Health status of photovoltaic module production workers in Shanghai / 环境与职业医学

Background Photovoltaic (PV) cells can convert solar energy into electricity and alleviate the dilemma of energy supply shortage. Shanghai's PV module industry is booming, but there are few reports on the health status of the workers and there is an urgent need for health risk assessment. Objective To evaluate the health status of PV module production workers and the association between work and health status, in order to provide a direction for the health management of the workers. Methods Among the PV module production workers who completed prescriptive occupational health examination by a designated medical institution in 2021, 2453 workers with more than one year of working age were selected as the exposure group and 538 newly hired workers as the control group. On the basis of the Technical specifications for occupational health surveillance (GBZ 188−2014), the health examination included physical examination and laboratory examination and information such as sociodemographics, living habits, and disease history. We compared the indicators of pure-tone hearing test, blood routine examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), liver function, and kidney function between the two groups. The blood routine results included erythrocyte-related indicators, leukocyte-related indicators, and platelet-related indicators, and the results of liver function included hepatocyte injury indicators, hepatic secretory function indicators, and hepatic synthesis function indicators. The workers were divided into four groups by quartiles of working age. Trend chi-square test was used to analyze differences in health status between the four working age groups. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between working age and health indicators. Results Among the exposure group workers, 2035 (83.0%) were male and 418 (17.0%) were female. The median (P25, P75) age was 34.0 (30.0, 39.0) years and the median (P25, P75) working age was 6.0 (3.0, 10.0) years. The abnormality rate of blood routine was 61.7%. Among them, the abnormality rates of platelet-related indicators and liver secretory function indicators were 39.8% and 48.1% respectively. The risks of abnormal hepatocyte injury-related indicators, fatty liver, and platelet-related indicator abnormalities among the exposure group were 1.471 (95%CI: 1.060, 2.054), 1.691 (95%CI: 1.208, 2.385), and 7.576 (95%CI: 4.967, 11.994) times higher than those in the control group respectively. The single-factor analysis demonstrated a positively linear trend between working age and hypertension prevalence, electrical audiometry abnormality rate, or liver secretory function indicator abnormality rate. Corrected for gender, age, smoking status, hypertension, etc., the results of logistic analysis showed that quartile working age was positively related to abnormal liver secretion function and abnormal platelet-related indicators respectively (OR=1.047, P=0.005; OR=1.037, P=0.014), and inversely associated with the abnormal rate of renal function (OR=0.953, P=0.044). Conclusion Negative associations between health status and working age are identified in PV module production workers. The target PV module production employees are in younger age, and with the increase of working age, the abnormalities of liver function and platelets may increase. Therefore, the enterprises should extend occupational health work from workplace to workers.

Research progress on the relationship between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases / 中华预防医学杂志

Different autoantibodies can be detected in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is reported that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection could induce autoimmune diseases (AID), including children's multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS), Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and thyroid autoimmune diseases. This article mainly reviews the similarities between COVID-19 and AID, the possibility of COVID-19 inducing AID, the risk of AID patients infected or vaccinated against COVID-19. The purpose is to provide strategies for the prevention, management and treatment of AID during the epidemic.

Introduction to revision of Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance / 中国职业医学

To revise GBZ 188 Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance based on national laws, regulations, standards, specifications and legal documents of occupational disease, and combination with the actual situation in China. The main modifications are as follows: the occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to toluene (xylene may implement by reference), bromopropane, methyl iodide, ethylene oxide, chloroacetic acid, indium and its compounds, coal tar, coal tarasphalt, asphalt, β-naphthylamine, dust of metal and its compounds(tin, iron, antimony, barium and its compounds), hard metal dust, erionite dust, low temperature, laser, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, and human immunodeficiency virus, for scraper or grind operators, and underground workers using squatting or kneeling position, crawling position, side-lying position, or shoulder position for a long period of time are included. The emergency health screening for workers exposed to arsenic, fluorine and its inorganic compounds, and acrylamide are included. The occupational medical examination (OME) for workers exposed to amino and nitro compounds of benzene, phosgene, monomethylamine, organic fluorine and dimethyl sulfate has been adjusted and made mandatory, with corresponding assessments required upon leaving the job. The special occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis and hepatitis virus is removed. The OME conclusion of reexamination is removed, and standardize recheck/additional inspection requirements. The optional items in OME performed before, during and after leaving post are removed, but the optional items in emergency medical examination are retained. Additional OME items are added. The Guideline for OME Summary Reports is added as informative appendix, and so on. The revised GBZ 188 Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance is more scientific and practical.

