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Solenopsis invicta is a kind of invasive pest that causes serious damage to local agriculture, environment, and human health. They attack mainly with venom within stingers. Those who are allergic to the venom would suffer a systemic anaphylaxis, even fatal shock, after being stinged by these ants. Many studies reveal that their venom is mainly composed by water, insoluble alkaloids and trace proteins, within which alkaloids are the main cause of burning sensation and blisters, while allergic reactions are caused by proteins or peptides. The research progress of toxic substances in the venom of Solenopsis invicta as well as the roles and functions of each component were reviewed in this paper.
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Hippo signal pathway is one of the main signal pathways regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in multicellular animals, which plays a vital role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the regulation of organ growth. Most mammals have limited regenerative potential, and recent studies have shown that Hippo signal pathway is critical in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. The role of Hippo signaling pathway in organ regeneration and the research progress of related targets were introduced, the mechanism of Hippo signaling pathway promoting regeneration analyzes were aralyzed in this review, which provide theoretical reference for the treatment of diseases related to organ regeneration.
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Sinomenine is an alkaloid found in the climbing plant Sinomenium acutum.Structurally,it belongs to the iso-quinoline derivatives,which have various bioactivities.Clinically,it is used in the treatment for rheumatism,rheumatoid arthri-tis and arrhythmia,etc.Nevertheless,due to the need of large dose,photo and thermal instability,quick metabolism in vivo and highly allergic for some patients,scientists have committed to modify its structure to develop the highly effective and low toxic derivatives.In this paper,the recent advances in structural modification of sinomenine are reviewed.
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Objective To synthesize a series of 13-acylmatrine derivatives and evaluate their in vitro antitumor activity . Methods Using sophocarpine as the starting material ,a series of new compounds were synthesized through Michael addition , Staudinger reduction and acylation .The structure of target compounds were confirmed by 1 H NMR and MS techniques .Their antitumoractivityagainsthumanhepatomacells(BEL-7404)andmicemelanomacells(K111)wereevaluated invitrobyMTT assay .Results We synthesized 9 compounds and all the compounds exhibited inhibitory activities against BEL-7404 and K111 . Conclusion Compound 4b and compound 4e exhibit good in vitro antitumor activity to human hepatoma cells (BEL-7404) .
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ObjectiveTo describe self efficacy,pregnancy pressure and serum cortisol levels during late pregnancy period in primiparas and explore the mediating effects and regulating effects of self efficacy between pregnancy pressure and serum cortisol levels. MethodsBy convenient sampling,General Selfefficacy Scale and Pregnancy Pressure Scale were conducted to estimate the self-efficacy and pregnancy pressure in primiparas.Maternal venous blood was collected to measure cortisol levels. ResultsThe selfefficacy was positively related to pregnancy pressure and cortisol levels.Self-efficacy has acted partial mediating effects and regulating effects between pregnancy pressure and cortisol levels in primiparas,the mediating effect to the total effect was about 32.6％. ConclusionsSelf-efficacy has acted partial mediating effects and regulating effects between pregnancy pressure and cortisol levels in primiparas.
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BACKGROUND: T cells are believed to play an important role in anti-infection, anti-tumor and immune function. However, the mechanism underlying the differentiation and development remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of T cells in nude mice that are jointly transplanted human thymus and cord blood and the reconstruction of the immune function. METHODS: Thirty Balb/c nu/nu nude mice were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, human thymus tissue was transplanted into the renal capsule of nude mice. Two weeks later, freshly isolated human cord blood CD34+ cells suspension was back perfused into the nude mice via the vein. In the control group, CD34+ cells transplantation was performed directly without thymus transplantation. After 60 days of breeding, the immune function of nude mice was detected in two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human thymus tissue in the renal capsule of nude mice survived and expressed CD3 and HLA-DR molecule. In the experimental group, CD3+ cells which distributed in the form of dots were observed in the mouse spleen. The proportion of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25+ cells were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The nude mice from the experimental group rejected human gastric cancer BGC823 cells, while those from the control group did not. These findings demonstrated that combined human thymus and CD34+ cell transplantation allow nude mice to acquire T cell-mediated cellular immune function and possess the ability of anti-tumor.
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Influenza is a major threat to millions of people worldwide. Vaccines and antiviral agents are two main options available to reduce the impact of the influenza virus, while anti-influenza agents are the most effective means to prevent the transmission of the highly contagious virus and to treat the epidemics of disease. At present, four anti-influenza agents have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of influenza, including two M2 protein ion channel inhibitors-amantadine and rimantadine and two neuraminidase inhibitors-zanamivir and oseltamivir. Arbidol hydrochloride, launched in Russia, is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus, too. Neuraminidase inhibitors could be classified generally by structure into six different kinds: sialic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, cyclohexene derivatives, cyclopentane derivatives, pyrrolidine derivatives and natural products. In this paper, recent progress in the research of the action mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of these anti-influenza virus agents were reviewed.
