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Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) accounts for about 3%-5% of all intracerebral hemorrhage, which can be divided into primary and secondary IVH. Primary IVH is mostly caused by choroid plexus vascular or subependymal artery rupture, and secondary IVH refers to spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage that breaks into the ventricle and the prognosis was poor. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanism, severity assessment, and treatment progress of secondary IVH.
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More and more studies have shown that peripheral blood cell counts, including neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, platelet counts and related ratios are associated with the clinical outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis. Therefore, as a biomarker to predict the outcome of patients with stroke, peripheral blood cell count and related ratio have important clinical application value. This article reviews the predicting value of blood cell count and related ratios for the outcome of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Objective@#To establish a method for the determination of aluminum in blood, and to detect the aluminum content in the blood of occupational aluminum workers.@*Methods@#The morning blood of the aluminum workers was collected in an anticoagulation tube, and the supernatant was centrifuged. The supernatant was diluted with 4% nitric acid containing 1% Triton for 24 h at room temperature, and the supernatant was centrifuged. The supernatant was filtered and the blood aluminum concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and quantified by external standard method.@*Results@#The detection limit of ICP-MS method was 0.39 μg/L, the linear range was 0-160 μg/L, the recoveries were 98.24%-99.65%, and the precision was 0.19%-0.28%. The recoveries of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) were 97.17%-111.18%, and the precision was 0.35%-0.44%. The average blood aluminum concentration of aluminum workers in the normal control group was (19.87±10.65) μg/L. The average blood aluminum concentration of aluminum workers in the expose group was (31.12±11.43) μg/L.@*Conclusion@#The method of ICP-MS for the determination of aluminum concentration in blood has a simple pretreatment process, high recovery rate, low detection limit and high precision, which is suitable for popularization.
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In the research of artificial joint biomechanics, it is a common method in the world to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the implanted fixtures through experiments . The domestic research started late, and the corresponding testing methods were lacking. There is still no unified standard. In this paper, a complete hardware test system was designed and built around the existing mechanical testing machine, including:binocular vision catcher, torque bearing clamp, film pressure sensor and so on. The system can accurately measure the relative motion angle value, external torque value, and inter pressure value of each joint. It has some reference significance for the forming and standardization of the artificial joints' evaluation system.
Subject(s)
Biomechanical Phenomena , Joint Prosthesis , Motion , Pressure , TorqueABSTRACT
In the research of artificial joint biomechanics, it is a common method in the world to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the implanted fixtures through experiments . The domestic research started late, and the corresponding testing software were lacking. There is still no special software. In this paper, an integrated software test system was designed and built based on the existing hardware system, including:hardware control, data collection, data save, data processing and display. It can directly show the 3D motion trajectory and the angle curve of joints. The system can accurately measure the relative motion angle value, external torque value, and inter pressure value of each joint. It has some reference significance for the development of the artificial joints' evaluation system.
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Objective@#To investigate the influence of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) solution on the embryon-ic development of zebrafish and neurobehavior of juvenile fish.@*Methods@#The embryos of zebrafishat 6 hours after fertilization were exposed to AlCl3 solution at a concentration of 0, 55.0, 60.5, 66.6, 73.5, 80.5, or 100.0 mg/L, and embryonic hatching rates at 48 and 72 hours after fertilization were calculated. The embryos of zebrafishat 6 hours after fertilization were exposed to AlCl3 solution at a concentration of 0, 60.0, 72.0, 86.4, 103.7, or 124.4 mg/L, and the embryonic mortality rates at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after fertilization were calculat-ed. The embryos of zebrafish at 6 hours after fertilization were exposed to AlCl3 solution at a concentration of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 μg/L, and the changes in the neurobehavior of juvenile fish were observed after hatching, including touch-escape reaction at 72 hours after fertilization and autonomic movement and panic es-cape reflex at 7 days after fertilization.@*Results@#Compared with the 0 mg/L group, the≥66.6 mg/L group had a sig-nificant reduction in embryonic hatching rate at 48 and 72 hours after fertilization, and the ≥72.0 mg/L group had a significant increase in embryonic mortality rate at 96 hours after fertilization (P<0.05) . Compared with the 0 μg/L group, the≥100 μg/L group had a significant reduction in the number of times of touch-escape reaction (P<0.05) .Compared with the 0 and 50 μg/L groups, the 100-800 μg/L groups had significant reductions in total movement distance and average speed (P<0.05) . Compared with the dark period before illumination, all groups had a significant increase in movement speed during the light period of the panic escape reflex test (i.e., the third minute) (P<0.05) ; within 2 minutes after the light was turned off, there was no significant change in movement speed in the 0-200 μg/L groups (P>0.05) ; the 400 and 800 μg/L groups had a significant increase in movement speed (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#AlCl3 exposure may cause embryonic developmental disorder in zebrafish and ab-normal neurobehavior in juvenile fish.
