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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of different doses of vitamin C (VC) in prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet to establish NAFLD models. The experimental animals were divided into early prevention and later treatment groups. Both of these two experimental processes had five subgroups, including control, high-fat diet (HFD), low-dose vitamin C (LD-VC, 15 mg/kg per day), medium-dose vitamin C (MD-VC, 30 mg/kg per day) and high-dose vitamin C (HD-VC, 90 mg/kg per day) subgroup, with six mice in each subgroup. In the early prevention group, the mice were prophylactically received VC for 12 weeks. In the later treatment group, the mice were treated with different dose of VC for 12 weeks after fed with HFD for six weeks and confirmed NAFLD by liver pathology. The differences in body weight, perirenal adipose tissue mass and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TG) were observed among different groups. The scores of hepatocyte steatosis, lobular inflammation and ballooning in liver histopathology of mice in each group were evaluated by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) scoring system. Tukey′s multiple comparison test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed for statistical analysis. Results:In the early prevention group, the body weight, perirenal adipose tissue mass, TG level and the score of liver steatosis of LD-VC subgroup were all lower than those of HFD subgroup ((30.27±0.94) g vs. (32.18±1.35) g, (0.25±0.05) g vs. (0.32±0.02) g, (0.25±0.02) mmol/L vs. (0.30±0.03) mmol/L, 0 vs. 1.0(1.0)). The body weight, perirenal adipose tissue mass, blood glucose level, TG level and score of liver steatosis of MD-VC subgroup were all lower than those of HFD subgroup ( (29.72±0.58) g vs. (32.18±1.35) g, (0.24±0.05) g vs. (0.32±0.02) g, (6.93±0.59) mmol/L vs. (8.33±1.02) mmol/L, (0.24±0.04) mmol/L vs. (0.30±0.03) mmol/L, 0 vs. 1.0(1.0)); meanwhile, the blood glucose level and TG level of HD-VC subgroup were both lower than those of HFD subgroup ((6.72±0.59) mmol/L vs. (8.33±1.02) mmol/L, (0.23±0.04) mmol/L vs. (0.30±0.03) mmol/L), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In the later treatment group, TG level of LD-VC subgroup was lower than that of HFD subgroup ((0.25±0.07) mmol/L vs. (0.37±0.06) mmol/L); the body weight, perirenal adipose tissue mass, blood glucose level, TG level and liver steatosis score of MD-VC subgroup were lower than those of HFD subgroup ((29.93±1.28) g vs. (33.24±2.45) g, (0.29±0.08) g vs. (0.53±0.14) g, (7.63±0.57) mmol/L vs. (9.13±1.52) mmol/L, (0.23±0.03) mmol/L vs. (0.37±0.06) mmol/L, 0.5(1.0) vs. 2.0(1.0)); the blood glucose level and TG level of HD-VC subgroup were both lower than those of HFD subgroup ((7.20±0.72) mmol/L vs. (9.13±1.52) mmol/L, (0.19±0.03) mmol/L vs. (0.37±0.06) mmol/L); however the body weight, liver weight, perirenal adipose tissue mass and lobular inflammation score of HD-VC subgroup were all high than those of HFD subgroup( (36.34±2.44) g vs. (33.24±2.45) g, (1.18±0.07) g vs. (1.06±0.09) g, (0.78±0.17) g vs. (0.53±0.14) g, 1.0(1.0) vs.0(1.0)), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The body weight, perirenal adipose tissue mass and the score of liver steatosis, lobular inflammation and ballooning of LD-VC subgroup of the early prevention group were all lower than those of LD-VC subgroup of the later treatment group ((30.27±0.94) g vs. (34.75±1.64) g, (0.25±0.05) g vs. (0.61±0.14) g, 0 vs.1.5(1.0), 0 vs. 0.5(1.0), 0 vs. 1.0(0)); and the body weight, liver weight, perirenal adipose tissue mass, ALT level, AST level and scores of liver steatosis and lobulor inflammation of HD-VC subgroup of the early prevention group were all lower than those of HD-VC subgroup of the late treatment group ((31.78±0.71) g vs. (36.34±2.44) g, (1.01±0.02) g vs. (1.18±0.07) g, (0.30±0.05) g vs. (0.78±0.17) g, (8.83±0.98) U/L vs. (12.75±2.05) U/L, (29.00±4.19) U/L vs. (41.88±14.36) U/L, 1.0(0) vs. 2.5(1.0), 0 vs. 1.0(1.0)), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:MD-VC can prevent the occurrence of NAFLD in mice at an early stage, and it is also benefit to the later treatment of NAFLD in mice. However, HD-VC has potential risks in early prevention and later treatment of NAFLD in mice.
