ABSTRACT
Evaluating clinical teachers' teaching ability in non-directly affiliated hospitals impartially can provide objective evidence for clinical teachers' cultivation and teaching administration,so as to improve teaching quality.Brainstorming method,literature survey and in-depth interview of experts were used to preliminarily select the evaluation index;Delphi method was used to determine the evaluation system and weight factors after two-round consultation;the evaluation system of teaching ability of clinical teachers in non-directly affiliated hospitals was established,including 5 primary indicators,12 secondary indicators and 36 third indicators.This system was empirically implemented for clinical teachers from non-directly affiliated hospitals to find their shortcomings,providing references to targeted cultivation of clinical teachers and improvement of teaching administration.
ABSTRACT
Evaluating clinical teachers' teaching ability in non-directly affiliated hospitals impartially can provide objective evidence for clinical teachers' cultivation and teaching administration, so as to improve teaching quality. Brainstorming method, literature survey and in-depth interview of experts were used to preliminarily select the evaluation index; Delphi method was used to determine the evaluation system and weight factors after two-round consultation; the evaluation system of teaching ability of clinical teachers in non-directly affiliated hospitals was established, including 5 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators and 36 third indicators. This system was empirically implemented for clinical teachers from non-directly affiliated hospitals to find their shortcomings, providing references to targeted cultivation of clinical teachers and improvement of teaching administration.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA) on the apoptosis and expression of iNOS and IL-1β in THP-1 monocytes in the presence of high concentration of glucose.Methods THP-1 cells were cultured in medium containing 25.0 mmol/L(HG) or 5.5 mmol/L (LG,control) D-glucose for 12 h-8 d.The THP-1 cells cultured for 6 d were extracted on the 0-48 h with or without HKSA,then apoptosis and expression of iNOS and IL-1β were examined.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and expressions of IL-1β and iNOS were quantitated by real-time PCR.Results The expression of iNOS and IL-1β in THP-1 monocytes was increased significantly in the presence of high concentration of glucose for 12-48 h(P＜0.05),reaching the highest level at 24 h and returned to baseline after 4 d.The expression was significantly lower than that of control after 4-6 d.Apoptosis rate was also increased significantly after 48 h to 4 days.HKSA infection enhanced apoptosis,but inhibited the expression of iNOS and IL-1 β in the presence of high concentration of glucose.The expression of iNOS and IL-1β increased significantly at 6 h(P＜0.01),reaching the highest level at 12 h,but the levels were significantly lower than those in control groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion These data suggest that high concentration of glucose can interfere with the anti-bacterial function of monocytes by reducing their expression of iNOS and IL-1β and enhancing their apoptosis.