Change in serum IgG antibody during the recovery stage of Omicron variant infection in children: an analysis of 110 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the serum level of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific RBD IgG antibody (SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody for short) in children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during the recovery stage, as well as the protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against Omicron infection.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 110 children who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Tianjin of China from January 8 to February 7, 2022. According to the status of vaccination before diagnosis, they were divided into a booster vaccination (3 doses) group with 2 children, a complete vaccination (2 doses) group with 90 children, an incomplete vaccination (1 dose) group with 5 children, and a non-vaccination group with 13 children. The clinical data and IgG level were compared among the 4 groups.@*RESULTS@#The complete vaccination group had a significantly higher age than the non-vaccination group at diagnosis (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in the route of transmission between the two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the four groups in sex, clinical classification, and re-positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection (P>0.05). All 97 children were vaccinated with inactivated vaccine, among whom 85 children (88%) were vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm vaccine (Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Beijing, China). At 1 month after diagnosis, the booster vaccination group and the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group (P<0.05), and at 2 months after diagnosis, the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group (P<0.05). For the complete vaccination group, the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis was significantly lower than that at 1 month after diagnosis (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has a protective effect against Omicron infection in children. For children vaccinated with 2 doses of the vaccine who experience Omicron infection, there may be a slight reduction in the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2022, 24(7): 736-741.

Advances on Characterization of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals as Drug Delivery System / 中国药学杂志

Lyotropic liquid crystal(LLC) is generally a kind of micelle association formed by self-assembly of amphiphilic lipid polymers in polar solvents. It have been applied in the study of drug delivery of administration of oral, skin injection, ocular, and cavity channel routes(including buccal cavity, nasal cavity, vagina), et al. Medical liquid crystal mainly includes lamellar phase, inverse hexagonal phase and inverse cubic phase. Inner assembling order in different structures of liquid crystals will affect the drug localization, viscosity, molecular interactions, and further drug release in vitro and in vivo, pharmacokinetics and so on. Thus, it is very important to characterize their microstructures. In this article, the characterization methods of LLC microstructures are comprehensively described based on the research of LLC as drug delivery carrier and related literatures, which can provide reference for further study of LLC drug delivery system.

Rheological properties of sinomenine in situ liquid crystal as liquid embolic agent / 中国中药杂志

Three different kinds of sinomenine in situ liquid crystal were prepared for different prescriptions, to investigate the rheological properties before and after in situ treatment and evaluate its feasibility for embolization. Rheological experiments were carried out with cone plate fixtures. Both the steady-state rheological and non-steady-state rheological properties of in-situ gels and the swelling gels were studied and compared. Steady-state rheological study results showed that all the three liquid embolic agents were non-newtonian fluid before and after in situ treatment, which would become less ropy when they were pressed with shear stress; their viscosities differed by 2-5 orders of magnitude. It had a yield value of about 10 Pa before in situ treatment and about 4 500 Pa after in situ treatment. All the six systems had thixotropy while their dynamic viscosities were not influenced by the shear rate, all less than 0.3 Pa·s before in situ treatment more than 1 Pa·s after in situ treatment, differing by an order of magnitude. The results of temperature sweeping showed a slight decrease with a steady rate in viscosity within the range of 10-50 °C, differing by 3-4 orders of magnitude. The results of unsteady rheology showed that there was no obvious linear viscoelastic region in the three kinds of agents, indicating the properties of liquid. After in situ treatment, their linear viscoelastic range γ<1% (No.3 was 5%), and their elastic modulus G' was larger than the viscous modulus G", indicating the properties of solid. Frequency scanning results showed that for the systems at low frequencies, G">G', system viscosity in a dominant position; while at high frequencies, G'>G", system elasticity in a dominant position. The results of compound viscosity test also proved that the liquid embolic agent in situ can form a cubic liquid crystal (the structure of No. 3 was destroyed after in situ treatment). The DHR-2 rheometer was used to investigate the rheological properties of in situ gels with three different prescriptions. The method is simple and the result is reliable, which can provide more theoretical reference for the evaluation and practical application of the product.

Synthesis and evaluation of benzylisoquinoline derivatives for their inhibition on pancreatic lipase and preadipocyte proliferation / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to synthesize and evaluate a series of benzylisoquinoline derivatives. These compounds were synthesized by Bischler-Napieralski cyclization to yield 1-benzyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines, and the products were obtained by reductions. All these compounds were identified by MS, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. The inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase and preadipocyte proliferation for the synthesized compounds and alkaloids from Nulembo nucifera were assessed in vitro. Most of the compounds showed inhibitory activities on both pancreatic lipase and preadipocyte proliferation. Particularly, compounds 7p-7u and 9d-9f exhibited significant inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase while compounds 7c, 7d, 7f, 7g, 7i, and 7j potently inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our results provided a basis for future evaluation and development of these compounds as leads for therapeutics for human diseases.

