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Macrophages have a leading position in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which paves the way to carcinogenesis. Initially, monocytes and macrophages are recruited to the sites where the tumor develops. Under the guidance of different microenvironmental signals, macrophages would polarize into two functional phenotypes, named as classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Contrary to the anti-tumor effect of M1, M2 exerts anti-inflammatory and tumorigenic characters. In progressive tumor, M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are in the majority, being vital regulators reacting upon TME. This review elaborates on the role of TAMs in tumor progression. Furthermore, prospective macrophage-focused therapeutic strategies, including drugs not only in clinical trials but also at primary research stages, are summarized followed by a discussion about their clinical application values. Nanoparticulate systems with efficient drug delivery and improved antitumor effect are also summed up in this article.
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The 13th World Congress of the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association was held from 4th to 7th September 2018 in Geneva,Switzerland.Thousands of wellknown specialists and scholars from 96 countries around the world were invited for the great event.The congress aimed to explore the latest achievements of diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases from both the clinical and basic perspective.In this article,authors reviewed and analyzed the up-to-date research information and combined clinical researches of the author team,in order to share the experience and achievements in the field of hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery with colleagues and provide new information and inference for optimization of diagnosis and treatment in this field.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore efficacy and safety of modified FOLFIRINOX (mFOLFIRINOX) regimen by dose attenuation in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) and metastatic pancreatic cancer(MPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between April 2014 and October 2015, 35 patients with LAPC (n=18) or MPC (n=17) were treated with mFOLFIRINOX regimen (irinotecan 135 mg/m(2), oxaliplatin 68 mg/m(2), 5-FU 2 400 mg/m(2), no bolus of 5-FU, leucovorin 400 mg/m(2)) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The primary end point was progression free survival. The second end points were overall survival, objective response rate, adverse effects, surgical resection rate for LAPC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 35 patients, 6 patients (17.1%) who dropped out and received less than 2 cycles were excluded for response analysis. Among the other 29 patients, 9 patients had grade 3 or 4 adverse effects. No patients ceased treatment due to adverse effects. The 29 patients received 5 (2-13) cycles were evaluated by efficacy and found partial remission in 16 cases, stable disease in 10 cases, progression disease in 3 cases. Response rate was 55.2%. Nine patients with LAPC accomplished surgery after neoadjuvant treatment without perioperative complication and death, and 6 patients accepted R0 resection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The mFOLFIRINOX regimen used in the study is well-tolerated in Chinese population with high treatment efficacy on patients with LAPC and MPC. Further investigation of efficacy and adverse effects on more advanced pancreatic cancer patients is necessary.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Camptothecin , Disease Progression , Disease-Free Survival , Fluorouracil , Leucovorin , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Organoplatinum Compounds , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Tertiary Care Centers , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effects of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor LM-1685 on A549 cells in vitro.Methods A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line was used in this study.Cell growth kinetics Was determined using MTT assay.Cell survival was analyzed by clonogenic assay.The change of cell cycle Was measured by flow cytometry.Results LM-1685 inhibited the growth of A549 cells,showing a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.LM-1685(50/μmol/L),either with or without IL-1β,showed the radiosensitizing effects on A549 cells,and the sensitizing enhancement ratio(SER)was 1.12 and 1.06,respectively.LM-1685(50 μmol/L)abrogated radiation-induced G2/M arrest of the tested A549 cells.Conclusions Cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor can enhance the radiosensitivity of A549 cell line.Abrogation of radiation-induced G2/M arrest could be part of the mechanism.
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Objective:To evaluate the relationship between serum neopterin levels and nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its clinical significance. Method:The serum neopterin levels were determined in 54 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC group) and 32 healthy adults (normal group) by ELISA. Result:The serum neopterin levels in NPC group were significantly higher than that of in normal group (P0.05). The serum neopterin levels in patients with no lymph node metastasis were lower than that of in lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The serum neopterin levels decreased significantly after disappearance of tumor and its lymph node treated by radiotherapy (P<0.01). Conclusion:Cellular immunity mediated by macrophages might be involved in the pathologenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the measurement of the serum neopterin may be a useful objective index to evaluate cellular immunological functions and curative effects.