The synergistic effect of withaferin A combined with cisplatin on cervical cancer and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the synergistic effect of withaferin A (WA) combined with cisplatin (DDP) on cervical cancer and its mechanism. Methods MTT assay was employed to detect the synergistic effect of WA on DDP in cervical cancer cell lines. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, TUNEL assay and immunoblotting were used to investigate the effect of WA combined with DDP on apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were used to detect NF-kB/MDR1 pathway related proteins. DCFH-DA and MitoSOX were applied to determine the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. A xenograft model was also used to evaluate the synergistic effect of WA on DDP. Results The combination of WA and DDP could inhibit the survival of cervical cancer cells, promote apoptosis, and inhibit the growth of tumor in mice. WA could inhibit DDP-induced NF-kB/MDR1 signaling pathway and promote ROS production. Conclusions WA plays a synergistic role in anti-cervical cancer by inhibiting DDP-induced NF-kB/MDR1 pathway activation and enhancing DDP induced ROS production.

Mining and identification of members of MYB transcription factor family in Lonicera macranthoides / 中国中药杂志

As a large family of transcription factors, the MYB family plays a vital role in regulating flower development. We studied the MYB family members in Lonicera macranthoides for the first time and identified three sequences of 1R-MYB, 47 sequences of R2R3-MYB, two sequences of 3R-MYB, and one sequence of 4R-MYB from the transcriptome data. Further, their physicochemical properties, conserved domains, phylogenetic relationship, protein structure, functional information, and expression were analyzed. The results show that the 53 MYB transcription factors had different conserved motifs, physicochemical properties, structures, and functions in wild type and 'Xianglei' cultivar of L. macranthoides, indicating their conservation and diversity in evolution. The transcript level of LmMYB was significantly different between the wild type and 'Xianglei' cultivar as well as between flowers and leaves, and some genes were specifically expressed. Forty-three out of 53 LmMYB sequences were expressed in both flowers and leaves, and 9 of the LmMYB members showed significantly different transcript levels between the wild type and 'Xianglei' cultivar, which were up-regulated in the wild type. The results provide a theoretical basis for further studying the specific functional mechanism of the MYB family.

Population structure of food-borne Staphylococcus aureus in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the population structure of food-borne Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in China. Methods: Whole genome sequencing was used to analyze 763 food-borne S. aureus strains from 16 provinces in China from 2006 to 2020. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing, and staphylococcal chromosome cassettemec (SCCmec) typing were conducted, and minimum spanning tree based on ST types (STs) was constructed by BioNumerics 7.5 software. Thirty-one S. aureus strains isolated from imported food products were also included in constructing the genome phylogenetic tree. Results: A total of 90 STs (20 novel types) and 160 spa types were detected in the 763 S. aureus isolates. The 72 STs (72/90, 80.0%) were related to 22 clone complexes. The predominant clone complexes were CC7, CC1, CC5, CC398, CC188, CC59, CC6, CC88, CC15, and CC25, accounting for 82.44% (629/763) of the total. The STs and spa types in the predominant clone complexes changed over the years. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) detection rate was 7.60%, and 7 SCCmec types were identified. The ST59-t437-Ⅳa (17.24%, 10/58), ST239-t030-Ⅲ (12.07%, 7/58), ST59-t437-Ⅴb (8.62%, 5/58), ST338-t437-Ⅴb (6.90%, 4/58) and ST338-t441-Ⅴb (6.90%, 4/58) were the main types in MRSA strains. The genome phylogenetic tree had two clades, and the strains with the same CC, ST, and spa types clustered together. All CC7 methicillin sensitive S. aureus strains were included in Clade1, while 21 clone complexes and all MRSA strains were in Clade2. The MRSA strains clustered according to the SCCmec and STs. The strains from imported food products in CC398, CC7, CC30, CC12, and CC188 had far distances from Chinese strains in the tree. Conclusions: In this study, the predominant clone complexes of food-borne strains were CC7, CC1, CC5, CC398, CC188, CC59, CC6, CC88, CC15, and CC25, which overlapped with the previously reported clone complexes of hospital and community-associated strains in China, suggesting that close attention needs to be paid to food, a vehicle of pathogen transmission in community and food poisoning.

