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Objective To investigate the geographic landscape features in Yulong plague natural focus.Methods Four altitudinal gradients (2 400-,2 600-,2 800-,≥3 000 m) were selected as study objects in Yulong plague natural focus from December 2015 to November 2016 to collect and analyze geographic landscape factors (topography and terrain,climate,water areas,vegetation and soil) based on the literatures about this plague focus.Results Yulong plague natural focus was an area with mid-mountain and subalpine topography in northwestern Yunnan Province,and its terrain had the character of lower in the southeast and higher in the northwest.This area belonged to plateau warm temperate monsoon climate of low latitude with an average month temperature 13.6 ℃ from 2005-2016,month air relative humidity averaged 59.4％,and rainfall averaged 884.5 mm a year,which concentrated mostly from June to September.About 98.1％ of the water area in Yulong County was controlled by Chin-sha River.The vegetation and soil were characterized by vertical distribution along with altitude gradients obviously.Conclusion The unique geographical landscape of the plague natural focus in Yulong County is one of important factors affecting the occurrence and epidemic of the plague.
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Objective To investigate the community structure and spatial distribution of wild myomorpha in the plague foci of Lianghe County,Yunnan Province.Methods From December 2015 to October 2016,in Mangdong,Hexi,Nangsong and other places in Lianghe County,forest landscape samples were randomly selected in different altitude gradients (1 000 ～,1 200 ～,1 400 ～,≥ 1 600 m).Peanut was used as a bait for trapping myomorpha,and the community structure of myomorpha was analyzed.Results A total of 663 myomorpha were collected and the density was 7.97％ (663/8 320),which were divided into 16 species,11 genus,5 families,and 3 orders.Rattus tanezumi (30.62％,203/663) was the dominant species.In the 1 000-＜ 1 200 m altitude gradient,the richness of myomorpha was the highest (13 kinds).In the 1 400-＜ 1 600 m altitude gradient,the index of diversity (2.094 2) was the highest.With the increase of altitude,the ecological dominance were increased,and the values were 0.672 2,0.774 2,0.842 8,and 0.882 4,respectively,whereas the evenness presented a decreasing trend,and the values were 0.269 2,0.197 1,0.142 8,and 0.162 0.Conclusions The Rattus tanezumi has presented a single dominant distribution at different elevation and the number and the species of the wild rodent with superior position have increased with the altitude increased in Lianghe focus.With the increase of altitude,the diversity and the evenness have increased,whereas the richness and the dominance have decreased.
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Objective To compare and analyze the soil eight metal elements contents of rat holes of three plague foci in Yunnan Province.Methods The soils were collected from the rat holes in Yulong,Jianchuan,and Lianghe plague foci.Calcium (Ca),iron (Fe),zinc (Zn),chromium (Cr),lead (Pb),manganese (Mn),cadmium (Cd),and copper (Cu) were quantified with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).Data input,calculation and collation were conducted through Excel 2007,and statistical software SPSS 20.0 was used to carried out statistical analysis through rank sum test.Results The medians of Ca content in the rat hole soil of Yulong County,Jianchuan County,and Lianghe County,respectively,were 85.40,308.56,and 0.00 mg/kg;the medians of Fe were 2 569.07,1 950.16,and 975.72 mg/kg;the medians of Zn were 5.64,4.02,and 2.04 mg/kg;the medians of Cr were 1.09,3.06,and 0.71 mg/kg;the medians of Pb were 3.61,29.56,and 22.80 mg/kg;the medians of Mn were 223.01,212.97,and 80.43 mg/kg;the medians of Cd were 0.00,2.02,and 2.94 mg/kg;and the medians of Cu were 1.92,1.08,and 0.51 mg/kg.The contents of eight metal elements were statistically different in the soil samples between Yulong,Jianchuan,and Lianghe plague foci (H =80.538,127.687,202.583,185.359,124.747,150.057,91.346,228.546,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The content of Fe in soil of the three plague foci in Yunnan Province is abundant.The contents of metal elements of Yulong County and Jianchuan County are similar.
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BACKGROUND:Artificial cornea titanium scaffold has a higher complication rate in clinical usage; therefore, to seek a kind of artificial corneal scaffold with high biocompatibility is a hot spot. OBJECTIVE:To explore the biocompatibility of the artificial cornea titanium scaffold with hydroxyapatite surface modification. METHODS: Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were enroled to make alkali burn models of the right cornea and then randomized into three groups: in experimental group, artificial cornea titanium scaffold with hydroxyapatite surface modification was implanted into the right eye; in control group, artificial cornea titanium scaffold was implanted into the right eye; in blank group, no scaffold was implanted into the right eye. At 2, 4, 16 weeks after implantation, the right corneas were taken out for pathological observation and scanning electron microscope observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 16 weeks after implantation, there was no difference in the number of inflammatory cels and fibroblasts among the three groups. Over time, in the experimental group, the corneal tissues, fibrous tissues and adhered extracelular matrices were increased gradualy. In addition, the experimental group had more adherent corneal tissues, extracelular matrices and better tissue healing than the control and blank groups. These findings indicate that the artificial cornea titanium scaffold with hydroxyapatite surface modification had good biocompatibility that can effectively promote proliferation of corneal cels and corneal vascularization.
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OBJECTIVE To study the way to solve the problem of management of disposable medical daily(necessities) in basic-level medical organization.METHODS To understand the state of management of the disposable medical daily necessities in basic-level medical organization,we investigated actively and inquired the medical(organization) in our county.RESULTS The(rate) of their usage was 100% including syringes,implements of(perfusion),catheters,gastric tubes,drainage tubes and vaginal dilators in basic-level medical organization,but their quality could not be guaranteed due to unregulated management;few of medical organization had specialized management,and(special) and classified storage.CONCLUSIONS The reason of unregulated management in(disposable) medical daily necessities in basic-level medical organization lies in themselves;the way to solve these questions is to put emphasis on training medical staff in basic-level medical organization,strengthen the(superintendence),and increase the consciousness of controlling hospital infection.