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Objective@#To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), Fibroscan, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI), and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio (APRI) and their combination for early stage liver cirrhosis.@*Methods@#Three hundred and twenty-two hospitalized patients who had been diagnosed with chronic viral liver disease from March 2016 to April 2018 were included. According to the clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into chronic hepatitis and the early stage liver cirrhosis group (Child-Pugh A grade). All patients were examined by Fibroscan to detect liver stiffness measurement (LSM), ARFI to detect liver virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) value, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and EUS to detect esophagogastric varices, laboratory and imaging examination. The index of EUS, Fibroscan, ARFI, and APRI was analyzed and the regression model was established by binary logistic regression, and the diagnostic efficacy of the above index and regression model for early stage of cirrhosis was evaluated by the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs).@*Results@#An early stage cirrhosis group had significantly higher detection rate with EUS (esophagogastric varices), Fibroscan (LSM), ARFI (VTQ) and APRI than chronic hepatitis group [76.7% vs. 10.7%, 10.4 (7.8, 17.3) vs. 6.1 (5.2, 8.4) kPa, 1.71(1.48, 2.07) m/s vs. 1.25(1.14, 1.43) m/s and 0.65 (0.38, 1.15) vs. 0.38(0.26, 0.62), respectively]. The corresponding chi-square test were 140.86, Z = -9.069, Z = -9.948 and Z = -5.764, respectively and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve and regression model were 0.830 (0.783 ~ 0.877), 0.793 (0.744 ~ 0.841), 0.821 (0.775 ~ 0.868), 0.686 (0.628 ~ 0.744) and 0.947 (0.925 ~ 0.969) for the diagnosis of early stage cirrhosis, respectively. Among them, the regression model of three indices (EUS, LSM and VTQ) had the largest AUROCs (0.947) and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 0.878 and 0.867, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The combination of EUS, LSM and ARFI had a superior diagnostic value for early stage liver cirrhosis, and may improve the diagnosis rate and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.
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BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that chitosan can promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury and methylprednisolone can improve the microenvironment around nerve injuries, which are commonly used in clinical treatment of acute central nervous system injury. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of modified chitosan and methylprednisolone combination on repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. METHODS:The rat sciatic nerve was transected and microscopical y anastomosed immediately. Then, modified chitosan, methylprednisolone, methylprednisolone+modified chitosan, and saline were injected respectively around the anastomosis site, compared with the sham surgery group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with other groups, the combination group showed shorter claw extending reflex recovery time (P<0.05). Significant differences were found between the combination group and other groups in nerve conduction velocity, the remnant rate of gastrocnemius wet weight, the diameter and section area of gastrocnemius cells (P<0.05). The nerve fibers through the anastomotic site were significantly increased, with consistent thickness and arrangement and less neurodegeneration when observed 12 weeks after operation. In conclusion, the modified chitosan combined with methylprednisolone could significantly promote the sciatic nerve repair.
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OBJECTIVE To study the disinfection effect of three kinds of chlorine-containing disinfectants to surgical instruments. METHODS HBV on surgical instruments disinfected respectively by three kinds of disinfectants were tested with PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Although HBV negative proportions were not too high,three kinds of chlorine-containing disinfectants had disinfection effect on surgical instrument.The HBV negative proportion of XIAOJIAJIN 20/500 group was 71.4%(P