Exploring the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in schizophrenia based on GEO database / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo provide a new idea for exploring the molecular genetic approach to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia via construction of microRNA-messenger RNA （miRNA-mRNA） regulatory network in schizophrenia. MethodsThe microarray datasets of GSE54578 miRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood and GSE145554 mRNA expression in the anterior cingulate in postmortem brain of schizophrenic subjects were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database since July 2021. The GEO2R was used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs， screen the miRNA with target differentially expressed mRNA， and predict their potential upstream transcription factors. The overlapping genes from the mRNA targeted by the differentially expressed miRNA and the mRNA differentially expressed in GSE145554 dataset were collected. Then the biological features of hub genes were analyzed via Gene Ontology （GO） analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis， and the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network and miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of hub genes were constructed. ResultsA total of 8 up-regulated differentially expressed miRNAs with targeted mRNA were screened out in GSE54578 datasets regarding schizophrenia， which involved in the regulation of 10 transcription factors， 247 down-regulated differentially expressed mRNAs were screened out in GSE145554 datasets， and 17 overlapping mRNAs were obtained. GO analysis showed that the target mRNAs were mainly involved in astrocyte differentiation and development. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the target mRNAs were mainly involved in Rap1 and Ras signaling pathways. PPI network analysis showed that the mRNAs （KRAS and CD28） might be key genes in schizophrenia. ConclusionThe integrated bioinformatics analysis based on GEO database can identify potential susceptibility genes in schizophrenia， and it also contributes to the construction of miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in schizophrenia.

Research progression on safety verification of diving decompression procedures / 中国职业医学

@#A diving decompression procedure is a specific rule that divers should follow when they ascend and get out of water. It comes from the decompression theory and algorithm and is designed for the prevention of decompression sickness. With the ， ， development of diving technology and diving medicine the decompression procedures are constantly innovated and the new ， decompression procedure can be used in diving practice after safety verification. In principle the safety verification of ， decompression procedures should be conducted on animal experiments before human experiments and the risks of ， decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity should be systematically assessed. However the assessment methods used in ， ， ， different studies differ greatly thus it is urgent to establish a standard and universal verification system. Traditionally the risk ， ， assessment of decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity is mainly carried out by observing the incidence detecting bubbles ， theoretical calculation and lung functional test. Furthermore biochemical indicators are increasingly becoming important ， ， supplements. Due to the special underwater environment the diving operation is prone to accidents. Therefore in addition to ， verifying the safety of the new decompression procedure exploring its safety decompression limit is of great significance for the formulation of emergency decompression procedures in emergency situations. The specific approach is to shorten the decompression time and assess the safety until the critical time for detecting bubbles without the occurrence of decompression ， ， sickness is found. Future studies should continue to optimize safety assessment methods explore sensitive biochemical markers ， clarify species associations and improve verification efficiency and reliability of results.

Cloning and function analysis of chalcone isomerase gene and chalcone synthase gene in Lonicera macranthoides / 中国中药杂志

In order to explore the functions of genes of key rate-limiting enzymes chalcone isomerase(CHI) and chalcone synthase(CHS) in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Lonicera macranthoides, this study screened and cloned the cDNA sequences of CHI and CHS genes from the transcriptome data of conventional variety and 'Xianglei' of L. macranthoides. Online bioinformatics analysis software was used to analyze the characteristics of the encoded proteins, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of CHI and CHS in different parts of the varieties at different flowering stages. The content of luteo-loside was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and the correlation with the expression of the two genes was analyzed. The results showed that the CHI and CHS of the two varieties contained a 627 bp and 1170 bp open reading frame(ORF), respectively, and the CHI protein and CHS protein were stable, hydrophilic, and non-secretory. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that CHI and CHS of the two varieties were differentially expressed in stems and leaves at different flowering stages, particularly the key stages. Based on HPLC data, luteoloside content was in negative correlation with the relative expression of the genes. Thus, CHI and CHS might regulate the accumulation of flavonoids in L. macranthoides, and the specific functions should be further studied. This study cloned CHI and CHS in L. macranthoides and analyzed their expression for the first time, which laid a basis for investigating the molecular mechanism of the differences in flavonoids such as luteoloside in L. macranthoides and variety breeding.

