ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in improving intraoperative wake-up quality in the patients undergoing thoracolumbar scoliosis correction with general anesthesia.Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 18-60 yr,scheduled for elective posterior approach thoracolumbar scoliosis correction,were divided into 2 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table method:control group (C group)and bilateral ESPB group (E group).Bilateral ESPB was performed through injecting 0.375％ ropivacaine 15-20 ml to each site in group E.Anesthesia was induced by intravenously injecting propofol,sufentanil and cisatracufium after dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused for 10 min.Anesthesia was maintained by intravenously infusing remifentanil,propofol and dexmedetomidine.Propofol infusion was stopped and the infusion rate of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine was decreased during intraoperative wake-up test.Wake-up test was performed every 30 s starting from 5 min after stopping propofol infusion.The wake-up time,occurrence of agitation and coughing,hemodynamic changes (△ MAP and △ HR,the difference between MAP while stopping administration before wake-up test and maximum MAP during wake-up test,the difference between HR while stopping administration before wake-up test and maximum HR during wake-up test) and blood loss were recorded.The wake-up quality was assessed during operation.Results Compared with C group,the wake-up time was significantly shortened,the incidence of agitation and coughing was decreased,blood loss was reduced,△ MAP and △ HR were decreased,and the wake-up quality was increased in E group (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Bilateral ESPB can increase the intraoperative wake-up quality in the patients undergoing thoracolumbar scoliosis correction with general anesthesia.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in improving intraoperative wake-up quality in the patients undergoing thoracolumbar scoliosis correction with general anesthesia.@*Methods@#Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱor Ⅲ patients of both sexes, aged 18-60 yr, scheduled for elective posterior approach thoracolumbar scoliosis correction, were divided into 2 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group) and bilateral ESPB group (E group). Bilateral ESPB was performed through injecting 0.375% ropivacaine 15-20 ml to each site in group E. Anesthesia was induced by intravenously injecting propofol, sufentanil and cisatracurium after dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused for 10 min.Anesthesia was maintained by intravenously infusing remifentanil, propofol and dexmedetomidine.Propofol infusion was stopped and the infusion rate of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine was decreased during intraoperative wake-up test.Wake-up test was performed every 30 s starting from 5 min after stopping propofol infusion.The wake-up time, occurrence of agitation and coughing, hemodynamic changes (△MAP and △HR, the difference between MAP while stopping administration before wake-up test and maximum MAP during wake-up test, the difference between HR while stopping administration before wake-up test and maximum HR during wake-up test) and blood loss were recorded.The wake-up quality was assessed during operation.@*Results@#Compared with C group, the wake-up time was significantly shortened, the incidence of agitation and coughing was decreased, blood loss was reduced, △MAP and △HR were decreased, and the wake-up quality was increased in E group (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Bilateral ESPB can increase the intraoperative wake-up quality in the patients undergoing thoracolumbar scoliosis correction with general anesthesia.
ABSTRACT
Abnormal changes during fat formation are closely related to the prevalence of many diseases. In order to understand the formation mechanism of fat, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the morphology and mechanical properties of porcine preadipocytes during the differentiation. Preadipocytes and adipocytes were different morphologically. The surface roughness of adipocytes was less than preadipocytes by detection of the ultrastructure. The mechanical properties of preadipocytes were changed during differentiation with AFM-based force spectroscopy. Preadipocytes were 20% higher than adipocytes in the adhesion force, stiffness and Young's modulus. Therefore, AFM analysis of membrane changes related to adipocytes formation provided quantitative data in the nanometer level for further studying the formation mechanism of the adipocytes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Adipocytes , Cell Biology , Adipogenesis , Cell Differentiation , Physiology , Cells, Cultured , Microscopy, Atomic Force , SwineABSTRACT
The lower expression of CD20 antigen molecules on the B cell membrane is the primary characteristic of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In this paper, we combined laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and quantum dots labeling to detect the expression and distribution of CD20 molecules on CD20+B lymphocyte surface. Simultaneously, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the B lymphocytes that belonged to the normal persons and B-CLL patients through utilizing the atomic force microscope (AFM). In addition, we measured the force spectroscopy of CD20 antigen-antibody binding using the AFM tips modified with CD20 antibody. The fluorescent images indicated that the density of CD20 of normal CD20+B lymphocytes was much higher than that of B-CLL CD20+B cells. The AFM data show that ultrastructure of B-CLL CD20+B lymphocytes became more complicated. Moreover, the single molecular force spectroscopy data show that the special force of CD20 antigen-antibody was four times bigger than the nonspecific force between the naked AFM tip and cell surface. The force map showed that CD20 molecules distributed homogeneously on the normal CD20+B lymphocytes, whereas, the CD20 molecules distributed heterogenous on B-CLL CD20+B lymphocytes. Our data provide visualized evidence for the phenomenon of low-response to rituximab therapy on clinical. Meanwhile, AFM is possible to be a powerful tool for development and screening of drugs for pharmacology use.