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This paper introduced European Guidelines for Physiotherapy of Parkinson's Disease, especially the form, content and selection, to give a reference of evidence-based practice in China.
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Mitochondria are an essential component of multicellular life and play important roles in the health of the cells and the body. Mitochondria can produce energy by oxidative phosphorylation, mediate calcium and reactive oxygen signal transduction, and regulate cell apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that mitochondria continually change their shapes and distribution by fission and fusion, which are collectively termed mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics play critical roles in maintaining mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the structure and biological functions of mitochondrial fission and fusion related proteins in mammal cells.
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Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol on postoperative an-algesia and recovery for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in parturients undergoing cesarean section. Methods Eighty-four parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly al-located into two groups. Control group: physiological saline infusion(0.5 μg/kg) after delivery and butorphanol (10 mg) in PCIA. Experimental group: dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) infusion after delivery and dexmedeto-midine (200 μg) with butorphanol (10 mg) in PCIA. Hemodynamic variables, the visual analogue score (VAS), the sedation score, side effects, the total pump-press number and additional analgesics cases were re-corded. The quality of recovery was evaluated by using a 40-item quality of recovery questionnaire(QoR-40) and a 9 questions fatigue score(FFS). Results Compared with control group,the VAS scores,the total pump-press number, the incidence of side effects and the FSS scores in experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In addition,the QoR-40 score at POD3 was significantly increased(P<0.05). Conclusions Dexmedeto-midine combined with butorphanol for PCIA after caesarean section decreases the consumption of butorphanol,pro-motes postoperative analgesia,alleviates fatigue,and improves postoperative recovery.
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miR-146a is an immunoregulatory microRNA closely associated with viral infection. This study investigated the expression changes of miR-146a in peripheral blood monocytes of HCV-infected patients and the mechanism by which the THP-1 cells were stimulated with HCV core protein in vitro. It was found that in the peripheral blood monocytes of HCV-infected patients, miR-146a expression was upregulated. After treated by interferon/ribavirin, miR-146a expression was decreased when HCV RNA became undetectable. HCV core could directly stimulate THP-1 cells to produce miR-146a. Silencing TLR2 and MyD88 could significantly inhibit the expression of miR-146a. It was concluded that the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood monocytes of HCV-infected patients was abnormally increased. The TLR2-MyD88 signaling pathway may take part in the overexpression of miR-146a in monocytes stimulated with HCV core protein.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Base Sequence , Cell Line , DNA Primers , Hepatitis C, Chronic , Blood , MicroRNAs , Blood , Monocytes , Metabolism , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 , Physiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Toll-Like Receptor 2 , PhysiologyABSTRACT
miR-146a is an immunoregulatory microRNA closely associated with viral infection. This study investigated the expression changes of miR-146a in peripheral blood monocytes of HCV-infected patients and the mechanism by which the THP-1 cells were stimulated with HCV core protein in vitro. It was found that in the peripheral blood monocytes of HCV-infected patients, miR-146a expression was upregulated. After treated by interferon/ribavirin, miR-146a expression was decreased when HCV RNA became undetectable. HCV core could directly stimulate THP-1 cells to produce miR-146a. Silencing TLR2 and MyD88 could significantly inhibit the expression of miR-146a. It was concluded that the expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood monocytes of HCV-infected patients was abnormally increased. The TLR2-MyD88 signaling pathway may take part in the overexpression of miR-146a in monocytes stimulated with HCV core protein.
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The present study was aimed to establish a high sensitive and specific method for detecting M244V mutation in kinase domain of BCR-ABL(fusion gene) by using real-time quantitative PCR technology. The specific primer of the mutational site was designed, and then the PCR reaction system and condition were optimized to establish the new real-time PCR method for detecting M244V mutation. The results showed that a method of detecting M244V mutation has been successfully established. The detection results indicated that this method possessed high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. It is concluded that the method based on fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction for detecting M244V mutation can be used to detect the M244V mutation in CML patients successfully.
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Humans , DNA Primers , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl , Genetics , Mutation , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , MethodsABSTRACT
The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and their transformation to myofibroblasts are the key steps in the pathological progress of liver fibrosis. The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)/Smad pathway is involved in the proliferation and collagen synthesis of HSCs. This study aimed to examine the effect of the protease inhibitor MG132 on the signaling pathway of TGFβ/Smad in HSC-T6 cells and seek a novel therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis. The HSC-T6 cells were treated with MG132 at different concentrations (0-10 μmol/L). Cell proliferation was detected by MTT method. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TGFβ1, Smad3 and Smad7 were determined in HSC-T6 cells by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively, after treatment with MG132 at different concentrations (1, 2, 3 μmol/L) or RPMI1640 alone (serving as control). The results showed that MG132 could inhibit the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC(50) of MG132 was 6.84 μmol/L. After treatment with MG132 at 1, 2 or 3 μmol/L for 24 h, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the Smad7 mRNA expression had no significant change (P>0.05). There was also a significant decrease in the protein expression level of TGF-β1 and Smad3 (P<0.05). However, the expression of Smad7 protein was substantially increased when compared with the control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that the inhibition of TGFβ/Smad pathway in HSC-T6 cells by MG132 can reduce the production of profibrosis factors (TGFβ1, Smad3) and promote the expression of anti-fibrosis factor (Smad7), suggesting that MG132 may become a potential therapeutic alternative for liver fibrosis.
