ABSTRACT
DNA barcoding is a powerful approach for characterizing species of organisms, especially those with almost identical morphological features, thereby helping to to establish phylogenetic relationships and reveal evolutionary histories. In this study, we chose a 648-bp segment of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), as a standard barcode region to establish phylogenetic relationships among brine shrimp (Artemia) species from major habitats around the world and further focused on the biodiversity of Artemia species in China, especially in the Tibetan Plateau. Samples from five major salt lakes of the Tibetan Plateau located at altitudes over 4,000 m showed clear differences from other Artemia populations in China. We also observed two consistent amino acid changes, 153A/V and 183L/F, in the COI gene between the high and low altitude species in China. Moreover, indels in the COI sequence were identified in cyst and adult samples unique to the Co Qen population from the Tibetan Plateau, demonstrating the need for additional investigations of the mitochondrial genome among Tibetan Artemia populations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Artemia , Classification , Genetics , Base Sequence , China , DNA, Mitochondrial , Chemistry , Genetics , Electron Transport Complex IV , Genetics , Genetic Variation , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Selection, Genetic , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid , TibetABSTRACT
Objective To establish method for the fingerprint of Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae using UFLC with the hierarchical cluster analysis.Methods Column:Shimadzu C18(3.0 mm?75 mm,1.7 ?m);mobile phase:Acetonitrile-0.4% phosphorylation(5.5∶94.5);flow rate:0.8 mL/min;detection wavelength:240 nm;temperature:40 ℃.Results This method had a good linearity in the range of 0.154 8—1.858 mg/mL,and the average recovery was 102.09% with RSD of 1.68% for swertiamarin.It had a good linearity in the range of 0.322—5.152 mg/mL,and the average recovery was 103.80% with RSD of 1.11% for gentiopicroside.The RSD of precision and reproducibility were lower than 2.1%.The result of fingerprint studying was the same with the hierarchical cluster analysis.Conclusion This method can be used as standardized implantation and quality control of Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the anticoagulant effects of Pheretima extracts and analyze the effective constituents. Methods Antithrombotic effects of Pheretima extracts were observed by determining the coagulation time, bleeding time of mice and the recalcification time of rabbit plasma in vitro, meanwhile the content of free amino acid in the extracts were determined. Results Pheretima extracts could prolong the coagulation time, bleeding time of mice, and the recalcification time of rabbit plasma in vitro. The content of free amino acid was rich in Pheretima extracts. Conclusion Free amino acid in Pheretima extracts may be the main anticoagulant effective constituents.