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Objective:To investigate the chemical constituents and antioxidant activities of Violae Herba from the Violaceae. Method:The 5 kg of Violae Herba was refluxing extracted with 3 times the amount of 95% ethanol for three times， then the extracting solution was combined， filtrated， concentrated under vacuum to get the total extract. Seven corresponding fractions were eluted with petroleum ether， dichloromethane， dichloromethane-methanol （50∶1， 10∶1， 5∶1， 2∶1） and methanol by silica gel column chromatography （60-100 mesh） on the total extract. Each fraction was isolated and purified by normal phase silica gel column chromatography， octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica （ODS） column chromatography， Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， respectively. The structures of the obtained compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods of nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）， mass spectroscopy （MS） and infrared spectroscopy （IR）. Meanwhile， some of these compounds isolated from Violae Herba were carried on the 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） free radical scavenging experiment. Result:Fourteen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of Violae Herba， including <italic>N</italic>-acetyl-1-ethyl ester glutamic acid （<bold>1</bold>）， <italic>N</italic>-acetyl glutamic acid-1-ethyl-5-methyl ester （<bold>2</bold>）， aurantiamide （<bold>3</bold>）， <italic>rel</italic>-（2<italic>α</italic>，3<italic>β</italic>）-7-<italic>O</italic>-methylcedrusin （<bold>4</bold>）， oleanolic acid （<bold>5</bold>）， <italic>α</italic>-tocopherol-quinone （<bold>6</bold>）， tectochrysin （<bold>7</bold>）， isoscopoletin （<bold>8</bold>）， esculetin （<bold>9</bold>）， 24-ethylcholesta-4，24（28）<italic>Z</italic>-dien-3-one （<bold>10</bold>）， stigmasta-4，25-dien-3-one （<bold>11</bold>）， <italic>β</italic>-sitostenone （<bold>12</bold>）， <italic>β</italic>-sitosterol （<bold>13</bold>）， （24<italic>R</italic>）-3<italic>β</italic>-hydroxy-ethylcholest-5-en-7-one （<bold>14</bold>）. Conclusion:Compound <bold>2</bold> is a new natural product， compounds <bold>1</bold>， <bold>4</bold>， <bold>6</bold>， <bold>7</bold>， <bold>10</bold>-<bold>12 </bold>are isolated from the genus <italic>Viola</italic> for the first time. Compound <bold>9</bold> has significant antioxidant activity， while compounds <bold>2</bold>， <bold>6 </bold>and<bold> 8</bold> have certain DPPH free radical scavenging activity.
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Objective::To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from the 95%, 75%ethanol extracts of the stems of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Method::The 25 kg stems of Z. bungeanum were extracted with 95%, 75%ethanol for three times, and the combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum to get the extracts. The 95%extracts were then extracted by petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively to obtain corresponding fractions. Such fractions and 75%extracts were isolated and purified by silicagel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, preparation HPLC and recrystallization to obtain compounds. Their structures were identified by mass spectroscopy (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Result::Sixteen compounds were isolated from the stems of Z. bungeanum and identified as dictamnine(1), decarine(2), zanthobungeanine(3), pseudocolumbamine(4), skimmianine(5), norchelerythrine(6), osthenol(7), dimethylfraxetin(8), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamylalcohol(9), asarinin(10), yangambin(11), syringaresinol(12), ashantin(13), bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylate(14), 24-propylcholesterol(15), and sucrose(16). Conclusion::Compounds pseudocolumbamine(4), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamylalcohol(9), and 24-propylcholesterol(15)were isolated from the genus of Zanthoxylum for the first time and compounds dictamnine(1), osthenol(7), dimethylfraxetin(8), asarinin(10), yangambin(11), syringaresinol(12), ashantin(13), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylate(14)were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Objective::To investigate the chemical constituents from Paeonia veitchii. Method::P. veitchii samples (30 kg) were extracted with 95% ethanol for four times and then filtrated, and the combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum to get the extracts. After suspension with water, exaction was conducted with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water successively to obtain five corresponding fractions. The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography and prep-HPLC, and the structures of these compounds were determined by such spectrum technologies as infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectroscopy (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Result::Sixteen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as follows (1S, 5R, 6R)-1, 8-dihydroxypin-2-en-4-one (1), (2-hydroxyl)-phenyl-methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (2), flufuran (3), 6′-O-vanillylpaeoniflorin (4), methyl 2, 5-dihydroxycinnamate (5), (1S, 2S, 5R, 6R)-1, 8-dihydroxypin-4-one (6), palbinone (7), 4-O-methylpaeoniflorin (8), 4-O-ethylpaeoniflorin (9), benzoyloxypaeoniflorin (10), benzoic acid (11), gallic acid (12), methyl gallate (13), ethyl gallate (14), β-sitosterol (15), and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (16). Conclusion::Compounds 1, 2 were new natural compounds; compound 3 was isolated from genus Paeonia for the first time, and compounds 4-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Objective:To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from 95%ethanol extracts from stems of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Method:The