Effect of CXCR4 on the Treatment Response and Prognosis of Carfilzomib in Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of CXCR4 on the treatment response and prognosis of Carfilzomib (CFZ) in multiple myeloma.@*METHODS@#Dataset GSE69078 based on microarray data from two CFZ-resistant MM cell lines and their corresponding parental cell lines (KMS11-KMS11/CFZ and KMS34-KMS34/CFZ) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to identify the key genes involved in CFZ resistance acquisition. Finally, the prognostic roles of the CFZ risistance key genes in MM using MMRF-CoMMpass data study was verified.@*RESULTS@#44 up-regulated and 46 down-regulated DEGs were identified. Top 10 hub genes (CCND1, CXCR4, HGF, PECAM1, ID1, HEY1, TCF4, HIST1H4J, HIST1H2BD and HIST1H2BH) were identified via Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The CoMMpass data showed that high CXCR4 expression showed correlation to relative higher relapse and progress rates and the overall survival was significant decreased in high CXCR4 patients (P=0.013).@*CONCLUSION@#CXCR4 perhaps plays a crucial role in CFZ acquired resistance, which might help identifying potential CFZ-sensitive patients before treatment and providing a new therapeutic target in CFZ-resistant MM.

Effect of gender difference on antigen induced Sjogren's syndrome model in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of gender differences in C57BL / 6J mice on antigen induced Sjogren's syndrome(SS)model. Methods The submandibular gland protein of C57BL/6J female and male mice was extracted and mixed with the same amount of Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA)for the first three times, the antigen concentration was adjusted to 2.5 g·L-1, mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant(FIA)for the fourth time, and the same-sex mouse antigen was injected into the back of mice for a total of four times to induce the mouse SS model. The mouse SS model was induced by multi-point intradermal injection of antigen on the back of mice for four times,the body weight of female and male mice was measured every week, the general condition was observed, the saliva volume of mice was measured at the sixth week of modeling. After the mice were sacrificed, the pathological changes of submandibular gland and the changes of T and B lymphocyte subsets in spleen were detected, and the differences in SS model preparation between female and male mice were compared. Results The SS model of male and female mice was successfully established, and there was no significant difference in general condition, saliva volume, submandibular gland pathology, plasma cells and memory B cells between male and female SS mice. The success rate of SS model was 75% in female mice and 60% in male mice. Compared with normal mice of the same sex, the weight loss of female SS mice was earlier and more obvious than that of male SS mice; the submandibular gland index of male mice was significantly higher than that of female mice. Compared with normal mice of the same sex, the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells in spleen of female SS mice was more statistically significant than that of male SS mice. Conclusions The success rate of SS modeling in female mice is higher than that in male mice. Compared with male SS mice, female SS mice have more significant SS like manifestations and pathological manifestations, which can provide a reference basis for the selection of gender when establishing SS model.