Changes in Diversity of Intestinal Butyrate-producing Bacteria During Treatment with Shenling Baizhusan and Lizhongtang in Animal Model of AAD / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the microecological mechanisms of Shenling Baizhusan （SLBZ） and Lizhongtang （LZ） in treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea （AAD） based on changes in the diversity of intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into an SLBZ group （5.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and an LZ group （5.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. The gut microbiota disturbance model was induced by intragastric administration of clindamycin hydrochloride （315 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） and AAD model by <italic>Clostridium difficile</italic>. Subsequently， the rats were treated correspondingly. Fecal samples at different stages were collected and the total DNA was extracted. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification was performed with the primers of butyryl coenzyme A （CoA）-CoA transferase genes. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced to analyze the diversity response of butyrate-producing bacteria. Result:After treatment， both groups showed increased food uptake， formed feces， glossy and smooth fur， and improved activity and sensitivity. With the butyryl CoA-CoA transferase gene as the molecular marker， 297 sequences of butyrate-producing bacteria in the SLBZ group （SPD for short） and 300 sequences of butyrate-producing bacteria in the LZ group （LPD for short） were obtained. In the SLBZ group， 98， 100， and 99 sequences of SPD were obtained at the normal stage， the modeling stage， and the treatment stage， respectively， belonging to 8， 3， and 6 operational taxonomic units （OTUs）， with similarity ranges of 78%-97%， 86%-99% ， and 81%-97%. The number of OTUs recovered to 75% of the normal level after treatment. In the LZ group， 100 sequences of LPD were obtained at the normal stage， the modeling stage， and the treatment stage， respectively， belonging to 6， 2， and 4 OTUs， with similarity ranges of 83%-97%， 92%-99%， and 85%-99%. The number of OTUs recovered to 80% of the normal level after treatment. Butyrate-producing bacteria were present in all stages of the two groups， dominated by Firmicutes， accounting for more than 98% of the total number. The effects of SLBZ on SPD at the genus level were observed in the significant decrease in <italic>Clostridium</italic> abundance and the significant increase in <italic>Eubacterium</italic> abundance. The effect of LZ on LPD was mainly concentrated on the <italic>Roseburia </italic>at the genus level， and LZ also increased the abundance of <italic>Eubacterium</italic>， <italic>Lacrimi</italic>sp<italic>ora</italic>， and <italic>Clostridium</italic>. According to the phylogenetic tree， the classification of butyrate-producing bacteria increased from five clusters to seven clusters after SLBZ treatment， while that increased from three clusters to nine clusters after LZ treatment. Conclusion:In the treatment of AAD， SLBZ and LZ can regulate the structure and abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the intestine， restore their diversity， and improve the instability of the intestinal microecological environment.

Progress in antitumor activity of baicalin / 药学学报

Flavonoids baicalin is the main bioactive component extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Baicalin has high medicinal value and shows extensive pharmacological effects including antitumor, antibiosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, neuro-protection, and significant potential in tumor treatment. Recent studies have shown that baicalin suppresses the growth of many kinds of human cancer. The underlying mechanisms include induction of apoptosis, induction of cell cycle arrest, inhibition of tumor metastasis, suppression of angiogenesis, and so on. This article reviewed the research progress of baicalin on its antitumor pharmacology and possible mechanisms at home and abroad, and provided the basis for its further research.

