ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathological features of diabetic microangiopathy in liver and diabetic hepatosclerosis (DHS) of elderly male with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty autopsy cases with T2DM (diabetic group) and contemporary 48 cases, non-diabetic and glucose tolerance abnormal, matched by gender and age (control group) were selected in the study. Cases with the cirrhosis and fibrosis of liver caused by other foregone etiological factors were excluded. The histopathological changes of microangiopathy in liver, hepatic portal areas and hepatic sinusoid were investigated by HE staining, histochemical and immunohistochemical stain methods. The clinical data of diagnostic DHS cases were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Microangiopathy was observed in 54.2% (65/120) cases of diabetic group. Histological features: microangiopathy was found in interlobular arteries (especially in arteriole, the lumen diameter < 100 µm), which included endothelial denudation, eosinophilic material deposition in the tunica intima of artery, and eccentric intimal thickening. The smooth muscle fibers of tunica media were hyperplastic or atrophy. Fibroplasia and collagen deposition were found in the tunica adventitia of artery. Arterial lumina showed stenosis and occlusion. Microangiopathy was seen in 16.7% (8/48) cases of the control group. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ(2) = 19.622, P < 0.01). (2) The fibrosis and sclerosis of portal areas were detected in 55.8% (67/120) cases of T2DM group. Hyaline collagen fiber tissues was deposited around interlobular arteries, interlobular veins and interlobular bile ducts, resulting in enlargement of the portal area and the secondary atrophy and disappearance of portal triad. The fibrosis and sclerosis of portal areas were detected in 22.9% (11/48) cases of the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ(2) = 14.936, P < 0.01). (3) The pathological features of 14.2% (17/120) cases were consistent with the diagnosis of DHS. The fibrous tissue extended from fibrosis or sclerosis of portal areas, or eosinophilic material deposition in the hepatic sinusoid in non-zonal pattern. The results of histochemical staining showed collagen fiber deposition in hepatic sinusoid. Stainings for Collagen IV, SMA, CD34 were found in the hepatic sinusoid. The sclerosis of hepatic sinusoid was not detected in any case in the control group.Overall, 13/17 and 11/17 DHS cases had liver microangiopathy and portal areas sclerosis respectively. Diabetic nephropathy was seen in 10 of 17 DHS cases. Among the 17 cases, 7 cases showed ALP elevation, of which there were 3 cases with ALT and AST mild elevation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Diabetic microangiopathy is common in the liver of elderly men with T2DM. And DHS is associated with diabetic microangiopathy. Fibrosis and sclerosis of portal areas may be the early or concomitant changes of DHS on histological ground. DHS is one of the complications of T2DM.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Actins , Metabolism , Alanine Transaminase , Blood , Alkaline Phosphatase , Blood , Antigens, CD34 , Metabolism , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Blood , Collagen Type IV , Metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diabetic Angiopathies , Blood , Metabolism , Pathology , Diabetic Nephropathies , Pathology , Liver , Pathology , Liver Cirrhosis , SclerosisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes of Treg-Th17 balance influenced by corticosterone, major effect hormone of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis under running stress.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 25 corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) wildtype (CRH+/+) and knockout (CRH-/-) mice were adopt and divided into 4 groups as follows: CRH+/+ ctrl, CRH+/+ stress, CRH-/- ctrl and CRH-/- stress. All mice in stress groups were under 2 h running. After 1 h, blood plasma in all groups was collected and the expression of corticosterone and IL-17A was detected by ELISA. Meanwhile, unicell suspensions of peripheral lymph node and spleen in each group were prepared too and stained by PE-CD4 and FITC-CD25, then the changes of Treg (CD4+CD25+) in different groups were checked by flow cytometry; all data were statistically analyzed by the software of WinMDI 2.9, SPSS 11.5, Origin 7.5 and Matlab 2-D and 3-D plot function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of corticosterone were significantly higher in stress groups than that in corresponding control groups (P less than 0.05), especially in CRH+/+ stress group (P less than 0.01). However, the changes of Tregs were not obvious between stress groups and control groups with respective genotypes (P less than 0.05). Compared with that in CRH+/+ control group, the ratio of Treg and the expression of IL-17A in CRH-/- stress group were significantly higher than those in control group (P less than 0.05). Combined with the expression levels of corticosterone, Treg and Th17, our study suggests that endogenous glucocorticoid with basal level may cause the changes in Treg-Th17 balance. Moreover, as the corticosterone level increases, the expression of Treg and Th17 appears to manifest antagonistic fluctuant status with a rising tendency in general.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endogenous glucocorticoid under early stage of stress may increase the function of T lymphocyte immunity to some extent.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , CD4 Antigens , Metabolism , Corticosterone , Blood , Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone , Metabolism , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Flow Cytometry , Interleukin-17 , Metabolism , Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit , Metabolism , Lymph Nodes , Cell Biology , Mice, Knockout , Pituitary-Adrenal System , Metabolism , Running , Physiology , Spleen , Cell Biology , Stress, Physiological , Th17 Cells , MetabolismABSTRACT
This paper introduces several novel HPC-based monitoring devices for community medicine. They support net transmission and have superiorities of portability, small size, good mobility, easy use and strong adaptivity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Community Health Services , Computers, Handheld , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Equipment Design , Monitoring, Physiologic , TelemedicineABSTRACT
Having introduced PACS in brief, this paper presents some technical problems such as the selection of scale, function, database and monitor. And many solutions for these problems are given and compared with each other.
Subject(s)
Data Collection , Equipment Design , Hospital Information Systems , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Information Storage and Retrieval , Methods , Internet , Radiology Information Systems , Reference Standards , Systems IntegrationABSTRACT
Objective To design and develop a portable multi -parameter life sign monitor. Methods Electrocardiogram (ECG). blood pressure(BP), breath frequency (BF), heart rate (HR) and body temperature (BT) in real time were recorded with a single-chip microprocessor 8Xc196Mc and a high-resolution (640×200) graphic liquid crystal display (LCD) through sign al detecting and processing techniques. Results This system cou ld display the ECG wave, and other parameters in real time dynamically. It could also provide a 24 hours trend graph for each parameter measured and exchange th e data through the serial communication interface (RS232) with the PC. C onclusion This portable monitoring system is capable of performing cont inuous monitoring and also has the capability to resist environmental interferen ce through the added design, so it can be used widely.
ABSTRACT
Objective To design and develop a portable multi -parameter life sign monitor. Methods Electrocardiogram (ECG). blood pressure(BP), breath frequency (BF), heart rate (HR) and body temperature (BT) in real time were recorded with a single-chip microprocessor 8Xc196Mc and a high-resolution (640×200) graphic liquid crystal display (LCD) through sign al detecting and processing techniques. Results This system cou ld display the ECG wave, and other parameters in real time dynamically. It could also provide a 24 hours trend graph for each parameter measured and exchange th e data through the serial communication interface (RS232) with the PC. C onclusion This portable monitoring system is capable of performing cont inuous monitoring and also has the capability to resist environmental interferen ce through the added design, so it can be used widely.