3D-FLAIR MRI findings in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and the correlations with clinical features and prognosis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the correlations of different appearances of labyrinthine 3D-FLAIR MRI with clinical features and prognosis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Methods: Clinical data of patients with unilateral ISSNHL hospitalized from May 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of 3D-FLAIR MRI, the patients were divided into three groups including hyperintense with absorption, hyperintense without absorption and normal. The differences and correlations among the three groups in clinical characteristics (gender, age, deafness side, duration, treatment days, dizziness/vertigo, basic diseases, vestibular function, deafness classification and typing) and prognosis were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results: Data were collected from 1 245 cases, including 739 (59.36%) with normal signal, 288 (23.13%) hyperintense without absorption, and 218 (17.51%) hyperintense with absorption. The side ratio, treatment days, dizziness/vertigo incidence, vestibular dysfunction, deafness classification and typing were different among the three groups (P<0.001). The incidence of right side was significantly higher in both the hyperintense with and without absorption groups than that in the normal. The vestibular dysfunction was more common in the hyperintense with absorption group than in the normal and hyperintense without absorption groups. It showed statistical differences in the dizziness/vertigo incidence, deafness classification, treatment days, and deafness typing compared between groups, which was the most significant in the hyperintense with absorption group, followed by the hyperintense without absorption group. There was no statistical difference in the total effective rate among the three groups (P=0.139), whereas a significant difference in the recovery rate (P<0.001). The prognosis was significantly correlated with duration, age, treatment days and dizziness/vertigo in the normal group (all P<0.001), correlated with duration and treatment days in the hyperintense with absorption group (both P<0.001), only correlated with the duration in the hyperintense without absorption group (P<0.001). Conclusion: 3D-FLAIR MRI manifestation is closely related to the clinical features and efficacy of ISSNHL. It is helpful to clarify the pathology of inner ear, which is expected to be a new imaging indicator for disease evaluation.

Progress of molecular pathological typing of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by heterogeneity with respect to morphology, immune phenotype, molecular pathogenesis, clinical presentation and prognosis. With the development of genome and transcriptome sequencing, DLBCL was classified as four subtypes (EZB, BN2, MCD, and N1) or five subtypes (C1-C5). The new molecular pathological typing has a deeper understanding of DLBCL from the levels of genes and molecules which makes the judgment of prognosis more accurate and specific, and it is conducive to the clinical screening of more accurate targeted therapy.

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody predicts the development of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with undifferentiated arthritis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Clinical outcomes of undifferentiated arthritis (UA) are diverse, and only 40% of patients with UA develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after 3 years. Discovering predictive markers at disease onset for further intervention is critical. Therefore, our objective was to analyze the clinical outcomes of UA and ascertain the predictors for RA development.@*METHODS@#We performed a prospective, multi-center study from January 2013 to October 2016 among Chinese patients diagnosed with UA in 22 tertiary-care hospitals. Clinical and serological parameters were obtained at recruitment. Follow-up was undertaken in all patients every 12 weeks for 2 years. Predictive factors of disease progression were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.@*RESULTS@#A total of 234 patients were recruited in this study, and 17 (7.3%) patients failed to follow up during the study. Among the 217 patients who completed the study, 83 (38.2%) patients went into remission. UA patients who developed RA had a higher rheumatoid factor (RF)-positivity (42.9% vs. 16.8%, χ = 8.228, P = 0.008), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody-positivity (66.7% vs. 10.7%, χ = 43.897, P < 0.001), and double-positivity rate of RF and anti-CCP antibody (38.1% vs. 4.1%, χ = 32.131, P < 0.001) than those who did not. Anti-CCP antibody but not RF was an independent predictor for RA development (hazard ratio 18.017, 95% confidence interval: 5.803-55.938; P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#As an independent predictor of RA, anti-CCP antibody should be tested at disease onset in all patients with UA.

Cloning and expression of SmDXS2 gene in Swertia mussotii / 中国中药杂志

1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase2(DXS2) is the first key enzyme of the MEP pathway,which plays an important role in terpene biosynthesis of plants. According to the data of Swertia mussotii transcriptome, DXS2 gene(Gen Bank number MH535905) was cloned and named as Sm DXS2. The bioinformatics results showed that Sm DXS2 has no intron,with a 2 145 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 714 amino acids. They are belonging to 20 kinds of amino acids,and the most abundant amino acids include Ala,Gly and Trp. The predicted protein molecular weight was 76. 91 k Da and its theoretical isoelectric point(p I) was6. 5,which belonging to a hydrophilic protein. α-Helix and loop were the major motifs of predicted secondary structure of DXS2. The three function domains are TPP＿superfamily,Transket＿pyr＿ superfamily and Transketolase＿C superfamily,respectively. The Sm DXS2 protein shared high identity with other DXS2 proteins of plants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Sm DXS2 protein is grouped with the gentian DXS2 protein. The recombinant protein of Sm DXS2 gene in Escherichia coli was approximately 92. 00 k Da(containing sumo-His tag protein 13 k Da),which was consistent with the anticipated size.This work will provide a foundation for further functional research of Sm DXS2 protein and increasing the product of iridoid compound by genetic engineering in S. mussotii.