Cloning and Expression Patterns of LmC3H1 Gene in Lonicera macranthoides and Its Correlation with Chlorogenic Acid Content / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To clone p-coumaroyl quinate/shikimate 3' -hydroxylase gene from Lonicera macranthoides, and analyze its bioinformatics and expression patterns with chlorogenic acid content, in order to speculate the functions of LmC3H1 gene from L. macranthoides. Method::The full-length cDNA sequence of LmC3H1 gene was cloned by reverse trascription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and RACE techniques. The bioinformatics analysis of the gene sequence was carried out by using relevant software.Real-time fluorescence quantification PCR(Real-time PCR) and HPLC were used to determine relative expression of LmC3H1 and content of chlorogenic acid in stems, leaves and flowers of different flowering stages. Result::The LmC3H1 (GenBank: MN177695) gene was cloned, and the open reading frame (ORF) of it was 1 533 bp in length and encoded 510 amino acids. The molecular formula was C2618H4134N718O727S22, the relative molecular mass was 58 005.32, and the isoelectric point was 8.92.It was a hydrophilic protein located in the chloroplast with a transmembrane region LLLIPAVLFLISLVYPLI, and contained a conserved domain CYTOCHROME_P450(433-422 aa) in cytochrome P450.The results of Real-time PCR showed that LmC3H1 was expressed in different degrees in stems, leaves and different flowering stages of L. macranthoides. In the flower development stage, the relative expression of white bud stage was the highest, followed by flower buds and white flowering stage. The ratio of flower to stem and leaf was the highest, and the relative expression of flower was the highest. The HPLC results showed that the content of chlorogenic acid increased from greenish white to golden yellow in flowering stage and golden yellow flowering stage. Among the different organs, the flower had the highest chlorogenic acid, and the stem showed the lowest. Conclusion::The LmC3H1 gene of L. macranthoides is cloned, suggesting that LmC3H1 might be involved in the biosynthesis of L. macranthoides chlorogenic acid. This study provides a basis for further studying the functions of the gene and exploring the biosynthesis and regulation mechanism of L. macranthoides chlorogenic acid, while laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of L. macranthoides.

Advances in Pharmacological Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on "Butyric Acid Producing Bacteria-Polysaccharides of Traditional Chinese Medicine" / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The latest research shows that the intestinal flora is closely related to the pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）, and the study of microecological mechanism is a new direction of pharmacology of TCM. Among many functional groups of intestinal flora, butyric acid producing bacteria is an important functional group of intestinal flora. It can ferment dietary fiber, carbohydrate, endogenous protein and so on to produce metabolites. The imbalance of its flora is also related to the occurrence of a variety of diseases. The reason is that butyric acid is an important secondary metabolite of butyrobacteria. As an important short chain fatty acid, butyric acid can maintain intestinal health, regulate immune system and inflammatory response, regulate energy metabolism, and affect cell fraction Chemokines and apoptosis play an important role. Polysaccharide of TCM has the characteristics of high content, not easy to be digested and absorbed by the host, but can be decomposed and utilized by intestinal flora. It can be used as the carbon source of bacteria to regulate the intestinal flora, including butyric acid producing bacteria, and improve the structure of intestinal flora to achieve the purpose of disease treatment. Therefore, based on "butyric acid producing bacteria-polysaccharide of TCM", it is a new field in the study of microecological mechanism of TCM to study the pharmacology of TCM from the function of intestinal bacteria and the polysaccharide component of flora carbon source. Based on the latest literature and microecological pharmacology of TCM, this paper reviews the role of butyric acid, the molecular mechanism of butyric acid producing bacteria using polysaccharide of TCM, the relationship between polysaccharide of TCM and butyric acid producing bacteria, and discusses the relationship between butyric acid producing bacteria and polysaccharide of TCM. It also looks forward to the research of TCM pharmacology based on "butyric acid producing bacteria-polysaccharide of TCM", in order to provide a reference for the research progress of TCM pharmacology based on "butyric acid producing bacteria-polysaccharide of TCM".

