Attention disorder and white matter structure changes in schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Attention is an essential cognitive function which was use to perceive the external world, and it is the basis of all cognitive activities.Other cognitive functions such as working memory, executive function, information processing speed and so on, are also adversely affected in hypoprosexia or hyperfocusing state.Patients with schizophrenia have severe attention disorder, which makes patients unable to successfully complete the task of work or study, thus reduce the quality of life.Attention disorder exists throughout the whole course of this disease, and there is no specific drug for it.In recent years, antipsychotic medications have widespread application, but it has not shown up significantly improvement of attention disorder, worse still, its side effects will exacerbate the disease, which results in the impairment of the patients' ability to learn and explore the novelties.Neuroimaging markers of attention disorder in schizophrenia are the focus of current researches.White matter fibers are important pathways that connect attention networks and maintain the three-dimensional structure of the brain.Previous studies have suggested that attention disorder may be related to abnormalities of white matter fibers connecting various encephalic regions.In particular, abnormalities in the integrity of white matter, such as corpus callosum, cingulum bundle, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, have been reported to be significantly associated with attention disorder in patients with schizophrenia.In this study, the relationship between attention disorder and white matter structure in patients with schizophrenia is reviewed through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique.

Mental health status of students with self reported learning disabilities in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Understanding mental health status of students with learning disabilities in Beijing to provide a basis for mental health promotion of students with learning disabilities.@*Methods@#By means of random cluster sampling, 5 787 enrolled students in grade one and grade two of 11 public junior middle schools in Beijing were selected as the survey subjects. A self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ learning disabilities and mental health status through anonymous self filling.@*Results@#About 11.6% students self reported learning disabilities. The proportions of students with learning difficulty in mathematical reasoning and calculation were higher, 44.1% and 40.7% respectively. The reported rate of mental health problems was 38.3%. The top four of the 10 symptoms were obsessive compulsive symptoms, learning pressure, emotional instability and anxiety(2.19±0.77)(2.17±0.99)(2.09±0.90)(2.07±1.08). Compared with students without learning disabilities, students with self reported learning disabilities had poorer mental health status(OR=1.47), and learning disabilities were related to most factors of mental health. Different types of learning disabilities were associated with different mental health factors.@*Conclusion@#Mental health problems of students with learning disabilities are higher than that of students without learning disabilities. It is necessary to strengthen the mental health support for students with learning disabilities and improve their mental health.

Identification of compound heterozygous mutations of SACS gene in two patients from a pedigree with spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect potential mutations of the spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (SACS) gene in a pedigree affected with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the proband and her family members. All exons and flanking sequences of the SACS gene were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Suspected mutations were verified with Sanger sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Next generation sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous mutations of the SACS gene, namely c.13085T to G (p.I4362R) and c.5236dupA (p.T1746fs), in the proband, which were respectively derived from her parents. The mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The c.5236dupA (p.T1746fs) and c.13085T to G (p.I4362R) mutations of the SACS gene probably underlie the ocular symptoms and hearing loss in the proband.</p>

Comparison of water absorption, solubility and monomer release of six kinds of light-curing composite resins / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To compare the water absorption values,solubility values and monomer release amounts of six kinds of light curing composite resins and explore the influencing factors,and to elucidate their relationships with the material compositions and the immersing solvent.Methods:The water absorption and solubility values of six kinds of composite resins,including FiltekTM Z250 (Z250),FiltekTM Z350 XT (Z350),Aelite LS Posterior (ALS),CLEARFIL MAJESTY Posterior (CMP),Neofil Nano (NN),and Tetric N-Ceram (TNC),were measured according to ISO 4049-2009.The concentrations of eluted Bis-GMA and TEGDMA were tested by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry after the specimens were immersed in 75％ ethanol solution for different time (24 h,7 d,1 month,and 3 months).Results:The water absorption values of six kinds of composite resins were in ascending order of ALS ＜CMP ＜TNC ≈Z250 ＜NN ＜Z350,there were significant differences between groups (P＜0.05);the solubility values were Z350 ＜NN≈ALS≈CMP≈Z250 ＜TNC,there were significant differences between groups (P＜0.05).The release amounts of Bis-GMA were increased slowly with the prolongation of time (P＜0.05),while the values of ALS and CMP at 3 months were decreased (P＜0.05);the descending order ofBis-GMA release amounts at 3 months was NN＞ TNC＞ Z250＞ Z350＞ ALS＞ CMP (P＜0.05).The released TEGDMA was not found in NN and TNC.The release amounts of TEGDMA of the other four resins were increased slowly with the prolongation of time (P＜0.05),and the release amount of CMP at 3 months was decreased (P＜0.05);the order of amount at 3 months was ALS＞ CMP＞ Z250＞ Z350 (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The water absorption values,solubility values and monomer release amounts of different composite resins are different,and they are related to their organic matrix compositions and the immersing solvent.

