with those without cerebrovascular events (67.83±10.45) points, and the difference was statistically significant(t=4.122, P=0.000). Independent walking, assisted walking and bed rest were 3, 17 and 7 cases in cerebrovascular event group, and 54, 174 and 13 cases in non-cerebrovascular event group, respectively;and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=11.030, P=0.003).@*CONCLUSION@#Acute cerebrovascular events were common in elderly patients 1 year after hip fracture. Age, male, arrhythmia and stroke history were independent risk factors for acute stroke. The patients in the cerebrovascular event group had higher mortality and worse self-care ability and walking ability one year after operation.

Short-term efficacy of digitally-assisted traditional Chinese medicine manual reduction combined with 3D printed splint in the treatment of AO type-A distal radius fractures / 中国骨伤

Objective To explore the short-term efficacy of digitally-assisted traditional Chinese medicine manual reduction combined with 3D printed splint in the treatment of AO type-A distal radius fractures, and explore the quantification of traditional Chinese medicine manual reduction and personalized improvement of splinting. Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with AO type-A distal radius fractures, who received treatment at the outpatient department of Cangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital in Hebei Province, were retrospective analyzed. The patient cohort included 22 females and 28 males, with ages ranging from 25 to 75 years old. Among them, 27 cases presented with distal radius fractures on the left side, and 24 cases on the right side. The patients were categorized into two groups: treatment group (n=25) and control group(n=25). There were 13 males and 12 females in the treatment group, with an average age of (56.2±5.5) years old. Treatment approach for this group involved several steps. Initially, Mimics Research software was used to conduct comprehensive analysis of complete CT data from the affected limb, resulting in the creation of a three-dimensional model. Subsequently, 3D models of the bones and skin contours, stored as STL format files, were imported into the Materialise Magics 23.0 software for model processing and repair. This facilitated the simulation of reduction and recording of displacement data, effectively generating a "digital prescription" to guide and quantify traditional Chinese medicine manipulation procedures. Finally, a personalized 3D printed splint was applied for fixation treatment. There were 15 males and 10 females in the control group, with an average age of (53.32±5.28) years old. These patients were treated with manualreduction combined with traditional splinting. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was assessed in terms of fracture reduction quality, fracture healing time, Gartland-Werley wrist joint score and X-ray parameters (palminclination angle, ulnar deviation angle, radius height) at 6 weeks post-operatively. Results The treatment group exhibited a shorter duration for achieving clinical healing compared to the control group (P<0.05). Six weeks post-operatively, the treatment group demonstrated higher wrist joint function scores, and a higher proportion of excellent and good outcomes than the control group(P<0.05). The treatment group was superior to the control group in terms of imaging parameters 6 weeks post-operatively (P<0.05). Conclusion By quantifying skin contours through digital simulation prescription reduction, a personalized 3D printed splint is developed to effectively stabilize fractures, enhancing localized fixation while ensuring greater adherence, stability, and comfort. This innovative approach offers personalized treatment for AO type-A distal radius fractures and presents a novel, precise treatment strategy for consideration.