ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of cannabinoid (CBD) on the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice.Methods:C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to establish the model of neuroinflammation. CBD was injected intraperitoneally 24 h after modeling. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. CBD-pretreated BV-2 microglia cells were stimulated with LPS in vitro. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and CD86 in mouse cerebral cortex, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and BV-2 cells were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein level of nuclear factor (NF-κB) in mouse brain and BV-2 cells was determined by Western blot. Results:CBD significantly increased the residence time and movement distance of LPS-treated mice in the central area in the open filed test (OFT), and reduced the immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and force swimming test (FST). In addition, CBD alleviated the neuroinflammation and inhibited the activation of microglia in mouse brain. In vitro, CBD significantly inhibited the activation of BV-2 microglia cells. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that CBD could inhibit NF-κB expression. Conclusions:LPS could induce the activation of BV-2 microglia cells and the expression of inflammatory factors in mouse brain accompanied with abnormal behaviors. CBD could inhibit the activation of microglia, alleviate the neuroinflammation in different regions of mouse brain and improve behavioral performance.
ABSTRACT
Reviewing Confucian view on justice and profit,we find that it is still of great constructive significance.The morality-lacking situation in the current drug field enlightens us to recognize the importance of ethical regulations,correctly handle the dialectic relation between justice and profit,and strive to construct a new and time-adaptive view on justice and profit.