Evaluation on wear resistance of six composite resins and influencing factors in vitro / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the wear resistance of four low-shrinkage commercial composite resins and two traditional composite resins in vitro and discuss the relative influencing factors, and to illustrate the inner relationship of the wear resistance of resins and material composition.Methods:Four low-shrinkage commercial composite resins including CLEARFIL MAJESTY Posterior(CMP), Filtek LS(LS), Admira(AD), Kalore(KA) and two traditional composite resins including Filtek Z350XT (Z350), Solitaire2(S2) were chosen.The bar-shaped specimens were fabricated and mounted in a UMT-2 wear testing machine and abraded with the two-body media (distilled water) with a Si3N4 ball as antagonist.The maximum wear depth was determined after 14 400 cycles.The friction coefficient was determined during the test.The worn surfaces were examined with SEM.Results:CMP showed the lowest maximum wear depth and KA presented the highest maximum wear depth.The maximum wear depth ranked as follows: CMP

The Ethical Problems and Countermeasures in Developing Quality Nursing Service in Operating Rooms / 中国医学伦理学

The operating room is the main place of surgery,but there exist many ethical problems when developing quality nursing service in operating rooms.These problems mainly related to the imperfect preoperative and postoperative visit systems,the lack of effective communication and protection of patients privacy during the operations,and the lack of self-discipline spirit.To solve these problems,we should improve the preoperative and postoperative visit system,strengthen the psychological counseling for patients,cultivate the nurses' self-discipline spirit,respect and protect the privacy of patients,so as to improve the quality of nursing service in the operation rooms,and better service for patients.

Parkinson's disease and nucleolar stress / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by motor dysfunction resulting in bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, gait impairment, and postural instability. The classic pathogenic feature of PD is preferential loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Downregulation of rRNA transcription is one of major mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. Nucleolar stress has emerged as a component of the degenerative process caused by impaired rRNA transcription and altered nucleolar integrity. Recent study has indicated that the response to stress conditions and quality control mechanisms are impaired in PD, and that metabolic stress may be a trigger mechanism for PD. This review aims to present evidence for a role of nucleolar stress in PD and has summarized mechanisms by which nucleolar stress may play a role in the progression of PD.

Relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and the interaction between hMSH2 polymorphisms and environmental factors / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To use a hospital-based case-control study design to investigate the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the interaction of polymorphisms in the human mismatch repair gene,hMSH2,with environmental factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cases of new-onset,histopathology-diagnosed,and untreated (no chemotherapy or radiation therapy) HCC were enrolled between September 2009 and September 2012.A non-HCC healthy control group was also enrolled and was composed of individuals living in the same region as the cases for more than 10 years and age-/sex-matched with similar socioeconomic characteristics.All enrollees underwent hMSH2 genotyping by real-time PCR.T-test,chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the difference in allele frequencies among the case and control groups and the relationship between hMSH2 polymorphisms and environmental factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Frequencies of hMSH2 rs2303428 CC,CT and TT genotypes in the HCC group were significantly different than in the control group (14.13% vs.8.21%,47.02% vs.49.47%,and 38.85% vs.42.32%;x 2=8.289,P =0.016).Individuals carrying the hMSH2 rs2303428 T allelic gene had a significantly increased risk compared to those with the hMSH2 rs2303428 C allelic gene (adjusted OR=1.228).Interactions were found between the hMSH2 genotype and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive hepatitis infection (adjusted OR=1.865) and history of cancer (adjusted OR=5.634).There was no relation between hMSH2 gene rs4952887 and rs2059520 and liver cancer development or interaction with environmental factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hMSH2 rs2303428 genotype is positively related to risk of HCC in Chinese,with HBsAg-positive hepatitis infection starus and history of cancer increasing the risk.</p>