Epidemiological characteristics and psycho-psychological factors of senile arrhythmia in Xining area / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and psychological factors of senile arrhythmia in Xining area, and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of senile arrhythmia. Methods A total of 518 elderly patients treated in the department of Cardiology in Xining area from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected and divided into control group (without arrhythmia) and study group (with arrhythmia) according to whether the patients were complicated with arrhythmia. All subjects underwent 24h electrocardiographic monitoring to record heart rate, heart rate lead electrocardiogram and 24h dynamic electrocardiogram examination. Refer to the patient's medical records for general information, including age, gender, coronary heart disease, hypertension, etc.; Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, sleep and quality of life were analyzed. The correlation between PSQI score, HAMA-14 score, HAMD-17 score and arrhythmia was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Among 518 patients, 305 (58.89%) were complicated with arrhythmia, including 155 males and 150 females, with an average age of 76.15±3.79. Atrial arrhythmia accounted for 38.36% (117/305), sinus tachycardia accounted for 28.52% (87/305). Ventricular arrhythmias accounted for 11.48% (35/305); The incidence of arrhythmia in 70-79 year olds was significantly higher than that in 60-69 year olds (χ2=8.358 , P2=6.801, P2=1.534, P>0.05). The incidence of arrhythmia was significantly higher in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease (χ2=16.401, χ2=9.772 , P<0.05). There were significant differences in PSQI score, HAMA-14 score, HAMD-17 score between the two groups (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSQI score, HAMD-14 score and HAMD-17 score were positively correlated with the occurrence of arrhythmia in the elderly population in Xining area, with correlation coefficients r=0.417 , 0.607 , 0.653 (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of arrhythmia increases in the elderly population in Xining area, mainly in the rural elderly population, which is associated with depression and anxiety and sleep disorders and other psychological factors. Early detection and early intervention can improve the response to treatment and accessibility.

Catalysis-based specific detection and inhibition of tyrosinase and their application / 药物分析学报

Tyrosinase is an important enzyme in controlling the formation of melanin in melanosome, and plays a key role in the pigmentation of hair and skin. The abnormal expression or activation of tyrosinase is associated with several diseases such as albinism, vitiligo, melanoma and Parkinson disease. Excessive deposition of melanin could cause diseases such as freckles and brown spots in the human body, and it is also closely related to browning of fruits and vegetables and insect molting. Detecting and inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase is of extraordinary value in the progress of diagnosis and treatment of these dis-eases. Therefore, many selective optical detection probes and small molecular inhibitors have been developed, and have made significant contributions to the basic and clinical research on these diseases. In this paper, the detection and inhibition of tyrosinase and their application in whitening products are reviewed, with special emphasis on development of fluorescent probes and inhibitors. Hopefully, this review will help design more efficient and sensitive tyrosinase probes and inhibitors, as well as shed light on novel treatment of diseases such as melanoma.

Advances in syndrome and treatment of motor neuron disease with traditional Chinese medicine / 中国基层医药

Motor neuron disease(MND) is a group of progressive motor neuron diseases and the pathogenesis is not well defined.The pathologic hallmark of MND is death of lower motor neurons (consisting of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and their brainstem homologues innervating bulbar muscles ) and upper, or corticospinal,motor neurons.The clinical manifestations of MND are mucsle weakness ,muscle atrophy,fasciculations,bulbar paralysis and positive pyramidal signs.Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) named MND as flaccidity syndrome.Recently,some scholars have proposed that "MND" can be regarded as an independent research object of TCM.At present,symptomatic supportive treatment is the main treatment for MMD in western medicine ,which can only slow the progress of the disease.TCM treatment for MND has advantages of more effective than western medicine ,fewer adverse reactions and lower price.So TCM can be used as an effective method for combined treatment of MND.This article reviews the research progress of syndrome and treatment of MND with TCM.

Advances in syndrome and treatment of motor neuron disease with traditional Chinese medicine / 中国基层医药

Motor neuron disease(MND) is a group of progressive motor neuron diseases and the pathogenesis is not well defined.The pathologic hallmark of MND is death of lower motor neurons(consisting of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and their brainstem homologues innervating bulbar muscles) and upper, or corticospinal, motor neurons.The clinical manifestations of MND are mucsle weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, bulbar paralysis and positive pyramidal signs.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) named MND as flaccidity syndrome.Recently, some scholars have proposed that "MND" can be regarded as an independent research object of TCM.At present, symptomatic supportive treatment is the main treatment for MMD in western medicine, which can only slow the progress of the disease.TCM treatment for MND has advantages of more effective than western medicine, fewer adverse reactions and lower price.So TCM can be used as an effective method for combined treatment of MND.This article reviews the research progress of syndrome and treatment of MND with TCM.