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OBJECTIVE To study the effect of nano-alumina(nano-Al2 O3 )on mitophagy in primary cortical neuronal cells from Wistar newborn rats. METHODS The purity of neuronal cells was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)assay was performed to determine the viability of the cells treated with 13 nm nano-Al2 O3 0.5 mmol·L-1 for 12,24 and 48 h,respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)was detected by flow cytometry analysis . The ultrastructure of mitochondria and mitophagy vacuoles was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Auto-phagic vacuoles were observed by dansylpentanediamine(MDC)staining and the expression of autoph-agy related protein Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/ Ⅰ was determined by Western blotting. Mitophagy was observed by Lysotracker and Mitotracker staining respectively. RESULTS More than 95% cells were neuronal cells. The activity of LDH in the supernatant liquid exposed to nano-Al2 O3 for 12 and 24 h groups was sig-nificantly increased compared with the control group(P﹤0.05). After exposure to nano-Al2 O3 ,the mito-chondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased compared with the control group( P ﹤0.01). The results of TEM displayed mitochondrial swelling and the formation of vacuoles and mitophagy in nano-Al2 O3 groups. MDC positive fluorescence particles were observed and the expression of autophagy related protein Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/ Ⅰ was increased in nano-Al2 O3 groups compared with the control group( P ﹤ 0. 05 ). The result of Lysotracker and Mitotracker colocalization showed the fusion of mitochondria and lysosomals. CONCULSION Nano-Al2 O3 may induce autophagy and mitochondria damage in neuronal cells while the damaged mitochondria may be removed by mitophagy.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the potential neurotoxicity of nano-alu mina (<50 n m)in vivo, we treated the ICR mouse with the nano-alu mina to investigate the mitochondrial da mage of nerve cells on morphology and function.METHODS Adult male mice were exposed to nano-alu mina (<50 n m)of 0,25,50 and 75 mg·kg -1 by nasal instillation for 1 month.Then we observed the mitochondrial ultra-structure of the nerve cells in CA3 region of hippoca mpus,and measured the mean dia meter in every group.The activities of Na +-K +-ATPase and Ca2 +-Mg2 +-ATPase were tested by the determination of the inorganic phosphorus,which was the deco mposition product of ATPase.Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of COX-Ⅳ,Beclin1 ,LC3Ιand LC3Ⅱ.RESULTS Co mpared with 0 and 25 mg·kg -1 groups exposed to Al2 O3 nanopartilces (Al2 O3 NPs),the mitochondria of CA3 region in hip-poca mpus in 50 mg·kg -1 group beca me ede matous and swollen with sparse and broken cristae sur-rounding the nuclear,and the mean dia meter was higher(0.49 ±0.02 μm,P <0.05).But co mpared with 50 mg·kg -1 group,the mitochondria in 75 mg·kg -1 group beca me s maller with inner cristae of high density,and the mean dia meter was lower(0.36 ±0.02 μm,P<0.05).The enzy me activity of the mito-chondria in cerebral cortex decreased dose-dependently with exposure,the activities of Na +-K +-ATPase in 50 and 75 mg·kg -1 groups(6.37 ±0.22 kU·g -1 protein,5.48 ±1 .53 kU·g -1 protein)and Ca2 +-Mg2 +-ATPase in 50 and 75 mg·kg -1 groups (3.21 ±0.99 kU·g -1 protein,3.28 ±0.15 kU·g -1 protein)were lower than the 0 mg·kg -1 group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the Ca2 +-Mg2 +-ATPase in 50 and 75 mg·kg -1 groups showed lower activities in co mparison with the 25 mg·kg -1 group.The 75 mg·kg -1 group expressed higher level of the COX-Ⅳ protein 1 .35 ±0.66(P<0.05)than other groups.Both expression of Beclin1 protein and rate of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰin 75 mg·kg -1 group were more than the 0 mg·kg -1 group. CONCLUSION The mitochondrial dysfunction may be the potential neurotoxicity of nano-alu mina,and the da maged mitochondria were cleared by autophagy.