Is sham acupuncture as effective as traditional Chinese acupuncture? It's too early to say / 中国结合医学杂志

Many clinical trials and experimental studies claim that sham acupuncture is as effective as traditional Chinese acupuncture. However, these studies have no standard sham acupuncture control and many other factors can affect the clinical effect. These factors include needle retention time, treatment frequency, and the total number of treatments needed for satisfactory results, and all can change the clinical effect. The majority of existing acupuncture treatment studies do not consider these factors and lack standard dosage criteria. Therefore, it is still too early to conclude that sham acupuncture is as effective as traditional Chinese acupuncture. This article investigates the factors that influence the curative effect of acupuncture as to help set a standard for acupuncture studies in the future.

Protective roles of neuregulin-1 in cerebral ischemia / 国际脑血管病杂志

Neuregulin-1,a member of the epidermal growth factor family,plays an important role in the neuronal survival,development,migration,myelin formation,and synaptic plasticity and function. This article mainly summarized the structure and function of neuregulin1 and its neuroprotective roles in cerebral ischemia. Tne neuroprotective mechanisms of neuregulin-1 may include the inhibition of the early inflammatory response and apoptosis,and the regulation of the expression the neurotrophic factors.

Trend of bone development of adolescent at 14 years old / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To describe characteristic of hand-wrist bone development in adolescents of 14 years old in China, and to estimate trend of bone development of them.@*METHODS@#A total of 109 adolescents of 14 years was selected as subjects (males: 53, females: 56). X-rays examination of their left hand-wrist bone were performed and analyzed. The development characteristics of each position in accordance with Gu's mapping of skeletal age were compared with Gu's results and ours.@*RESULTS@#Compared with Gu's, osteoepiphysis of distal radius, the first metacarpal bone, the fourth proximal phalanx were more advanced in boys, osteoepiphysis of distal radius, the second-fifth metacarpal bones, the first-fifth proximal phalanxs, and the second-fifth middle phalanxs were more advanced in girls.@*CONCLUSION@#The results suggested that a forward trend of 14 years old adolescents bone development currently exists in our country, especially in girls. As an important age of criminal responsibility, this forward trend of development of bones among adolescents currently should be kept in mind when estimating bone age of criminals.

Development of hand-wrist bones of 14 year-old adolescents. II. Standard of bony age for girls / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the current development of hand-wrist bones of adolescents in China, and establish special forensic bony age standard for estimating 14 years of criminal responsible age in female adolescents.@*METHODS@#One hundred and ten healthy girls aged from 13 years and 9 months to 14 years and 3 months in Lengshuijiang district of Hunan province were enrolled in this study. X-ray films of their left hand-wrists were taken dorsaventrally, and 15 sites on the wrist x-ray films were examined and measured under standard condition. The development grade was confirmed by maximal percentage to establish a method to estimate the bony age, which was then checked by single blind method.@*RESULTS@#Development grade of the radius, the middle third phalanx and the fourth phalanx was partially closed (> 2/3), and the rest was wholly-closed with existence of the epiphyseal line. The development grade of the middle third phalanx and fourth phalanx was different between the younger group (< 14 years, partially closed, > 2/3) and the older group (> 14 years, mostly closed with existence of only epiphyseal line). The cross diameter of the osteoepiphysises were wider than that of all the diaphysises. The confirmed accuracy (in 30 girls) was 83.3%.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study seemes to be feasible in establishing the estimation standard for bony age determination. The standard established by developmental metaphysis and authropometry may be particularly helpful in forensic practice for estimation of accurate criminal responsible age in adolescents.

Study on development of hand-wrist bone in 14 year-old adolescents I: bone age standard for boys / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the bone development in adolescents in China, and establish forensic skeletal age standard for estimation of the criminal responsible age in 14 years old male adolescents.@*METHODS@#One hundred and three healthy boys aged from 13 years and 9 months to 14 years and 3 months in Lengshuijiang, Hunan, China were enrolled in this study. X-ray films of their left hand-wrist were taken dorsaventrally, and 15 selected sites on the wrist X-ray films were examined and measured under standard condition. The development grade was confirmed by maximum percentage to establish a method to estimate the bone age, which was then checked by single blind method.@*RESULTS@#Development grade of the first metacarpal bone and the first phalanx IV was partially closed (less than 1/3), but the rest was non-closed. The cross diameters of all the osteoepiphysis were wider than that of all the diaphysis. The development grade of the fourth metacarpal bone and the fifth metacarpal bone as well as the adjacent third phalanx were different in both younger age group (<14 years, mostly non-closed) and the older age group (>14 years, mostly closed). The confirmed accuracy (in 30 boys) was 80%.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study seems to be feasible in establishing the estimation standard for skeletal age determination using developmental metaphysis and anthropometry. The standard may be particularly helpful in forensic practice for estimation of accurate criminal responsible age in adolescents.

Adverse drug events and its forensic medical identification / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the basic principles and important rules of forensic identification of adverse drug events and to accumulate basic data and to provide references for forensic identification of similar cases.@*METHODS@#Thirty-three cases of adverse drug events in our forensic identification files were retrospectively reviewed, analyzed, and summarized.@*RESULTS@#There were 27 live and 6 dead victims included in this study. Our study showed a gradually increasing numbers of adverse drug cases in forensic identification year by year with a slight female predominance (20/33 cases, 60.6%). Of the 33 victims, nearly two-thirds (21/33, 63.6%) were due to hospital errors including only one case of drug overdose (1/21, 4.8%), whereas the rest were not related to the hospital errors. Eight cases (8/33, 24.2%) were caused by illegal medical practitioners due to improper use of medication.@*CONCLUSION@#Investigators need to pay more attention to the characteristics and complexities of adverse drug events on a case by case basis encountered in increasing numbers of more and more such forensic identification.

Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy with Acupuncture / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: to observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture on diabetic nephropathy.Methods: altogether 54 cases were randomly allocated into acupuncture group (30 cases) and control group of western medications (24 cases), the latter was treated with routine western medication, while the former was combined acupuncture based on routine western medication,and the treatment course of the two groups were both 30 days. Results: the effect of treatment group was superior to the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: acupuncture can improve symptoms of diabetic nephropathy, lower blood glucose, urine albumin, blood urine nitrogen,and creatinine and improve the function of kidney.

Clinical observation on acupuncture for treatment of diabetic nephropathy / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture on early metaphase diabetic nephropathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-four cases of diabetes were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (n=30) and a control group (n=24). The patients in the two groups were all treated by oral administration of Gliguidon or subcutaneous injection of insulin with acupuncture at Ganshu (BL 18), Weiwanxiashu (EX-B 3), Shenshu (BL 23), Guanyuan (CV 4) and other acupoints added in the acupuncture group, for 30 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 93.3% in the acupuncture group and 66.7% in the control group. After treatment, blood beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), and urine beta2-MG in the acupuncture group decreased significantly with a significant difference as compared with those in the control group; total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) significantly decreased and high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly increased in the acupuncture group with significant differences compared with the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture can improve lipid metabolism and protect the renal function of the patient with early metaphase diabetes.</p>

Accuracy of age estimation in 14-year-old females by two skeletal age standards / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the accurate of Li Guozhen's Percent Numeration and the Development Standard of Chinese Wrist Bone CHN Numeration of age estimation in 14-year-old females.@*METHODS@#Fifty-one 14-year-old females from three middle schools in Loudi City in Hunan were selected randomly, whose left wrists were photographed with X-rays under the same condition. Skeletal age was estimated following the two numerations. The two skeletal ages were compared with each other and with chronological age.@*RESULTS@#The skeletal age from Percent Numeration and CHN Numeration have no significance difference, P > 0.05. And the skeletal ages of the two Numerations have no significance difference either, P > 0.05.@*CONCLUSION@#The Percent Numeration and the CHN Numeration are still suited for age estimation in 14-year-old females.

"The severe degree of negligence" and its application in the settle of medical malpractice / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To found the quantifiable index of "The severe degree of negligence" in describing the general severity degree of medical malpractice or medical dispute.@*METHODS@#"The severe degree of negligence" can be calculated by the way of multiplying the coefficient of medical malpractice's grade by the coefficient of responsibility degree.@*RESULTS@#There are 15 grades of "The severe degree of negligence" through calculation, from the severest degree of 1 to the lightest degree of 20.@*CONCLUSION@#"The severe degree of negligence" can give an order of severe degree to different grade and different responsibility of medical malpractice. According to this order, the operation of medical malpractice and medical dispute settle will be easier and more rationality.

Clinical Features of Juvenile Dermatomyositis / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and treatment regiment of children with juvenile dermatomyositis(JDM).Methods The clinical manifestation,changes of serum muscale enzyme,myopathic laboratory examination,treatment and prognosis of 15 children with JDM retrospectively admitted from Jan.1990 to Jan.2004 were analyzed.Results All of the children had symmetrical weakness of the proximal muscles.The most frequent features were heliotrope and Gottron's papules.Elevated muscle enzymes were noted in all cases.Electromyography revealed typical change of myopathic type and muscle biopsy was compalible with myositis in all cases.Most of patients achieved normal muscle enzymes within 1 month and had improved muscle strength with 2.5 monthes of the initiation of corticosteroid therapy.Conclusion It is very important to know the clinical features of JDM,and prompt diagnosis and treatment will result in an improved prognosis.

Endoscopic Characteristics and Clinical Analysis of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of endoscopic findings in Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP),especially when abdominal pain preceded the cutaneous lesions.Methods The clinical data and gastroscopic findings in 37 cases of children with HSP were studied and analysed retrospectively in order to detect the pathological changes in the stomach and duodenum mucosa.The biopsy was taken in the pathological changeing place,and the relationship between clinical and endoscopic findings was analyzed.Results Detection rate of the pathological changes in the stomach and duodenum mucosa was 62.2%,31.3% of which experienced only cutaneous lesions,100% of which presented the acute abdominal pain.Three patients were not checked up the pathological changes.Of them,1 had arthritis,2 had Henoch-Schonlein nephritis.Characteristically endoscopic findings in the stomach and duodenum mucosa were found.The endoscopic findings included anabrosis,hyperemia,edema and hemorrhage.Conclusions Detection rate of the pathological changes in the stomach and duodenum mucosa is higher.Endoscopy is very helpful to the early diagnosis of HSP in children,especially abdominal pain presented firstly.