Analysis on correlation between serum Lp-PLA2 level with ischemic stroke occurrence and prognosis in patients with hypertension / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level with the occurrence of ischemic stroke and prognosis in the patients with hypertension . Methods Eighty-eight patients with hypertension in this hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were se-lected ,including 34 cases of simple hypertension and 54 cases of hypertension complicating ischemic stroke . The Lp-PLA2 level was detected .The severity of ischemic stroke was evaluated on 1 ,14 d after admission by adopting the NIHSS .The patients with hypertension complicating ischemic stroke were divided into the good prognosis group and poor prognosis group according to the NIHSS change situation .Moreover the independent predictive factors of prognosis were evaluated by adopting the Logistic multivariate regression .Results The Lp-PLA2 level in the patients with hypertension complicating ischemic stroke was significantly higher than that in the patients with simple hypertension .The Lp-PLA2 level (OR=1 .523 ,95％ CI=1 .323-1 .657) and NIHSS score (OR=3 .275 ,95％ CI=1 .402 -6 .208) at admission were the independent predictive factors of poor prognosis .Conclusion Serum Lp-PLA2 level is closely correlated with the occurrence and prognosis of ische-mic stroke in the patients with hypertension ,which can serve an evaluation index for the occurrence and prognosis of ischemic stroke in the patients with hypertension and provides an objective basis for the clinical therapy .

Inhibiting effect of Endostar combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on breast cancer tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice

Objective: To study the inhibiting effect of Endostar combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on breast cancer tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Methods: Female mice were selected as experimental animals, and breast cancer tumor-bearing mouse models were established and then divided into groups A, B, C and D that respectively received saline, recombinant human endostatin, ginsenosides Rg3 and recombinant human endostatin combined with Rg3 intervention; 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention, tumor tissue volume was measured; 21 d after intervention, mice were killed, tumor tissue was collected, and mRNA contents of angiogenesis molecules, invasion molecules, autophagy marker molecules and autophagy signaling pathway molecules were detected. Results: At 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention, tumor tissue volume of groups B, C and D was lower than that of group A, and tumor tissue volume of group D was lower than that of groups B and C; mRNA contents of VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, MMP2, MMP9, p62, mTOR, PI3K, Akt, JNK and Beclin-1 in tumor tissue of groups B, C and D were significantly lower than those of group A, and LC3-II/LC3-I was significantly higher than that of group A; mRNA contents of VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, MMP2, MMP9, p62, mTOR, PI3K, Akt, JNK and Beclin-1 in tumor tissue of group D were significantly lower than those of groups B and C, and LC3-II/LC3-I was higher than that of groups B and C. Conclusions: Endostar combined with ginsenoside Rg3 has stronger inhibiting effect on breast cancer tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice than single drug, and it can inhibit angiogenesis and cell invasion, and enhance cell autophagy.

Inhibiting effect of Endostar combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on breast cancer tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice

OBJECTIVE@#To study the inhibiting effect of Endostar combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on breast cancer tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice.@*METHODS@#Female mice were selected as experimental animals, and breast cancer tumor-bearing mouse models were established and then divided into groups A, B, C and D that respectively received saline, recombinant human endostatin, ginsenosides Rg3 and recombinant human endostatin combined with Rg3 intervention; 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention, tumor tissue volume was measured; 21 d after intervention, mice were killed, tumor tissue was collected, and mRNA contents of angiogenesis molecules, invasion molecules, autophagy marker molecules and autophagy signaling pathway molecules were detected.@*RESULTS@#At 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention, tumor tissue volume of groups B, C and D was lower than that of group A, and tumor tissue volume of group D was lower than that of groups B and C; mRNA contents of VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, MMP2, MMP9, p62, mTOR, PI3K, Akt, JNK and Beclin-1 in tumor tissue of groups B, C and D were significantly lower than those of group A, and LC3-II/LC3-I was significantly higher than that of group A; mRNA contents of VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, MMP2, MMP9, p62, mTOR, PI3K, Akt, JNK and Beclin-1 in tumor tissue of group D were significantly lower than those of groups B and C, and LC3-II/LC3-I was higher than that of groups B and C.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Endostar combined with ginsenoside Rg3 has stronger inhibiting effect on breast cancer tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice than single drug, and it can inhibit angiogenesis and cell invasion, and enhance cell autophagy.