Development of portable device for wound perfusion and negative-pressure therapy / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a portable device for wound perfusion and negative-pressure therapy to solve the problem of the existing one.Methods The device used a unified waste liquid tank/liquid reservoir as the infrastructure,and had its reservoir and waste liquid bags made of flexible materials.Dynamic isolation between the reservoir bag and waste liquid bag was realized by a separator.Wound perfusion was implemented by the gravity of the waste liquid and the elastic force of the spring, and negative-pressure therapy was carried out by the elastic force and vacuum pump. The SCM regulated the switching of the electromagnetic valve according to the information from the flow meter and pressure sensor so as to perform quantitative wound perfusion, stable negative-pressure therapy and switching between the functions of perfusion and negative-pressure therapy.Results The device volume was decreased by regulating dynamically the sizes of reservoir and waste liquid bags,and the power consumption was also reduced by using liquid gravity and spring force. Conclusion The wound perfusion and negative-pressure therapy device gains advantage over the existing one in portability, and thus is of significance for promoting the technology of wound perfusion and negative-pressure therapy.

Significance of ocular surface interferometer in the diagnosis of Meibomian gland dysfunction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To investigate the significance of ocular surface interferometer in the diagnosis of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). ·METHODS: Prospective case-control studies. Totally 62 patients with MGD and 38 healthy volunteers were selected in Peking University Third Hospital from October to November in 2017. All subjects of both groups were examined respectively for Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire ( OSDI ), slit - lamp anterior segment check, the eye surface interferometer inspection, and break up time. Independent sample t- test and chi-square test were used for comparison between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used in the group of patients with MGD. ·RESULTS: In both groups, there were changes on the morphology of the eyelid, and the lesions were different. The score of OSDI, the discharge ability and the loss score of the MGD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05). However, the lipid layer thickness (LLT) was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in BUT, the proportion of incomplete blink time, the score of Meibomian gland orifice and the quality score of the Meibomian gland discharge ability between the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). The Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the negative correlation between LLT and the OSDI questionnaire score (rs= -0. 730, P<0. 01), LLT and the Meibomian gland orifice (rs=-0. 639, P<0. 01), LLT and the loss of Meibomian gland (rs=-4. 15, P=0. 001); however, the positive correlation was shown between the loss of Meibomian gland and the OSDI questionnaire score (rs=0. 790, P<0. 01). · CONCLUSION: Meibomian gland dysfunction symptoms and signs significantly correlates with LLT, loss of Meibomian gland detected by ocular surface interferometer, so ocular surface interferometer can be used for rapid, noninvasive and objective diagnosis of Meibomian gland dysfunction and assess the stage of disease progression.

