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The radioactive safety of drinking water has attracted increasing public concern. The newly issued Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749-2022) in China has revised the radiological parameters. This article provides an overview of the main sources, levels of radionuclides in drinking water, and summarized the individual doses criterion and adverse health effects associated with exposure of the public to radionuclides from drinking-water. It analyzes and discusses the relevant revision content of radiological parameters, including the guidance values for screening gross α and gross β, subtracting the contribution of potassium-40 from gross β activity when the gross β activity concentration exceeds the screening level, and the basis for establishing the limit values of reference indices uranium and radium-226. Specific implementation and evaluation suggestions are also proposed.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Drinking Water , Radioisotopes/analysis , Uranium/analysis , Water SupplyABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effectiveness and adverse effects of Cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on liver metastases from PCa.@*METHODS@#From June 2009 to September 2016, we treated 20 cases of PCa liver metastases by Cyberknife SBRT, at a total dose of 36 (30－50) Gy, on 1－3 liver metastatic lesions, for 3－5 times, with a prescription isodose line of 70－92%. We assessed the therapeutic effect according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), calculated the survival and disease-control rates using the Kaplan-Meier method, and analyzed the adverse events based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events－Version 4.0 (CTCAE 4.0).@*RESULTS@#Of all the cases treated, complete response (CR) was found in 8 (40.0%), partial response (PR) in 9 (45.0%), stable disease (SD) in 2 (10.0%), and progressive disease (PD) in 1 (5.0%), with a local control rate (CR+PR) of 85.0% and a disease-control rate (CR+PR+SD) of 95.0%. Among the 14 patients with elevated PSA, 10 (71.4%) showed a significant decrease after treatment. The median follow-up time was 17 months, the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 85.0% and 15.0%, respectively, and the median survival time of the 20 patients was 16.5 months (95% CI: 12.12－22.88). Cyberknife SBRT was well tolerated in all the patients, with only a few mild adverse events (mainly grades 1 and 2 but no 4 and 5) during the whole course of treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cyberknife SBRT is safe and effective in the treatment of PCa liver metastases, with a high local control rate, and capable of reducing the PSA level and raising the long-term survival rate of the patients.
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A magnetic metal organic framework (MMOF) was synthesized and used to separate Sr2+ in aqueous solution. The shape and structure of prepared Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 were characterized, and the absorbed concentration of strontium was determined through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicated that Fe3O4 and UiO-66-NH2 combined through chemical bonding. The experimental adsorption results for separation of Sr2+ in aqueous solution indicated that the adsorption of Sr2+ to Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 increased drastically from pH 11 to pH 13. The adsorption isotherm model indicated that the adsorption of Sr2+ conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.9919). The MMOF thus inherited the superior qualities of magnetic composites and metal organic frameworks, and can easily be separated under an external magnetic field. This MMOF thus has potential applications as a magnetic adsorbent for low level radionuclide 90Sr.
Subject(s)
Adsorption , Ferrosoferric Oxide , Chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Metal-Organic Frameworks , Chemistry , Models, Theoretical , Nanoparticles , Chemistry , Strontium , Surface Properties , Water Pollutants, Radioactive , Water Purification , MethodsABSTRACT
The study aims to investigate the effect of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus on cytochrome c oxidase(COX) activity in rat hepatic tissues and explore its possible mechanism of DNA methylation. Male SD rats received aqueous extract of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (2.0，6.0 g•kg⁻¹) by intragastric administration for 30 d. After the rats were sacrificed, hepatic tissues of rats were taken to detect COX activity, protein concentration of COX4I1, TET1 and DNMT3A protein levels, mRNA expression levels of Cox4i1, Dnmt3a and Tet1, and determine the DNA methylation frequency of Cox4i1.Results showed that both low and high doses of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus could significantly increase COX activity and concentration of COX4I1(P<0.05), with a decreasing tendency of both TET1 protein and DNMT3a protein expression； however, mRNA expression levels of Cox4i1, Dnmt3a and Tet1 were not significantly changed by Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. In addition, DNA methylation frequency of Cox4i1 in high dose group showed a declining tendency as compared with the blank control group, but without significant difference.These results indicated that Ligustri Lucidi Fructus had promotive effect on hepatic COX activity in rats, which may be achieved by increasing protein content of COX4I1. Moreover, a decreased tendency of DNMT3A protein could be one of the reasons for the lower trend of Cox4i1 methylation rate. In addition, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus may regulate the expression levels of DNMT3A and TET1 in the same direction and its mechanism is not clear.
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Objective To establish a rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) by using 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy method , then observe and evaluate the effect of Turbidity‐reducing Granule on the intestinal immune function of rats with CRF .Methods CRF model Wistar rats were divided into high ,medium and low dose group ,sham operation group ,and model control group .respec‐tively given Turbidity‐reducing Granule 4 .05 ,8 .10 ,16 .20 g · kg -1 · d-1 .Benazepril group was given 2 mL/d (1 .2 mg/d) Benaze‐pril suspension fed;model control group and the sham group are saline 2 mL/d orally .The rats were observed before and after treat‐ment of signs and general condition ,serum BUN ,Scr changes ,and pathological changes were observed under microscope .ELISA method were used to detect serum and intestinal SIgA .Results Turbidity‐reducing Granule reduced the level of serum BUN ,Scr in rats with CRF ,there were statistically significant differences of Benazepril group and high ,medium ,low dose of Turbidity‐reducing Granule group compared with model group(P<0 .05) .Compared with the model group ,the intestinal SIgA of Benazepril group and low ,middle ,high dose of group increased significantly(P<0 .05);intestinal SIgA in ,middle and high dose group were significantly increased compared with Benazepril group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Turbidity‐reducing Granule could improve renal function and in‐testinal immune function .
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Nuts have received increased attention from the public in recent years as important sources of some essential elements, and information on the levels of elements in edible nuts is useful to consumers. Determination of the elemental distributions in nuts is not only necessary in evaluating the total dietary intake of the essential elements, but also useful in detecting heavy metal contamination in food. The aim of this study was to determine the mineral contents in edible nuts, and to assess the food safety of nuts in the Beijing market. Levels of Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb, Th, and U in 11 types of edible nuts and seeds (macadamia nuts, lotus nuts, pistachios, sunflower seeds, pine nuts, almonds, walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts, cashews, and ginkgo nuts) as well as raisins were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The accuracy of the method was validated using standard reference materials GBW10014 (cabbage) and GBW10016 (tea). Our results provide useful information for evaluating the levels of trace elements in edible nuts in the Beijing market, will be helpful for improving food safety, and will aid in better protecting consumer interests.
Subject(s)
China , Food Analysis , Methods , Food Safety , Mass Spectrometry , Nuts , Chemistry , Trace ElementsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical efficacy of warming Shen, enhancing Yang, invigorating qi, and nourishing blood method (WSEYIQNBM) combined artificial cycle therapy in treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF) patients of Shen yang deficiency syndrome (SYDS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 96 POF patients of SYDS were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 48 in each group. Patients in the treatment group were treated with WSEYIQNBM combined artificial cycle therapy, while those in the control group were treated with Western medicine artificial cycle therapy. One month constituted 1 course, a total of 3 courses. The menstruation and main symptoms were observed before and after treatment. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) were detected before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 85.43% in the treatment group, higher than that of the control group (79.17%, P < 0.05). Besides, better effect in improving Chinese medical symptoms was obtained in the treatment group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>POF patients' serum hormone levels and clinical symptoms could be improved by WSEYIQNBM combined artificial cycle therapy.</p>