Construction of Rehabilitation Management System Based on Treatment Task / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To develop a set of information system for managing procedure in rehabilitation hospital, which can coordinate the services of rehabilitation teams characterized by the modern rehabilitation model. Methods Based on the working pattern of the rehabili-tation teams, and combined with the hospital information system and electronic medical records, the closed-loop management information system was developed, with the core of treatment-task schedules and feedbacks, and treatment-record communications. Results and Conclu-sion The Rehabilitation Treatment Management System was developed, which established the intelligent treatment process, realized the closed-loop management of resource sharing and treatment task.

A methodology for dynamic evaluation of the biological efficacy of botulinum toxin and its dose-effect relationship / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To develop a method for dynamically observing the biological efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and to investigate the dose-effect relationship between BTX-A dosage and muscle strength.MethodsFifty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 9 groups.Groups 1-7 were injected intramuscularly with 0.1 ml BTX-A (0.01 U to 4.0 U) into the gastrocnemius on the right side.Rats in group 8 were injected intramuscularly with an equal volume of saline solution as the control group,and group 9 was used to determine the location of injection.Gastrocnemius muscle strength was evaluated using a self-made evaluation system before and after the toxin injection and on the 3rd,7th,14th,21st,30th,45th,60th and 75th day following.ResultsMuscle strength reached its lowest level on days 3 to 7,with a significant difference in the decline of muscle strength between the test groups and the control group up to day 60.With the lower BTX-A doses (0.01 U,0.1 U,0.5 U,1.0 U),muscle strength had decreased significantly on the 21st day,but recovered to its initial levels in all groups at the same time.There was no significant difference among the 1.0 U,1.5 U,2.0 U and 4.0 U groups.ConclusionsStandardized gastrocnemius injection combined with neuromuscular functional evaluation can establish a model of BTX-A dosage and muscle paralysis which can be used to assess the evolution of the biological efficacy of BTX-A.

Comparison of two types of digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy in patients with gastric carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the influence of two different types of digestive tract reconstruction on the life quality, nutritional status and tolerance to adjuvant chemotherapy after total gastrectomy in patients with gastric carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of a total of 107 patients treated in our department from January 2005 to december 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 49 patients underwent digestive tract reconstruction with functional jejunal interposition (FJI group) and 58 patients underwent Roux en-Y jejunal P-type anastomosis (PR group) after total gastrectomy. 79 of 107 (73.8%) patients received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with XELOX regimen. The digestive complications and tolerance to chemotherapy were assessed respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Neither severe complications nor surgery-related or chemotherapy-related death were observed among the 107 patients. There were statistical differences in the incidence rate of emaciation, dumping syndrome and retention syndrome between the FJI and PR groups (P < 0.05), but no significant statistical difference in incidence rate of reflux esophagitis (P > 0.05). 28 of 40 (70.0%) patients in the FJI group completed all six cycles of chemotherapy, while 12 (30.0%) patients interrupted the treatment due to chemotherapy-related toxicity. 39 patients in the PR group received chemotherapy, 19 (48.7%) of them completed 6 cycles of chemotherapy but 20 (51.3%) patients interrupted. There was a significant difference in the incidence rate of grade III/IV chemotherapeutic toxicity and completion rate of chemotherapy (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both functional jejunal interposition and Roux-Y operation are reasonable and safe procedures of digestive tract reconstruction. The incidence rates of emaciation, dumping syndrome and retention syndrome are lower in the patients with FJI, showing a better tolerance to adjuvant chemotherapy than Roux en-Y jejunal p type anastomosis.</p>

Construction of genetic linkage map of Bupleurum chinense DC. using ISSR and SSR markers / 药学学报

Molecular genetic map is a fundamental organizational tool for genomic research. However, a genetic linkage map for Bupleurum chinense DC. has not been developed. In this study, with the theory of pseudo-testcross, 96 F1 plants from an intraspecific cross of B. chinense were used as mapping populations. Twenty eight ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) primers and 44 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers were used to detect the polymorphisms between the parental plants, and of them, 28 ISSRs and 14 SSRs were selected to analyze the F1 populations. The map consisted of 13 linkage groups which included 80 (72 ISSRs and 8 SSRs) loci, and covered 2 633.9 cM with an average density of 33.4 cM. All 13 linkage groups consisted of 2-31 loci ranging in length from 15.4-1295.7 cM. This map will provide a basis for studies on gene mapping, map-based cloning and maker-assisted selection of important traits in B. chinense.