Minimally invasive sinus tarsal approach versus conventional L-shaped lateral approach in treating calcaneal fractures: a Meta-analysis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare efficacy and safety of minimally invasive sinus tarsal approach versus conventional L-shaped lateral approach in treating calcaneal fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The studies concerning about randomized controlled trial and non-randomized controlled trial of minimally invasive sinus tarsal approach versus conventional L-shaped lateral approach in treating calcaneal fractures from the time of creating database to March, 2017 were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMbase, ISI Web of Knowledge databases, VIP, CNKI, CBM and Wan Fang. The literatures which screened by randomized controlled trial and non- randomized controlled trial were extracted and performed quality assessment by two people. Meta analysis were performed by RevMan 5.3 software and GRADE system were used to evaluate quality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four randomized controlled trial and 4 non-randomized controlled trial were included, totally 493 patients. Meta-analysis results showed compared with conventional L-shaped lateral approach, minimally invasive sinus tarsal approach had shorter operative time [MD=-5.41, 95%CI(-6.71, -4.12),<0.000 01], lower incidence of postoperative complications[OR=0.10, 95%CI(0.05, 0.21),<0.000 01], and higher AOFAS score [MD=-3.09, 95%CI(-1.72, 4.46),<0.000 01] at the final follow-up. Böhler angle in conventional L-shaped lateral approach was better than that of minimally invasive sinus tarsal approach [MD=-0.80, 95%CI(-1.45, -0.14),<0.05]. While there were no significant differences in postoperative Gissanes angle [MD=0.35, 95%CI(-0.77, 1.47),>0.05] and Maryland score[MD=2.12, 95%CI(-0.71, 4.95),>0.05] between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Minimally invasive sinus tarsal approach and conventional L-shaped lateral approach has similar clinical effect for the treatment of calcaneal fractures. However, minimally invasive sinus tarsal approach has advantages of shorter operation time, lower incidence of complication and better safety. For the limited quantity of the original studies, operative approach should be chosen according to the patient.</p>

Development of intelligent wound instillation-negative pressure therapeutic instrument / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop an intelligent wound therapeutic instrument based on active instillation and negative pressure suction.Methods SCM coordinated peristaltic pumps, solenoid valves and pressure receptor to infuse perfusate into the wound and retained it for a period of time. The perfusate then was eliminated by negative pressure and the wound was kept in the state of negative pressure. The instrument could give out alarm in case of bad tightness, over-high pressure and blocked negative-pressure pipeline.Results Peristaltic pump and central negative pressure were involved in to complete wound perfusion and irrigation, with perfusate controlled quantitatively and negative pressure kept reliable. The pressures in the wound and pipeline could be monitored at real time by the pressure receptor, and timely alarm was implemented when unexpected conditions occurred.Conclusion The instrument behaves well in automation, intelligence and safety, and thus is worth popularizing clinically.

Study on antimicrobial activity and classification of endophytic fungi from Glehnia littoralis / 中草药

Objective: To screen the endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activity from Glehnia littoralis and identify the taxonomy of these fungi. Methods: The endophytic fungi were isolated from G. littoralis by method of tissue isolation. The oxford-cup test was used in screening the endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activity for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans respectively. And the rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences were applied for the taxonomy of endophytic fungi. Results: Nineteen strains of fungi with antimicrobial activity were attributed to four genera, five families, seven orders, and eight species. In these fungi, there were four strains with antimicrobial activity to E. coli (the max d/D value was 1.07), Fifteen strains with antimicrobial activity to S. aureus (the max d/D value was 0.65), and three strains with antimicrobial activity to C. albicans (the max d/D value was 1.27). Conclusion: Many kinds of fungi with antimicrobial activity inhabit in G. littoralis. This study is helpful to develop the recourses of endophytic fungi and to evaluate the genuineness of G. littoralis.

Screening and identification of endophytic fungi with growth promoting effect on Dendrobium officinale / 中国中药杂志

The endophytic fungi with plant growth promoting effects were screened by co-culture of each endophytic fungus and seedlings of Dendrobium officinale. Anatomical features of the inoculated roots were studied by paraffin sectioning. Morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 sequences were applied for the taxonomy of endophytic fungi. The results showed that 8 strains inoculated to D. officinale seedlings greatly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, new roots number and biomass. According to the anatomical features of the inoculated roots, each fungus could infect the velamina of seedlings. The hyphae or pelotons were existed in the exodermis passage cells and cortex cells. The effective fungi could not infect the endodermis and vascular bundle sheath, but which was exception for other fungi with harmful to seedlings. Combined with classic morphologic classification, 2 effective strains were identified which were subjected to Pestalotiopsis and Eurotium. Six species of fungi without conidiophore belonged to Pyrenochaeta, Coprinellus, Pholiota, Alternaria, Helotiales, which were identified by sequencing the PCR-amplified rDNA ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 regions. The co-culture technology of effective endophytic fungi and plant can apply to cultivate the seedlings of D. officinale. It is feasible to shorten growth cycle of D. officinale and increase the resource of Chinese herbs.

