Chronic Disease Control among Rural Residents in Beijing Pinggu District / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the composition and control status of chronic diseases among rural residents in a Beijing suburb district.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rural residents aged 35 years or older were investigated by stratified random sampling in Pinggu District, Beijing. Each participant received questionnaire-based survey,physical examination,and laboratory tests including routine blood test,urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), liver and renal function,serum lipid, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 10 385 residents completed all items. Cerebrovascular disease was leading cause of hospitalization (accounting for 14.4%) and its incidence in the population was 9.6%. The incidences of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,and gout/hyperuricemia,which were the main compositions related with metabolic diseases,were up to 64.4%,42.5%,24.4%, and 9.0%, respectively. The disease onset was significantly related with the age. The incidence of hypertension was gradually elevated with the increasing of age,while the peak age was 55-64 years for diabetes and 35-44 years for gout/hyperuricemia. The awareness rate of hypertension,diabetes,and chronic kidney disease was 60.2%, 55.1%,and 6.0%,respectively. The control rate of chronic disease was 19.2% and 28.8% in hypertensive and diabetic patients, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cerebrovascular diseases and metabolic-associated diseases are the main chronic diseases affecting rural residents in Pinggu district, Beijing. The awareness rate and control rate of chronic diseases needs to be further enhanced by strengthening health education and improving the community medical service.</p>

HPLC fingerprint analysis on Wei Medicine Ziziphora tenuior and Ziziphora clinopodioides / 中草药

Objective: To establish HPLC fingerprint for the analysis on Ziziphora tenuior and Z. clinopodioides and the determination of hyperin, rutine, and pulegone in eight batches of Z. tenuior and 22 batches of Z. clinopodioides synchronously. Methods: The HPLC method was used with Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and a mixture of methanol-0.08% HCOOH was used as mobile phase with gradient elution. The HPLC fingerprint for eight batches of Z. tenuior and 22 batches of Z. clinopodioides was established. Results: The HPLC fingerprints of the two species were obviously different, so two modes were established for two species, respectively. The eight batches of Z. tenuior and 22 batches of Z. clinopodioides were classified into two groups based on the result of principal component, hierarchical cluster, and similarity analyses. Hyperin and pulegone were the common compositions; quercetin (161.06-213.22 μg/g) was founded in Z. tenuior, but not in Z. clinopodioides; the contents of hyperin (174.15-802.24 μg/g), pulegone (77.43-353.45 μg/g) of Z. clinopodioides were higher than those of Z. tenuior (49.72-204.33 and 36.19-93.29 μg/g). Conclusion: Z. tenuior and Z. clinopodioides have the different fingerprint, which could provide the evidence for their quality control, species identification, and classification.

Fabrication of larynx-shape tissue engineered cartilage by means of filling together with wrapping with pedicle myofascial flap / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the method of fabricating larynx-shape tissue engineered cartilage by means of filling together with wrapping with pedicle myofascial flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serial steps of solution casting, extrusion molding and particulate leaching were used to make larynx-shape [poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), PHBHH] biomaterial models. The chondrocytes were seeded onto PHBHH models to form cell-PHBHH composites for culture in vitro for one week and then to fill and wrap larynx-shape composites with pedicle myofascial flap. After that to implant larynx-shape composites in situ on the back of adult New Zealand white rabbits (experimental groups n = 9). Control groups (n = 3) were the same measure as experimental groups but without chondrocytes on PHBHH models. Finally, morphological observation, HE & special staining and immunohistochemical test were conducted to evaluate the cartilage regeneration and its shape at 6, 8 and 12 weeks following implantation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PHBHH models appeared to be hollow half-trumpet with edges and corners of larynx-shape and its porosity > 90%. Pedicle myofascial flap using fascia as lining presented rich blood supply and had enough to fill and wrap larynx-shape composites. Tissue engineered larynx-shape cartilage specimens could be harvested at different period. It was demonstrated that the cartilaginous tissue formed in 6 weeks after implantation through histological and immunohistochemical examination and further maturity in 12 weeks and 18 weeks. But no cartilaginous tissue showed without chondrocytes on PHBHH as control groups to implant at the same time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It seems that pedicled myofascial flap showed sufficient blood supply and that the filling together with wrapping method with pedicled myofascial flap is appropriate for fabricating larynx-shape tissue engineered cartilage.</p>