Relationship between the number of lymph node detection and prognosis in stage II gastric cancer after D(2) dissection / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the lymph node count and prognosis in stage II gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis was performed for the 268 cases with gastric cancer who underwent parallel D(2) dissection between January 1990 and December 2006 in the Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center. The Japanese Gastric Cancer Association(JGCA) 13th edition of pathological staging system was used to define stage II gastric cancer. Patients were followed up until December 2008. The Kaplan-Meier method and chi-square test were used for data analysis. All the data were analyzed using SPSS16.0 for Windows.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average number of detected lymph nodes was 17.3+/-1.2. There were 109 patients with detected lymph node <15. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 92.7%, 67.8%, and 50.9%, respectively. The number of detected lymph node was > or =15 in 159 cases, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 96.9 %, 81.0%, and 66.4%, respectively. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (P=0.003). Further analysis of the 199 cases with no lymph node metastasis (pN(0) group) showed that there were 95 cases with lymph nodes <15, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 92.6%, 70.4%, and 55.9%, respectively. There were 104 patients with > or =15 lymph nodes, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 97.1%, 84.4%, and 66.8%, respectively. The difference was also statistically significant (P=0.049). There were 69 cases with lymph node metastasis (PN(1) group), and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 14 patients with lymph nodes <15 were 92.9%,57.1%, and 34.3%, respectively. Comparing two groups, the survival rate was significantly different (P=0.034). There were 55 patients with > or =15 lymph nodes, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 96.4%, 73.4%, and 63.8%. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.036).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In patients with stage II gastric cancer as defined by the JGCA 13th edition, the survival rate is better in patients with more than 15 detected lymph nodes as compared to those with less than 15.</p>

Surgical approach for upper gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the reasonable surgical approach for upper gastric cancer, surgical technique, and indications for combined resection of the spleen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight hundred and three patients with upper gastric cancer were operated in the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen from December 1964 to December 2004, including 341 cases undergoing abdominal incision and 462 thoracotomy or abdomino-thoracic incision. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative time was significantly shorter in the abdominal incision group (170 vs. 220 min, P<0.01), as was the transfusion volume (200 vs. 650 ml, P<0.05). Positive resection margin was similar between the two groups (5.6% vs. 6.7%, P>0.05). There was no difference in overall postoperative complication rate (3.2% vs. 5.0%, P>0.05). Length of hospital stay was shorter in the abdominal incision group (21 vs. 26.6 days, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Selection of surgical approach should be based on the tumor characteristics. Abdominal incision should be the approach of choice where possible.</p>

Correlation analysis between loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 18q and prognosis in the stage-II colon cancer patients / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers in the world. Although the clinicopathologic staging is the golden criterion for the prognosis at present, the optimum prognostic criteria for colorectal cancer should be a combination of the clinicopathologic staging and the molecular markers. However, there are currently no molecular markers available for the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Several tumor-suppressor genes associated with colorectal cancer have been mapped at the 18q21-23 region. In this study we detected the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 18q and investigated the relationship between LOH and clinicopathologic features and its prognostic value for patients with stage II colon cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 106 samples of tumor tissues and corresponding normal mucosa from patients with sporadic stage-II colon cancer were included in this study. All the samples were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. DNA was extracted from tumor tissues and LOH of D18S474, D18S55, D18S58, D18S61 and D18S64 at chromosome 18q was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing method. Multivariate analysis for association between LOH and prognosis in colon cancer patients was performed with Cox proportional hazards regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median follow-up time was 68 months. For 106 patients, 5-year survival rate was 83.6%, which was associated with age and gross tumor type (P = 0.011 and 0.034, respectively). Among 102 patients who were eligible for LOH information, the overall frequency of LOH is 49.0% (50/102), and that of LOH at 5 microsatellite loci of D18S474, D18S55, D18S58, D18S61, and D18S64 was 30.2% (26/86), 23.4% (18/77), 28.6% (20/70), 35.0% (28/80), and 20.8%(15/72), respectively. The occurrence of LOH was significantly associated with tumor location and histopathologic grade (P = 0.023, 0.016 and 0.005, respectively). LOH was more frequent on the left-side, poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and nonmucinous colon cancers. The occurrence of 18q-LOH was significantly associated with 5-year overall survival rate and disease free survival rate (P = 0.008 and 0.006, respectively). The occurrence of 18q-LOH at the loci of D18S474 and D18S61 was significantly associated with 5-year overall survival rate (P = 0.010 and 0.005, respectively). The multivariate analysis showed that only the occurrence of 18q-LOH was significantly associated with prognosis (P = 0.021).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is a high occurrence of LOH at the loci of 18q. The expression of LOH is significantly associated with tumor location and histopathologic grade. The occurrence of 18q-LOH is an independent poor prognostic factor for the patients with stage-II colon cancer.</p>