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Animals , Rats , Cell Line , Leupeptins , Pharmacology , Protease Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Signal Transduction , Smad Proteins , Metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The effects of triterpenic acid from Prunella vulgaris L. (TAP) on diabetes and its mechanism are uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TAP on antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and pancreas-protective in streptozotozin (STZ)-diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The diabetic model was produced by injection of 60 mg/kg STZ. Blood was drawn from the tail vein of rats after 72 hours. Rats with blood glucose ≥ 16.7 mmol/L were considered diabetic. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Diabetes rat (STZ), (2) Diabetic rats treated with 50 mg/kg of triterpenic acid from Prunella vulgaris L (STZ + TAP50), (3) Diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg TAP (STZ + TAP100), and (4) Diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg TAP (STZ + TAP200). Normal rats (n = 10) acted as the control group (NC). TAP was administered by the intragastric route once each day for six weeks. Body weight and the concentration of blood glucose (BG) were measured after three and six weeks. Fructosamine (FMN), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO), and the activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were determined after six weeks using commercially available kits following the manufacturer's instructions. Pathologic changes in pancreatic β-cells were also investigated by microscopic examination after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The level of SOD mRNA in pancreatic β-cells was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of BG, FMN, NO, and MDA and the activities of NOS in serum in the four diabetes groups were significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The activity of SOD in serum and the body weight was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.01). After administration of TAP to diabetic rats for six weeks, the body weight and the levels of BG, FMN, MDA, NO and the activity of NOS in serum decreased significantly compared with the STZ group in a dose-dependent manner. The activity of SOD in serum and body weight increased significantly compared with the STZ group in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in SOD mRNA expression in pancreatic β cells. However, these changes were reversed by TAP. Histopathological examination also showed the protective effect of TAP on pancreatic β cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Triterpenic acid from Prunella vulgaris L. has an anti-diabetic effect, by controlling blood glucose and antioxidants, and has a protective effect on the pancreas.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Insulin-Secreting Cells , Pathology , Prunella , Chemistry , RNA, Messenger , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Streptozocin , Superoxide Dismutase , Genetics , Triterpenes , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and their transformation to myofibroblasts are the key steps in the pathological progress of liver fibrosis. The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)/Smad pathway is involved in the proliferation and collagen synthesis of HSCs. This study aimed to examine the effect of the protease inhibitor MG132 on the signaling pathway of TGFβ/Smad in HSC-T6 cells and seek a novel therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis. The HSC-T6 cells were treated with MG132 at different concentrations (0-10 μmol/L). Cell proliferation was detected by MTT method. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TGFβ1, Smad3 and Smad7 were determined in HSC-T6 cells by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively, after treatment with MG132 at different concentrations (1, 2, 3 μmol/L) or RPMI1640 alone (serving as control). The results showed that MG132 could inhibit the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 of MG132 was 6.84 μmol/L. After treatment with MG132 at 1, 2 or 3 μmol/L for 24 h, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 were significantly decreased (P0.05). There was also a significant decrease in the protein expression level of TGF-β1 and Smad3 (P<0.05). However, the expression of Smad7 protein was substantially increased when compared with the control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that the inhibition of TGFβ/Smad pathway in HSC-T6 cells by MG132 can reduce the production of profibrosis factors (TGFβ1, Smad3) and promote the expression of anti-fibrosis factor (Smad7), suggesting that MG132 may become a potential therapeutic alternative for liver fibrosis.
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This study was aimed to investigate the abnormal expression of microRNA-124 (miR-124) in bone marrow cells of patients with leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its significance. The relative expression levels of miR-124 in bone marrow mononuclear cells from 33 patients with newly diagnosed leukemia or MDS, and 10 normal donors (as controls) were detected by stem-loop fluorescence real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The methylation levels of miR-124 promoter were detected by quantitative methylation specific PCR in partial MDS samples. The results indicated that as compared with normal control, lower levels of miR-124 (≤ 1/3) were found in 2/18 of leukemia patients and in 5/15 of MDS patients (among them ≤ 1/4 in 3/15 MDS patients). No statistically significance difference was observed between leukemia patients and normal controls (P = 0.725). However the difference was statistically significant between MDS group and control group (P = 0.031). Furthermore, an elevated methylation level of miR-124 promoter region in some of MDS patients (7/11) was detected by using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. The expression level of miR-124 was related with methylation level of promoter region (R(2) = 0.339, P = 0.018). It is concluded that the expression of miR-124 in partial MDS patients is inhibited, which may be associated with the abnormal methylation of its promoter.