stems (25 kg) were extracted with 95%ethanol under reflux for three times and then filtrated,and the combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum to get the extracts. After suspension with water,the extracts were extracted with petroleum ether,dichloromethane,ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively,and five corresponding parts were obtained. The parts of petroleum ether,dichloromethane,ethyl acetate were separated in a similar way to get pure compounds. By the method the subjects were first chromatographed on silica gel column respectively,then the selected sub-fractions were further separated by Sephadex LH-20, and finally purified on preparation HPLC to get the monomer compound. The n-butanol part was first treated with macroporous resin D101,and then the sub-fractions were further purified by almost the same method as mentioned above. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectrum technology as IR,MS,1H-NMR,13 C-NMR. Result:Ten compounds were isolated from Z. bungeanum stems and identified as follows:(+)-magnoflorine(1),(-)-marmesin(2),(-)-columbianetin(3),(-)-decursinol(4),lupeol(5),α-amyrin(6),β-amyrin(7),δ-amyrin(8),quercetin(9),rutin(10). Among them, 1 was alkaloid, 2,3,4 were coumarin, 5,6,7,8 were triterpenoid, 9,10 were flavonoids. Conclusion:Compounds 1-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Objective To construct a personalized knee osteotomy instrument(POI)based on 3D printing technology for the total knee arthroplasty(TKA)and to evaluate the precision of POI.Methods The full-length CT scanning and MRI scanning of the affected lower limbs were performed before operation respectively.The data fusion of CT scanning and MRI scanning were performed with the 3D anatomical data,and then the articular cartilage were reconstructed.The force lines were measured with virtual personalized osteotomy,and TKA prosthe-sis installation were calculated by CAD software.Based on CAD mimic,the registration surface of POI for femoral condyle and tibial plateau were designed by Boolean Subraction calculation technique.The shape and limit structure(LS)of POI were designed according to the regis-tration surface and the osteotomy surface.Finally,POI were fabricated by FDM 3D printing technology.Femoral condylar POI and tibial plat-eau POI were manufactured 15 cases in each group.The difference between design and actual values(DDA)of POI and LS size were meas-ured with the DDA of DML calculated.And the deviation of the TKA prosthesis angle from the design value was measured to verify the precision of the osteotomy of POI.Results There was no significant difference in the shape of POI and LS between design and actual values(P>0.05). Moreover,there was no significant difference of DMLs(P>0.05).Meanwhile,there was no significant difference of TKA prosthesis angle be-tween the design and postoperative values(P>0.05).Conclusion 3D printing technique can accurately construct the POI of TKA.POI can accurately register the articular surface and guide the osteotomy in TKA,which is conducive to the precision of TKA operation.
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BACKGROUND: Compared with conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA), for patients with genu varum or genu valgus, indications, prosthesis choice, surgical accuracy and perioperative management during TKA should be paid more attention. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effectiveness of iASSIST-assisted TKA and traditional TKA in the treatment of genu varum or genu valgus. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with genu varum or genu valgus undergoing TKA were selected, and were then randomized into two groups: iASSIST-assisted TKA (group A) or traditional TKA (group B). The surgical accuracy was compared between two groups by measuring the knee valgus angle of patients, and the angle between prosthesis components on the coronal and sagittal planes. Besides, the intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative drainage, restored alignment, postoperative complications, hospitalization time, as well as Visual Analogue Scale and American Knee Society scores were recorded to assess the clinical effectiveness. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The deviation of hip-knee-ankle angle, frontal femoral component angle, frontal tibial component angle, lateral femoral component angle and lateral femoral component angle in the two groups was less than 3°, and the group A exhibited better corrective efficacy. (2) The operation time in the group A was significantly longer than that in the group B; the hospitalization time in the group was significantly shorter than that in the group B; the restored alignment in the group A was significantly superior to that in the group B;the postoperative drainage, as well as Visual Analogue Scale and American Knee Society scores at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively in the group B were significantly superior to those in the group A (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the intraoperative blood loss, incidence of complications, as well as Visual Analogue Scale and American Knee Society scores at postoperative 2 weeks and 1 and 3 months between two groups (P > 0.05). (3) These results manifest that for the patients with genu varum or genu valgus, both iASSIST-assisted TKA and traditional TKA can obtain satisfactory surgical accuracy, and the former has advantage in restricting the alignment of lower limbs. However, the long-term efficacy needs to be explored in depth.