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@#Because of the population aging,the increase of the stroke patients and the need for rehabilitation,the treatment only in the rehabilitation department of the hospital is far from the satisfaction of people's demands of the service of rehabilitation.It is important to extend the community-based rehabilitation.Compared with the rehabilitation in hospitals,it is more economy,efficiency and convenience for stroke patients in community-based rehabilitation services,and further improve the rehabilitation effect of stroke patients.
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BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD),the two major types of dementia in old age, differ from each other in pathological mechanism, treatment and prognosis. Up to now, no effective therapeutic method for AD is available, but VD can be treated effectively so that patients' quality of life can be improved.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features of brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) and brain evoked potentials (BEP) between AD and VD patients.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis based on AD and VD patients.SETTING: Neurological Department, the First Clinical Medical College of Harbin Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: All inpatients and discharged patients were selected filiated to Harbin Medical University from December 1996 to December 2000. The history was provided by the patients themselves or their relatives who lived together with them. Nine cases of AD and fourteen cases of VD were diagnosed according to the diagnostic standard for AD and VD set by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorder and Stroke-the Alzheimer disease and Related Disorder Association, and Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disease (4th edition). According to the clinical rating standard, the patients had mild or moderate degree of dementia.METHODS: AD and VD patients were analyzed with retrospective analynitive functions, including long-term and short-term memory, calculation,comprehension, abstract thinking, dyschronism and disorientation; c. emotional reaction, including depression, anxiety, fear, euphoria, compulsive laughing and crying; d personality alteration, including indifference,optimally were collected from the abnormal segment signals. After calculation, 4 frequency band powers of θ,δ, α and β of the total power of 1-30 N1, P2, N2 and P3 and the waves of P2 and P3 were measured. Comparison between the two groups and rate comparison were made with t-test and χ2 test, respectively.ease, cognitive functions and noncognitive functions between AD patients RESULTS: Data of 9 AD and 14 VD patients as well as 15 normal old cognitive functions and noncognitive functions between AD patients and VD patients: The onset of AD was slow, but that of VD was abrupt. Cognitive functions of AD patients were decreased, including memory decline,calculation decrement, abstract thinking disorder, dyschronism and disorientation. The cognitive functions of VD group were characterized by partial decrement and intermittent ladderlike aggravation. Memory decline and calculation ability decrease were the main characteristics, but other cognitive dysfunctions could not be observed as much as in AD. The patients of AD group often had depression as the most common emotional disorder.Personality alteration took initiative decrement as the most common one,whereas emotional disorder in the patients of VD group was presented by compulsive crying and laughing. One patient seldom had more than two and VD patients: BEAM of 7 AD patients was characterized by the power of θ frequency band of the whole head increased. The level of increase was consistent with the level of dementia (score of MMSE). At the same time,the power of α and β frequency bands declined, and the power of δ increased later, the left side (F3) was significantly higher than the right side AD and VD patients: The changes of BEP in the two group patients had poorly differentiated waves, with lower P300 wave and obviously delayed latent period. The abnormality degree of patients in AD group was more obvious than that in VD group.with memory decline and calculation ability decrease as the main characteristics in VD patients. The noncognitive functions of AD patients were more aftients were presented as the increased power of the whole head in the former ones and the increased power of θ frequency band in the latter ones. The changes were coincident with the severity of dementia in AD, but not in VD.effect of the former one was greater than that of the latter one.
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BACKGROUND: Although angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, it cannot be used widely because of its traumatotaxis. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and MRA are both non-invasive examinations, which can be used to evaluate intracranial large artery vascular trunks and hemodynamics.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of diagnosis with TCD on hemodynamic changes of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) and the relativity between TCD and MRA.DESIGN: Case analysis based on patients.SETTING: Neurological Department of the First Affiliated Clinical Hos-pital, Harbin Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: From April 2001 to February 2002,totally 45 patients with stroke,selected from outpatients and inpatients of Neurological Department of First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University,examined by CT, to be told the fact and accepted, were taken part in the study.METHODS: Patients were examined with TC-2021 TCD instrument produced by German EME Corporation and VISART1.5T superconduct MR instrument produced by Toshiba. Totally 45 patients had TCD and MRI examinations, and the alternation between two examinations was 1 to 15 days. The hemodynamics and morphological changes were observed including middle cerebral artery (MCA), end of internal carotid artery (ICA),anterior cerebral artery (ACA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), basal artery (BA), and vertebral artery (VA).large artery vascular trunks and hemodynamic results with TCD and MRA;ty, false positive and false negative with TCD with those of MRA.TCD and MRA: Theory data was Tmin=9.91; χ2=107.92, P ＜ 0.005, it was considered that the results with the rate of TCD were related with that of MRA. The detection rate of TCD was 19.06%, and that of MRA was 15.25%. There were significant differences between the detection rate of standard, the sensibility of diagnosing abnormal vessels by TCD was 78.10%, specificity 94.22%, false positive 7.46%, false negative 23.31%,and the coincidence rate 89.36%.CONCLUSION: TCD can assess exactly the functional status of the vessels. It can also reflect early and sensitively the change of hemodynamics of cerebral blood flow. While MRA can display the change of vascular appearance directly so that the combination of TCD and MRA will be improve sensibility and specificity of diagnosis.