Effect of early enteral immune nutrition on immune function of intestine in mice with severe burn / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition supplemented with immune nutrient on intestine immune function in mice with severe burn.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four BALB/c mice were inflicted with 20% TBSA full-thickness scald, then they were randomly divided into EN(with oral administration of common enteral nutrition after 2 hours) and EIN (with oral administration of common enteral nutrition and glutamine, arginine after 2 hours) groups. Another 10 mice were used as the normal control (NC) group. The supplied energy ratio( carbohydrate: fat: protein)in former 2 groups was 82:3:15, and the ratio of energy to nitrogen was 150: 1. The energy requirement of each mouse was calculated according to 732.2 kJ x kg(-1) x d(-1), one third of the requirement was administrated on 1st day, and one half of it on 2nd day, and full energy requirement was started on the 3rd day,and the requirement was divided into 4-6 portions every day. The feed was isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isovolumic for the 2 experimental groups. All mice were sacrificed and entire small intestine was harvested for determination of intestinal IgA level by ELISA, total Peyer's patches (PP) lymphocytes and their apoptosis ratio, and changes in PP lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD19+) on 7th day of the experiment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in NC group [(4.5 +/- 0.6) x 10(6), (42 +/- 7) microg/cm, respectively], total PP lymphocytes and intestinal IgA levels in EN and EIN groups obviously decreased [(2.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(6), (35 +/- 6) microg/cm, (3.8 +/- 0. 5) x 10(6), (38 +/- 6), microg/cm, respectively, P < 0.05] , among which the values in EIN group were higher than EN group (P < 0.05). The changes in PP lymphocytes were similar to that of total PP lymphocytes. Compared with that in NC group [(4.8 +/- 2.1)%], the apoptosis ratio of PP lymphocytes in EN and EIN groups significantly increased [(12.7 +/- 2.4)%, (8.0 +/- 1.7)%, respectively, P < 0.05], however the ratio in EIN group was lower than that of EN group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early enteral nutrition supplemented with immune nutrient can improve intestinal immune function in mice with severe burn.</p>

Determination of plumbagin in different parts of Plumbago zeylanica by RP-HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a RP-HPLC method to determine plumbagin in Plumbago zeylanica, and to investigate contents of plumbagin in different parts of. P. zeylanica.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The analysis was carried out at 30 degrees C on a Kromasil C18, column eluted with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-water (65: 35). The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1), the detector wavelength was 213 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curve was linear within the concentration ranges of 0.020 8-0. 104 microg (r = 0. 9999). The average recovery was 98.7%. The contents in the root, stem and leaf were 0.394 5%, 0.050 8%, 0.031 4% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is simple, accurate, replicate and suitable for the determination of plumbagin in P. zeylanica.</p>

Influence of different thawing temperature on the morphology and type I collagen metabolism of the human fibroblasts processed at - 10 degrees C in vitro / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of different thawing temperatures on the morphology and type I collagen metabolism of the human fibroblasts processed at - 10 degrees C in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In vitro cultured human fibroblasts were randomly divided into control, 20 degrees C thawing, and 37 degrees C thawing groups. After being frozen at -10 degrees C, the cells in the latter two groups were thawed at 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C, respectively. The cell proliferation was assessed with MTT method and was expressed by absorption under 570nm (A ), The morphological change of the cells was observed with inverted phase contrast microscope, the change in the intracellular content of collagen was determined with immunohistochemistry, and the extracellular content of collagen was assayed with ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 20 degrees C thawing group, the absorbance decreased at first and increased thereafter, and they were obviously lower than that before freezing (0.95 +/- 0.16, P < 0.05 or 0.01). Cell dehydration and shrinking, cytoplasm loss and increased ratio of cytoplasm to nucleus were found in the survived fibroblasts. The cells proliferated actively at 72 and 96 hours after injury, with increased mitotic index and disordered arrangement. Compared with that before freezing (96.4 +/- 2.9) , the extracellular collagen content increased at first, decreased thereafter, and increased again slowly later (P < 0.05), while the intracellular collagen content decreased at first and increased thereafter (P < 0.05). The collagen metabolism in 37 degrees C thawing group was no difference compared with that in control group. Some cells undergone a floating period before adhering to the culture dish walls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cell dehydration after low temperature treatment could protect the cells from damage. Proper thawing temperature could be beneficial to the cell resuscitation. Comparing with slow thawing, rapid thawing could minimize the cell damage.</p>