Effect and Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang on Atherosclerotic Plaque Based on Treg Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the effect and mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT) on atherosclerotic plaque based on regulatory T cells (Treg) and inflammation. Method::Totally 50 ApoE knockout(ApoE-/-)mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into model group, low, medium, high-dose BYHWT groups, positive control group, and C57/BL mice were taken as control group. The model group and the BYHWT group were given high-fat diet for 12 weeks, while the control group was given normal diet. After successful modeling, BYHWT groups were given drugs (5, 10, 20 g·kg-1) through intragastric administration, the positive control group was given rapamycin (4 mg·kg-1), while the control group and the model group were given equal doses normal saline through intragastric administration for 4 weeks. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed. Manufactured paraffin sections were prepared for the aortic sinus of the heart. The plaque area was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the number of Treg cells in immunohistochemical staining plaque was detected. Blood was collected from eye canthus of mice, the expression of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) gene expression in peripheral blood was detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Result::Compared with the control group, the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01), the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased (P<0.05), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the peripheral blood Fxop3 mRNA expression was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the plaque areas in middle-dose and high-dose BYHWT groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05), the peripheral blood TNF-α and IL-6 contents were decreased (P<0.01), the TGF-β and IL-10 expressions were increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05, P<0.01), the number of Treg cells in the plaque was increased in the high-dose group (P<0.01), and the peripheral blood Fxop3 mRNA expression was increased in each BYHWT group (P<0.01). Conclusion::BYHWT has an anti-atherosclerosis effect, which may be related to the increase of the number of Treg cells and thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response in vivo.

Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in postoperative rehabilitation of osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures with percutaneous vertebroplasty or percutaneous kyphoplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study effects of postoperative regular training of core muscle strength guided by the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the rehabilitation of elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar vertebral compression fracture after vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty(PKP).@*METHODS@#Ninety-four elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures who underwent PKP or PVP from January 2016 to January 2018 and met inclusion criteria were divided into observation group and control group. All the patients were treated with routine anti osteoporosis therapy after operation. There were 47 patients in the observationgroup, including 18 males and 29 females, with an average age of (62.62±3.21) years old;in the control group, there were 47 cases, including 17 males and 30 females, with an average age of (62.38±2.84) years old. The patients in the control group were trained by traditional way, and the patients in observation group were instructed to conduct regular training of core muscle strength according to ERAS concept. The patients were followed up for 1, 3 and 6 months after operation. Patients' conditions were quantitatively evaluated according to Barthel scale, JOA low back pain score and Oswestry Disability Index, and the differences in treatment effects between two groups were statistically analyzed and compared.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up, and the Barthel scale, JOA low back pain score and Oswestry Disability Index score of the observation group were all better than those of the control group on the 1st and the 3rd months after surgery(@*CONCLUSION@#Early regular core strength training has a positive effect on early functional recovery and improvement of life ability after PKP or PVP for elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures, which is in line with the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery.

Comparison of immunohistochemical stain and 14C urea breath test in the diagnosis of helicobacter pylori associated gastritis / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To evaluate the value of immunohistochemical stain (IHC) in the diagnosis of helicobacter pylori (HP) -associated gastritis with gastric biopsy tissue. Method239 cases of gastric biopsy were selected. All patients had14 C urea breath test (UBT) at the time of gastric biopsy. IHC for HP was performed with the biopsy tissues. The results were compared with gold standard results. Gold standard was established according to the Chinese Fourth National Consensus report on HP infection with modification. It was considered positive if two or more of the three test results were positive, including IHC, UBT, and HE. Results 239 gastric biopsy specimens fit the criteria. Compared with the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity value of IHC stains were 97.3％ and 100.0％ respectively, higher than 91.1％, 81.9％ of 14 C UBT, and 80.4％, 92.9％ of HE stain respectively. The14 C UBT showed 9.6％ false positive rate, and 4.2％ false negative rate. Conclusion IHC is a valuable test in the diagnosis of HP-associated gastritis, and it should be recommended for routine histopathologic diagnostic workup if HP gastritis is clinically suspected or chronic active gastritis is identified in the biopsy tissue.