Biochemical regulatory mechanism of asiaticoside in preventing and treating stent restenosis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss whether asiaticosides could effectively reduce the endothelial cell damage as a biochemical modulator, so as to further inhibit the post-stenting intima-media membrane hyperplasia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Human aortic smooth muscle cells and aortic fibroblasts were selected and divided into the blank group, the rapamycin group and the asiaticoside group and the rapamycin and asiaticoside group. The expressions of muscle cells and fibroblasts TGF-beta1, Smad7 and I-collagen gene were determined by RT-PCR. The expression quantity of I-collagen protein was assayed by ELISA. The coefficient of drug interaction (CDI) between rapamycin and asiaticoside was calculated. Additionally, 16 Chinese mini-swines were randomly divided into group A and group B. One sirolimus drug-eluting stent of the same type was implanted after the high-pressure pre-expansion of anterior descending artery balloon. After the operation, the group A was intravenously injected with normal saline 30 mL x d(-1). Whereas the group B was intravenously injected with asiaticoside 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)(diluted to 30 mL). The expressions of plasma vWF of the two groups were measured at the 7th and 14th days after the operation. At the 28th day after the operation, tissues of the stented vessel segments were sliced and stained to calculate the vessel area, inner stent area, lumen area and neointima area</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the control group, the combination group showed significant up-regulation in smooth muscle cells and fibroblast Smad7 gene, down-regulation in TGF-beta, and obvious inhibition of I-collagen gene expression (P < 0.01). As for smooth muscle cells, there was no difference in the expression of I-collagen between the combination group and the rapamycin group, with CDI at 0. 83. As for fibroblasts, there was a significant difference in the expression of I-collagen between the combination group and the rapamycin group (P < 0.05), with CDI at 0.77. Plasma vWF of the group B was significantly lower than that of the group A (P < 0.05) at the 7th and 14th days after the operation. At the 28th day after the operation, no difference was observed in vessel area and stent area between the two groups. However, the lumen area in the group B was significantly larger than that of the group A(P < 0.05), and the neointima area of the group B was significantly smaller than that of the group A (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As an effective biochemical modulator for rapamycin, asiaticosides could inhibit TGF-beta expression, significantly decrease the synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix, further inhibit the post-stenting intima-media membrane hyperplasia and reduce the endothelial cell damage by effectively up-regulate the expression of Smad7 protein.</p>

Analysis of surveillance results of drinking-water supply status in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Henan / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To understand the status of drinking-water supply and the progress of waterimproving projects in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Henan,and to provide scientific data for related government departments to carry out prevention and surveillance plan for those areas.Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out in all the villages in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Henan in 2010.Each village was given one set of questionnaire.Results By the end of 2010,the total number of fluorosis villages in Henan was 25 434,among them 11 484 villages had been conducted water-improving projects,accounting for 45.15％.Currently,9267 water-improving projects worked properly,accounting for 36.4％(9267/25 434)of all villages surveyed,and 80.7％ (9267/11 484)villages had water-improving projects.The projects in 2217 villages do not work properly,accounting for 19.3％(2217/11 484) of all projects.There were 5832 water-imp.roving projects conducted amnog 2005-2010,accounting for 50.8％ (5832/11 484) of all water-improving projects.Among villages with no such projects,97.5％(15 769/16 167) of them used shallow groundwater,and in villages with water-improving projects,89.6％ (8303/9267) of them used deep groundwater as drinking-water supply.Conclusions After 2005,the water improving progress was significantly speed up in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Henan,but progress of the water improving projects is relatively slow due to changing and expanding of fluorosis areas.The government should increase investment and improve the proportion of waterimproving defluoridation.

