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Objective:To investigate the effect of sodium octanoate on renal-intestinal ischemia- reperfusion injury (IRI) after resuscitation from traumatic cardiac arrest in pigs.Methods:Twenty-two miniature piglets with a body weight of (37.6±2.5)kg were divided into three groups according to the random-number table method: normal group ( n=7), IRI group ( n=7) and IRI-treated group ( n=8). A renal-intestinal IRI model of the pig was established by allowing femoral artery to bleed through blood pump at a rate of 2 ml·kg -1·min -1 until cardiac arrest, followed by whole blood transfusion through the femoral vein at a rate of 5 ml·kg -1·min -1 after observation for 6 minutes, and 50% of total blood loss was reinfused before resuscitation. Both the IRI group and IRI-treated group were with IRI model, while normal group was just monitored without induction of IRI. Besides, IRI-treated group was injected intravenously with sodium octanoate (30 mg/kg) for 1 hour at 5 minutes after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). (1) The rate of resuscitation success, survival rate at 4, 24 hours after resuscitation, blood loss when reaching cardiac arrest criteria and resuscitation time when reaching the ROSC criteria were compared in the three groups. (2) Levels of serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) and diamine oxidase (DAO) were measured before resuscitation and at 1, 2, 4, 24 hours after resuscitation. (3) The animals were sacrificed at 24 hours post-resuscitation to harvest renal and intestinal tissues rapidly. TUNEL test was applied for the cellular apoptosis index. Prussian blue was used to detect the rate of iron deposition. Western blot analysis was used to measure levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member4 (ACSL4). Results:In three groups, all pigs survived. There was no significant difference in blood loss or resuscitation time between IRI group and IRI-treated group (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in levels of SCr, BUN, iFABP or DAO before resuscitation and at 1, 2, 4, 24 hours after resuscitation in normal group (all P>0.05). But their levels were gradually increased at 1, 2, 4, 24 hours after resuscitation from that before resuscitation in IRI group and IRI-treated group (all P<0.01). Among three groups, levels of SCr, BUN, iFABP and DAO had no significant difference before resuscitation (all P>0.05), but showed obvious increase in IRI group and the IRI-treated group at 1, 2, 4, 24 hours after resuscitation compared with normal group, especially in IRI group (all P<0.01). In normal group, IRI group and IRI-treated group after 24 hours for resuscitation, the cellular apoptosis index of renal tissues was (2.3±0.8)%, (44.0±5.4)% and (13.8±4.3)%; the cellular apoptosis index of intestinal tissues was (2.6±0.9)%, (61.3±10.4)% and (20.8±3.7)%; the rate of iron deposition of renal tissues was (0.6±0.1)%, (3.9±1.0)% and (1.7±0.3)%; the rate of iron deposition of intestinal tissues was (0.8±0.1)%, (4.9±0.9)% and (2.1±0.5)% (all P<0.01). The cellular apoptosis index and rate of iron deposition of both renal and intestinal tissues were the highest in IRI group. The renal-intestinal expression of GPX4 in IRI group and IRI-treated group was lower than that in normal group at 24 hours after resuscitation (all P<0.05), with the lowest in IRI group. The renal-intestinal expression of ACSL4 in IRI group and IRI-treated group was higher than that in normal group at 24 hours after resuscitation (all P< 0.01), with the highest in IRI group. Conclusion:Sodium octanoate can reduce renal-intestinal IRI after resuscitation from traumatic cardiac arrest in pigs, the mechanism for which is probably due to that sodium octanoate can inhibit cellular apoptosis and reduce ferroptosis by regulating the expression levels of GPX4 and ACSL4.