Present situation and development strategy of Alpinia oxyphylla / 中国中药杂志

@#Alpinia oxyphylla is mainly produced in Hainan,and also one of the four famous traditional Chinese medicines in South China with increasing importance in traditional Chinese medicine industry. Field surveys and literatures show that A. oxyphylla has widely used as a medicinal and edible plant,it is an important raw material for many Chinese patent medicines,health products and food,with a long history of artificial cultivation and application. The future development is prospected on health market. But A. oxyphylla industry has faced a lot of problems,including unreasonable planting layout,lack of good varieties,imperfect seed breeding system,low level of standardization,inconsistent quality of medicinal materials,low level of industry,and so on. The suggestions for sustainable development are listed below.First,it is essential to strengthen the research on the basis and application technology of A. oxyphylla,speed up the selection and breeding of improved varieties,and popularize standardized cultivation techniques. Secondly,it is important to strengthen the research on quality standards,improve the quality evaluation system of medicinal materials. Thirdly,it is necessary to take full advantage of the functional components to develop functional products with Hainan characteristics,find out the unique product characteristics of A. oxyphylla,build a famous brand and improve the product competitiveness in the market. It is also important to strengthen policy support and industrial supervision,promote the healthy and rapid development of A. oxyphylla industry.

Effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning combined with induced urination on urinary retention after milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning combined with induced urination on urinary retention after milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy.@*METHODS@#Eighty patients with mixed hemorrhoids were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture group and a routine group, 40 cases in each group. Anesthesia at Yaoshu (GV 2) was given in the two groups. In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture at Zhongji (CV 3)，Guanyuan (CV 4)，Pangguangshu (BL 28) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) was applied with tolerant intensity for 30 min before operation, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency. After operation, induced urination was given, namely hot compress of bladder area and sound of hearing water. In the routine group，induced urination was given after operation. The score of the first urination waiting time, the distension of lower abdomen on the evening of the postoperative, the first time urinary volume and incidence of urinary retention were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The scores of the first urination waiting time after operation and distension of lower abdomen in the evening of the postoperative in the electroacupuncture group were lower than those in the routine group, the first time urinary volume was more than that in the routine group, and the incidence of urinary retention was lower than that in the routine group (5.0% (2/40) vs 22.5% (9/40), all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture preconditioning combined with induced urination can effectively prevent the incidence of urinary retention after milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy.

Effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning with different frequencies on anal pain after milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning with different frequencies on anal pain after milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with mixed hemorrhoids were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture group A (dilatational wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency), an electroacupuncture group B (continuous wave, 2 Hz in frequency) and an electroacupuncture group C (continuous wave, 100 Hz in frequency), 40 cases in each group. Electroacupuncture at Xialiao (BL 34) and Chengshan (BL 57) was applied with tolerant intensity for 30 min before operation in all groups. The number of additional anesthetic drugs in the 3 groups, the visual anal pain score (VAS) and limb activity score at 4, 12, and 24 h after operation, the maximum VAS score within 24 h after surgery and oral dose of aminophenol dihydrocodeine were compared.@*RESULTS@#The number of additional anesthetic drugs in the electroacupuncture group A, the electroacupuncture group B and the electroacupuncture group C were 4, 5, 4 respectively, and there was not statistically significant (>0.05). There was no significant difference in the anal pain VAS score and limb activity score at 4 h after operation among the 3 groups (>0.05), at the 12 h after operation, the VAS scores and limb activity scores in the electroacupunctures group A and B were lower than those in the electroacupuncture group C (<0.05), at 24 h after operation, the VAS score and limb activity score in the electroacupuncture group A were lower than those in the electroacupuncture group B and C (<0.05), the maximum VAS score within 24 h and oral dose of aminophenol dihydrocodeine within 24 h after operation in the electroacupuncture group A were lower than those in the electroacupuncture group B and C (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Different frequency electroacupuncture preconditioning has the effect of alleviating anal pain after milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture with different frequencies is different. The electroacupuncture analgesic effect of 2 Hz /100 Hz dilatational wave is better than 2 Hz and 100 Hz continuous waves.