Prognosis of 980 patients with gastric cancer after surgical resection / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Although surgery is the only possible means to cure gastric cancer, the prognosis is often discrepant. The American Joint Committee on Cancer / International Union against Cancer (AJCC/UICC) published the TNM classification of Malignant Tumors (seventh edition) for gastric cancer recently. This study aimed to use this new edition staging system to investigate the prognostic factors for gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic data of 980 patients with gastric cancer treated by surgical resection in our hospital between January 2000 and December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. The overall survival rate was determined by using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was used to determine significance. The prognosis was analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model. The 6th and 7th edition AJCC/UICC TNM staging systems were used to compare the survival outcomes for the cohort of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates for the whole group were 82.5%, 58.7%, and 52.6%. The 5-year survival rates for patients with pTNM stage I, II, III, and IV disease classified by the 7th edition staging system were 93.2%, 72.4%, 39.1%, and 5.2%, respectively. In both univariate analysis and Cox multivariate analysis, age, tumor site, tumor size, histological type, resection type, radical resection, lymphatic/venous invasion, depth of invasion, nodal status, metastasis, retrieved lymph nodes, metastatic lymph node ratio, and adjuvant chemotherapy were prognostic factors with these patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the 6th edition system, the new edition of TNM staging system for gastric cancer can accurately predict the survival after operation.</p>

Protective effect of deferroxamine on glutamate induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the protectve effects and underlying mechanisms of deferroxamine on glutamate-induced injury in cultured hippocampal neurons.Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons from fetal rat were used in a model of glutamate induced neurotoxicity.There were two experimental groups.Neurons were pretreated with deferroxamine before glutamate in the deferroxamine group, and neurons were treated with glutamate only in the control group.The morphological change was examined under microscope.Hoechst 33342 DNA staining method was used to study the ratio of condensed nuclei.The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydroxyl radical were determined using biochemistry.The change in calcium signal was detected using microfluorescent technique.Results The neurons pretreated by deferroxamine had intact morphology with the ratio of condensed nuclei at 14% ± 6% compared to 58% ± 6% (t= 8.98, P ＜0.01 ) in the control group.LDH level was (36.42 ± 8.99) U/L in the deferroxamine group and was (68.06 ± 11.26) U/L in the control group ( t =3.25,P＜0.05).The respective levels of hydroxyl radical were (34.21 ±4.23) U/L and (47.06 ±8.79) U/L (t = 3.11, P ＜0.05 ).The respective levels of MDA were (12.26 ± 2.78 ) nmol/mg and (28.86±5.19) nmol/mg(t =4.88,P＜0.01).Conclusion Deferroxamine can protect neurons from glutamate induced damage.The mechanisms include an inhibition of Ca2+ overload and reduction in the levels of MDA and hydroxyl radicals.