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , DNA Methylation , Leukemia , Metabolism , MicroRNAs , Genetics , Metabolism , Myelodysplastic Syndromes , Metabolism , Promoter Regions, GeneticABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors related to abuse and negligence against the elderly in the rural areas. Methods 975 elderly over 60 years from 41counties in Anhui province were included. All participants completed an anonymous questionnaire including items as: educational background, marital condition, income, child-discipline, rude action to parents, daily activities, physical functions, having chronic illness, abuse and negligence against the elderly, etc. Results In the last year, rates of common physical abuse, serious physical abuse,emotional abuse, financial exploitation, negligence, overall abuse and negligence against the elderly were 4.5%, 1.5%, 26.9%, 4.9%, 7.2%, 29.9% respectively. Among the 281 victims, 80.4% reported that they were suffered more than 3 times of abuse and neglect episodes, and 34.9% reported that they were suffered more than 2 forms of abuse and negligence. The primary sadism was carried out by the daughter-in-law or son-in-law (43.2%) of the elderly. Low activity on daily life and having chronic illness were the risk factors causing common physical abuse while better education was the protective factor to it, Low ability in managing daily activity of living was the risk factor causing serions physical abuse. Less active on daily life and having rude action to parents were the risk factors to emotional abuse, but being strict with their children was the protective factor to emotional abuse. Less active on daily life, often beating their children and having rude action to parents were the risk factors related to financial exploitation. Less active on daily life, having rude action to parents and having bad physical functions were the risk factors causing negligence. Less active on daily life and having rude manner to parents were the risk factors of overall elderly abuse and negligence, but being strict with their children was protective factor to the abuse and negligence against the elderly. Conclusion High prevalence on abuse and negligence against the elderly was seen in the rural areas of China. Different forms on elderly abuse and negligence were affected by different factors that called for more attention to be paid to those elderly with lower ability in managing their daily life.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of IL-24 expression on the growth of glioma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The IL-24 gene was transfected into rat glioma C6 cells with a retroviral vector. The expression of IL-24 in C6/IL-24 glioma cells was confirmed by RT-PCR. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to study tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Tumorigenicity in vivo was studied in inbred SD male rats by the growth of intracerebrally inoculated tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was confirmed by RT-PCR that the exogenous IL-24 gene expressed in C6/IL-24 cell. The C6/IL-24 cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo were both inhibited compared with its parental C6 cell.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IL-24 expression in glioma cells somehow inhibits their growth in vitro and in vivo.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Brain Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Genetic Vectors , Glioma , Metabolism , Pathology , Interleukins , Genetics , Neoplasm Transplantation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Recombinant Proteins , Genetics , Retroviridae , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide a basis for development and preparation of the new anti-tumor agents from Cortex A-canthopanacis senticosus (CAS), through isolating the active substances from CAS and studying the anti-tumor effect of CAS extracts in vivo and in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effects of CAS extracts and its isolated ingredients on tumor cell proliferation in vitro was determined by 3H-TdR incorporation; the anti-tumor component of CAS was isolated and purified by chromatography; the tumor bearing mice model was established by injecting tumor cell subcutaneously, and the model was used to observe the anti-tumor effect of CAS extract administered through gastrogavage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CAS extract showed obvious inhibition on tumor cell proliferation originated from multiple tissues (P < 0.01) and displayed a better dose-effect relationship. After orally taken CAS extract, the general condition of mice in the experimental group were better than that in the untreated control group, revealing a slower growth and significantly prolonged survival period (P < 0.01). A protein component, having inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation and the molecular weight was 64 kda, it was isolated by the thin layer gel chromatography.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CAS has not only the in vitro inhibitory effect on cell proliferation of multiple kinds of tumor, but also a good anti-tumor effect in vivo. The anti-tumor activity of CAS is correlated with a protein component with the molecular weight of 64 kda. Further isolation, purification, study on mechanism will provide scientific evidence for clinical application and development of CAS in anti-tumor effect.</p>
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Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Cell Division , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Eleutherococcus , HL-60 Cells , Pathology , Leukemia, T-Cell , Pathology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neoplasm Transplantation , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract (AME) in regulating the immune function of human peripheral blood immune cells (PBIC) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Effects of AME on the proliferation activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the tumor cell phagocytosis of peripheral blood adherent monocytes (PBAM) were measured by using 3H-TdR incorporation. Effect of the tumor-killing activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) was determined by using 51Cr-releasing assay. Effects on production of IgG by peripheral blood B cells (PBBC) and IL-6 by PBAM were tested by means of ELISA, and effect on production of TNF-alpha by PBAM was studied by means of biological method. Besides, the protein elements of AME were analysed by SDS-PAGE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AME could promote the proliferation of human PBMC, elevate the tumor cell-killing activity of CTL, strengthen the tumor cell phagocytosis and cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) production of PBAM, and promote the IgG production of PBBC. AME contained multiple protein elements.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AME has effect in enhancing human immuno-function and anti-tumor activity, it could be applied in clinical practice for immuno-modulation and tumor treatment.</p>