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of a new navigation template for osteotomy in cubitus varus based on computer assistant design and 3D printing technology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The preoperative CT images of 15 children with cubitus varus from June 2015 to June 2016 were collected. According to the above data, the individual osteotomy navigate template match the distal humerus was designed by the software and printed by the 3D printer. Accurate osteotomy was performed with the assistant of the navigate template in the operation. Internal fixation of the osteotomy site was performed with 2 Kirschner wires. After surgery, a long arm plaster was applied with 20° of elbow flexion. All the patients underwent radiographic and clinical evaluations before surgery and at the follow-up examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the operation, the navigate template with the individual design of 3D printing technology matched the bony markers of distal humerus. Accurate and simple osteotomy were performed along the resected surface of the navigation template. None of the cases required any kinds of revision surgery or had any complaint of cosmetic appearance. Average union time was 6.7 weeks(ranged, 6 to 8 weeks). Twelve patients got an excellent result and 2 got a good result according to the criteria described by Bellemore. There were no cases with complications of infection or ulnar nerve palsy or joint stiffness.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>With the help of 3D printing technology, the accurate osteotomy in cubitus varus assisted by individualized navigate template can be realized. This technology can restore normal anatomical structure of the elbow joint to the greatest extent. It is worthy of popularization and application.</p>
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To compare the pharmacokinetics of syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin after intravenous administration of each monomer and Ciwujia injection. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and intravenously administrated with syringin, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, and Ciwujia injection, respectively. The concentrations of the three components in rat plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters while the SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between each monomer and the injection on the main pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, CL and t1,/2. Compared with the injection, the group treated with the syringin has obvious decrease in AUC, and increase in CL while the group treated with eleutheroside E has obvious increase in AUC, and decrease in CL The t1/2 of isofraxidin was prolonged in Ciwujia injection. Pharmacokinetic characters of the ingredients in the injection varied greatly from the monomer. Other constituents in the injection may have an impact on the pharmacokinetic profiles of these three components.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Administration, Intravenous , Coumarins , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacokinetics , Glucosides , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Lignans , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Phenylpropionates , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
To establish a method for the determination of cucurbitacin in plasma samples, in order to study the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats. Rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin. With diphenhydramine as the internal standard (IS), the plasma concentrations of cucurbitacin in rat plasma at different time points were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). With electrospray ionization source, the positive ion detection in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was conducted to determine the ion-pairs for target compound and IS were m/z 503.2/113.1 and m/z 256.0/167.2, respectively. Agilent ZOBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 microm) was adopted and eluted with methanol and 0.1% formic acid (55:45), and the flow rate was 0.2 mL x min(-1). DAS 2.0 software was applied to fit the blood concentration and calculate corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters. The rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin at the concentration of 3.0 mg x kg(-1). The target blood quality concentration show good linear relations within the range of 10.5-3 150 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.996), the lower limit of the standard curve was 10.5 microg x L(-1), and the signal to noise ratio S/N = 12. Intra- and inter-day precisions RSD was less than 6.9% and 14%, respectively; The accuracy RE ranged between 0.20% and 3.7%; The extraction recoveries ranged between 92.7% and 97.1%. Regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters of tail intravenous injection of cucurbitacin, AUC (0-t) was (811.615 +/- 111.578) microg x h x L(-1), (t1/2) was (1.285 +/- 1.390) h, CL was (3.627 +/- 0.487) L x h x kg(-1), and V(d) was (6.721 +/- 7.429) L x kg(-1). In this study, researchers established a simple, accurate, sensitive and highly specific method for determining the blood concentration of cucurbitacin, and reported the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats for the first time.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Administration, Oral , Cucurbitaceae , Chemistry , Cucurbitacins , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacokinetics , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
To study the chemical constituents of Sparganium stoleniferum Buch. -Ham, various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents. Their physicochemical properties and spectral data were used to elucidate the structures. Five compounds have been isolated by using silica gel column chromatography. They are beta-sitosterol plamitate (I), SanLeng diphenyllactone (II), SanLeng diphenylacetypene (III), 6,7,10-trihydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid (IV) and daucosterol plamitate (V). Compound II, III are two new compounds.