Desferroxamine preconditioning protects against hypoxia in neurons / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the possible effects and underlying mechanisms of desferroxamine (DFO) preconditioning against hypoxia in neurons. Methods Cortical neurons were cultured in DFO under ischemia condition of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method; apoptotic cell ratio was examined with Hoechst 33342 staining; the morphological change was observed. Middle cerebral artery was occluded with or without DFO administration to establish the cerebral ischemia rat model. Infarct sizes were examined by TIC staining, and the neurological severity score was evaluated. Meanwhile immunofluorescent staining was employed to detect the protein synthesis of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and erythropoietin (EPO), RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of HIF-1 and EPO as well Results Neuronal viability kept in 49% (OGD group was 25%, t =8. 544, P<0. 05), the rate of apoptosis was 38% (OGD group was 30%, t = 4. 409, P <0.05 ) after administration of DFO (post-DFO) , the morphology of neurons improved. In the model of focal cerebral ischenfia of 30 mg/kg group, neurological severity score was reduced, the percentage of brain infarct decreased 8.5% (t=4.649, P<0.05) 3 days post-DFO(vs control). In the 100 mg/kg group, neurological severity score was 7.44 ±0.39 (t=2.903, P<0.05 ) ,5.60±0.47 (t=10.143, P < 0.01 ) ,6.97 ±0.73 (t=3.142, P<0.05 ), the percentage of brain infarct decreased 12. 0% (t=5.056, P<0.05), 32.3% (t =10.993, P<0.01), 10.6% (t =4.385, P<0.05)2,3 and7 days post-DFO(vs control), respectively. Immunofluorescent staining found synthesis of HIF-1α and EPO in cultured cortex neurons after DFO pretreated; HIF-1α and EPO were upregulated in the neurons of rat brain after DFO pretreated. The mRNA of HIF-1α and EPO upregulated in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion DFO preconditioning can protect the brain against ischemic damage, which is related to the protective effect on neurons. The mechanism of DFO preconditioning may be involved in the expression of HIF-1α and EPO in vivo and in vitro.

Pathologic characteristics of residual carcinoma at incisal edge after gastrectomy for gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the reason, features and preventive measures of residual carcinoma at incisal edge after gastric cancer operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 108 cases with positive incisal margin(6.47%) from December 1964 to December 2004 in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen were summarized and analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive incisal margin patients accounted for 6.5%(108/1670) of total gastric carcinoma cases during above period. There were 62 men and 46 women with median age of 54 years(ranged from 23 to 82). The residual carcinoma rates of incisal edge were 3.6%(48/1333) in radical resection group and 17.8%(60/337) in palliative resection group respectively(P=0.000). Also, the residual carcinoma rates were 2.3%(3/129) in early group, 6.8(105/1541) in advanced group(P=0.046), 4.5%(37/815) in distal gastrectomy group and 8.0%(55/689) in proximal group respectively(P=0.000). Residual carcinomas were related with pTNM stage, Borrmann type, tumor size, differentiation and invasion depth(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Superior gastric carcinoma, Borrmann III(, IIII( type advanced cancer, tumor diameter > or =5 cm, poor differentiation or undifferentiated type and serosa invaded easily result in residual carcinoma at incisal edge. The radical preventive measure is to ensure that incisal edge ought to exceed 5 cm apart from the tumor.</p>

Pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion / 国际脑血管病杂志

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a common pathological state. Cognitive impairment is its main manifestation in early stage, and it will eventually result in persistent or progressive cognitive impairment and neurological deficits. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion caused neuronal damage, synapse abnormity, energy impairment and the function defects of central cholinergic system and monoaminergic system are its pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in cognitive impairment.

Experimental study of cardiocyte apoptosis in myocardial infarction of rabbits / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To study the changes of the myocardial cell apoptosis in myocardial infarction of rabbits. Methods The model of rabbit with myocardial infarction was established.HE staining,TUNEL staining, immunohistro-chemistry staining, ultrathin section for electron microscope and DNA electronic gel phorensis were performed in samples of ischemia or infarction in different times.The position of apoptotic myocytes in different phases of ischemia were observed by light microscope and electronic microscope. Results After 30 minutes to 4 weeks ischemia.there were a few TUNEL positive nucleus of myocytes in the margin area of myocardial infarction;HE staining-found typical expressions of apoptosis,such as chromosome conglomeration,chromosome gathered at the edge or chromosome aggregation,dark-stained nucleus,cell shrinkage,were obvious in 4-8 hours.A lot of positive nucleus of myocytes stained by TUNEL were found in the early stages of myocardial ischemia in myocardial infarction.gradually ascended and then became hardly visible from 8 hours to 3 days.Nucleus swelling,karyorrhexis and karyolysis were found in the area of myocardial infarction.then cells were broken.DNA agarose electrophoresis found DNA fragment of most myocytes in 30 minutes of ischemia,just a few cardiocytes decomposed to the big segments.At 4hours of ischemia the most cardiocytes decomposed to big segments,and there were a blurry"ladder"in DNA strand breaks from 8 hours to 1 day.It showed that apoptotic cardiocytes existed in the margin area of myocadial infarction. Conclusions There are cardiocytes apoptosis in the margin area of infarction from 30 minutes to 4 weeks after myocardial ischemia.Maybe it relates to the reperfusion caused by collateralization establishment or infiltration from circumference.