Multi-center study on the treatment for intermediate and high-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the therapeutic effect of treatment for intermediate and high-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective clinical multicentre research was conducted using international standardized approach of clinical research. SSNHL Cases with intermediate and high-frequency hearing loss, that accepted no medication from onset of hearing loss within two weeks duration and ages ranged between 18 and 65, were collected. All patients were treated by one of four treatments plans chosen by unified random table.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>141 patients with intermediate and high-frequency SSNHL were recruited in the research. Twenty subjects were treated with lidocaine, 21 cases with lidocaine and hormone, 40 cases with Ginaton, and 60 cases with Ginaton and hormone. 42 out of 141 (29.79%) patients were total recovery, 24 (17.02%)achieved excellent recovery, 27 (19.15%)achieved partial recovery, and 48 (34.04%) were ineffective. The total effective rate was 65.96%. In lidocaine group, the total effective rate was 55.00%, 66.67% in lidocaine and hormone group, 67.50% in Ginaton group, and 68.33% in Ginaton and hormone group. Considering the total effective rate, there was no statistical difference between four groups (P > 0.05). However, the recovery rate in Ginaton group was significant difference comparing with that in lidocaine group (P = 0.0496). 119 had concomitant symptom of tinnitus, and the tinnitus was improved in patients of 81.51%. With regard to total effective rate of tinnitus in four treatment groups, it was 57.89% (11/19) in lidocaine group, 100.00% (18/18) in lidocaine and hormone group, 88.57% (31/35) in Ginaton group, 78.72% (37/47) in Ginaton and hormone group. There was significant ascendancy in lidocaine and hormone group versus that in lidocaine group (P = 0.002) and Ginaton and hormone group (P = 0.029). And the difference between lidocaine and Ginaton groups was statistical significance (χ(2) = 6.705, P < 0.05). In 43 patients with muffled symptom in aural region, 90.70% was partial recovery. There was no statistical difference between each groups (χ(2) = 5.97,P = 0.74). There were 17 with dizziness or vertigo improved in all cases. Another 10 patients accompanied other complaints all improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>for the treat of intermediate and high-frequency SSNHL, the therapeutic effect in hearing has no significantly different between single and combined drug therapies. Considering the recovery rate, there is an obvious advantage in Ginaton group compared with lidocaine group. Tinnitus is the major concomitant symptom in intermediate and high-frequency SSNHL, and lidocaine and hormone therapy should be used.</p>

Clinical analysis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with different ages / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical materials of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in different ages of patients, and explore their clinical characteristics and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review was conducted by the clinical symptoms, predisposing factors and prognosis in SSNHL patients with different ages in the past two years (from 2008 to 2010). All patients were divided into three groups according to age, including Group 1 (0-18 years old), Group 2 (19-59 years old), and Group 3 (over 60 years old).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Part of patients (28.1%) had a clear history of virus infection in Group 1. Some patients (18.7%) had obvious history of emotional fluctuations or fatigue before the onset of SSNHL. Three groups of patients with "aural fullness" symptom accounted for 3.1%, 41.3% and 29.4% respectively. The proportions of patients with profound hearing loss in three groups were 62.5%, 40.0% and 33.3% respectively. Most patients improved hearing level during systemic internal medicine treatment. However, many patients (68.8%) in Group 1 showed poor therapeutic effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SSNHL in different age stages has different clinical features. We can improve the personalized treatment program to this disease through the classification and grading treatment.</p>

The reconstruction of erectile function with rabbit segmental gracilis musculocutaneous flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To design an animal model for the reconstruction of penile erectile function with segmental gracilis musculocutaneous flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rabbit gracilis muscle was split longitudinally into two approximately equal halves completely according to the principles of muscle compartmentalization. An animal model was designed for the reconstruction of erectile function with segmental musculocutaneous flap based on the anterior gracilis muscle bundle, with a silicone stick implanted as a supporter. A multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system were used to stimulate the reconstructed penis and its CMAP was measured synchronously.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When its nerve was electric stimulated, the muscle bundle contracted, which made the reconstructed penis moving accordingly. It satisfactorily simulated the way of a normal penis's erection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The reconstructed penis with rabbit segmental gracilis musculocutaneous flap according to the principles of muscle compartmentalization has achieved the erectile function satisfactorily. It has met the requirements of both improving reconstructive penis's appearance and retaining muscle' s contractive function.</p>