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Objective To study the correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and secretory otitis media (SOM).Methods A total of 294 adult patients with reflux-related symptoms were recruited in this study.The patients were evaluated with reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS).Tympanometry was conducted to all the patients.The 54 patients with the otitis media effusion with type B tympanograms were tested by auripuncture.Results Among the 294 patients,168 cases showed RSI＜13,in which 128 cases,31 cases and 9 cases had type A,type C,and type B tympanograms,respectively.The other 126 patients showed RSI＞13 in which 52 cases,29 cases and 45 cases had type A,type C,and type B tympanograms,respectively.Among the 294 patiems,172 patients showed RFS＜7,in which 131,32 and 9 cases had type A,type C,and type B tympanograms,respectively.The left 122 patients showed RFS＞7,in which 49,28 and 45 cases had type A,type C,and type B tympanograms,respectively.The ratio of type B tympanograms in the patients with RSI＞13 and RFS＞7 were both significantly higher than those in the patients with RSI＜13 and RFS＜7 (P＜0.05).The RSI scores of patients with type A,C,and B tympanogram were 8.6± 3.8,15.9±7.5,and 23.9±8.6,respectively,and the RFS score were 5.6±2.6,9.6±4.7,and 15.3±6.6,respectively.Compared with type A and C,the patients with type B tympanogram had significantly higher RSI and RFS score (P＜ 0.05).Among the 54 patients of type B tympanograms,those with RSI＜13 were found to have serous fluid,grume fluid,glue fluid as in 6 cases,2 cases,and 1 case,while the patient of the RSI＞ 13 had serous fluid,grume fluid,glue fluid in 13 cases,23 cases,and 9 cases,respectively.The otitis media effusion of the patients with the RSI＜13 were mainly serous,while those with the RSI＞13 were mainly sticky.Conclusion The correlation between LPR and SOM was significant.LPRmay accelerate the progress of SOM.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of interleukin (IL)-21 (IL-21) and IL-22 in patients with Kimura's disease (KD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expressions of IL-21 and IL-22 were examined immunohistochemically in 36 patients with KD and 7 normal controls. The integral absorbance (IA) of the two groups was compared. Meanwhile, clinical data were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IA of IL-21 [M(Q): 1 373 418 (1 800 926)] and IL-22 [M(Q): 462 086(484 672)] in KD was significantly higher than those in normal controls [M(Q): 70 445(44 658), 51 599(71 241), P < 0.05]. The overexpression of IL-21 was significantly associated with pruritus (Z = -1.993, P < 0.05). Moreover, IL-21 was identified for disease recurrence (Z = -2.303, P < 0.05). There was a significant association between the expression of IL-22 and the number of affected sites (Z = -1.979, P < 0.05). In addition, IL-22 was significantly higher in the high-eosinophils group than in the low-eosinophils group (Z = -2.025, P < 0.05). There was no association between IL-21, IL-22 and age, gender, laterality, maximum size.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IL-21 and IL-22 may be involved in the pathogenesis of KD.</p>
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Humans , Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia , Metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Eosinophils , Interleukins , Metabolism , Leukocyte Count , Pruritus , Metabolism , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intratympanic steroid therapy compared with systemic ster‐oid therapy on the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) patients with damaged glu‐cose tolerance .Methods Fifty first -diagnosed unilateral ISSNHL patients with damaged glucose tolerance were randomized devided equally to the intervention group (intratympanic steroid therapy) or the control group (systemic steroid therapy) ,all patients received conventional drug therapy simultaneously .Pure-tone hearing threshold tests were performed in all patients every 3 days after the first time ,and repeated measures anova was used to assess effects of hearing recovery accompanied with time .Results The mean hearing threshold in the control group de‐creased from 85 .4 ± 5 .6 dB to 48 .2 ± 4 .9 dB ,while in the intervention group it decreased from 84 .8 ± 5 .6 dB to 31 .7 ± 4 .6 dB .Total effective rate in the intervention group (84 .00% ,21/95) was higher than that in the control group (68 .00% ,17/25)(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The intratympanic steroid therapy is more effective than systemic steroid therapy in the treatment of ISSNHL patients with damaged glucose tolerance .