Upper airway cough syndrome in 103 children / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#In China, upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) is only less frequent than cough-variant asthma and accounts for 24.71% of chronic cough. This study aimed to determine the pathogenetic constituents and factors affecting UACS in children of different age groups, and to identify clinical clues for diagnosing UACS and a method for curative effect evaluation.@*METHODS@#A total of 103 children with UACS whose chief complaint was chronic cough were studied from January to November 2013 at Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics. According to their age, children with UACS were divided into 3 groups: nursing children, pre-school children, and school-age children. We analyzed the differences in pathogenetic constituents and factors affecting UACS in children. The effect of UACS treatment was evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) and an objective examination. Chi-squared test and analysis of variance were performed with the SPSS 19.0 statistical software.@*RESULTS@#There was a high incidence of UACS in school-age children. Rhinitis with adenoid hypertrophy was the main cause of 103 suspected UACS cases. Adenoidal hypertrophy was the major cause of UACS in the pre-school children group, while rhinitis was the major reason in the nursing children and school-age children groups. Among the 103 children, there were 45 allergen-positive children, with no significant difference among different age groups. VAS scores in the different disease groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (all P < 0.01). VAS scores in different disease groups showed significant differences, except for 12 vs. 24 weeks after treatment (P = 0.023). Different age groups had different secondary complaints.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are different pathogeneses in different UACS age groups. Clinical treatment efficacy of children with UACS can be evaluated by the VAS combined with an objective examination. We recommend that the course of treatment should be 12 weeks.

Research Progress of Polysaccharide Utilization Loci and Its Application in Pharmacological Research of Chinese Medicinal Herb / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) are a group of gene clusters related to polysaccharides catabolism and located in specific areas, including starch utilization system(SusC), SusD, encoding outer membrane glycoprotein binding proteins, and carbohydrate active enzymes. The wide existence of PULs in Bacteroides, and the extraordinary ability of utilizing polysaccharide is its survival strategy to adapt to the intestinal tract. On one hand, Bacteroides feature a high abundance and variety, making it the most important bacterial target group regulated by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). On the other hand, polysaccharide is an important effective constituent among TCM chemicals, with a high content, and can also be used as a competitive carbon source for intestinal bacteria. Therefore, what is the mechanism of regulating the intestinal flora based on the carbon source of polysaccharide is an important part of the pharmacological research of TCM. According to the latest literatures, this paper introduces the gene and protein composition of PULs, reviews the latest developments in PULs research, and analyzes the structure of PULs in the genomes of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Furthermore, we also put forward a prospect for the pharmacological micro-ecological mechanism of TCM based on PULs based on our carbon source experiments, which focuses the effects of Bacteroides by TCM polysaccharides in vitro. This research is not only the new content of bacterial PULs researches, but also the important part of researches of "human-drug-bacteria" holistic view and TCM spleen-tonifying concept.

Roles of integrin in tumor development and the target inhibitors / 中国天然药物

Integrin is a large family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) which involves in the interaction of cells/cells and cells/ extracellular matrix (ECM) to mediate cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, etc. In recent years, aberrant expression of integrin has been clearly found in many tumor studies, indicating that integrin is closely related to tumor formation and development. Meanwhile, it has effects on tumor cell differentiation, cell migration, proliferation and tumor neovascularization. The study of drugs targeting integrins is of great significance for the clinical treatment of tumors. Because of its important role in tumorigenesis and development, integrin has become a promising target for the treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the role of integrin in tumor development and the current state of integrin inhibitors to provide a valuable reference for subsequent research.

The Application of "⊥"Trachea Incision in Tracheotomy / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective The study discusses the clinical efficacy, surgical technique and new technology application of "⊥" incision in tracheotomy. Methods From March 2014 to December 2015, a total of 300 patients treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University with tracheotomy prospective were studied.The statistics of success rate of incision, balloon cuff rupture and complications of "⊥" form incision (groupA) and"I"form incision (group B) during tracheotomy.Result In group A, 144 out of 150 cases (96%) were inserted successfully for the first try,while the first incision was successful in 90/150 cases of group B (60%) (P＜0.01) . Balloon cuff rupture was found in 3/150 cases (2%) in groupA and 15/150 cases (10%) in group B (P＜0.05) . The postoperative complications (postoperative bleeding, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax,laryngotracheal stenosis) were observed in 10/150 cases (6.7%) in groupA and 25/150 cases (16.7%) in group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion The"⊥" tracheal incision is simple, safe and causes fewer complications. It is worthy of generalization and application.