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Objective To investigate the correlations of serum cystatin C levels,cystatin C gene + 148 and + 73 polymorphism and metabolic syndrome (MS) of Chinese Zhuang and Han population in Guangxi region.Methods A hundred MS patients and healthy individuals for each group of Zhuang and Han population were selected in this study.Serum cystatin C levels were determined by immunoturbidimetric assay.Gene polymorphism of CysC + 148 and + 73 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).The correlations between serum CysC level,CysC gene polymorphism and MS in Zhuang and Han population were analized.Results There were significant differences of serum CysC levels between the two MS groups and healthy controls group (all P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference of the genotype frequencies of CysC + 73 and CysC + 148 in the four groups was observed (x2 =3.139,P =0.791;x2 =4.841,P =0.564).The serum Cys C levels of CysC + 73 GG genotype in both MS groups were lower than those of CysC + 73 AG and AA genotype with statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The serum Cys C levels in MS groups were correlated with serum creatinine levels (P ＜ 0.01) and CysC + 73 gene polymorphism (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The serum Cys C level of the MS patients in Zhuang and Han population may vary with the genotype of CysC + 73 genetic variant,and associate with serum creatinine level.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of cystatin C(Cys C) serum level and its gene polymorphism among Zhuang population with Metabolic Syndrome(MS) of Guangxi district.Methods The levels of serum Cys C in Zhuang MS patients,Han MS patients,Zhuang normal people and Han normal people(each of 100 cases)were detected by Immunoturbidimetric Assays.Cys C +148,Cys C+73 and Cys C-82 genotyping were conducted by using PCR-RFLP.Results The clinical data and serum Cys C levels of four groups were significantly different(P＜0.05),The clinical data and serum Cys C levels of two CHD groups were significantly different from those in the two normal groups(P＜0.05);(2) There was a positive correlation between Cys C levels and creatinine(Cr) level in peripheral blood(r=0.551,P=0.000);(3) There was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of Cys C+73,Cys C+ 148 and Cys C-82 in 4 groups(x2 =3.139,0.791;x2 =4.841,P=0.564;x2 =3.207,P=0.782);(4)Cys C level in MS patients of Cys C+73 GG genotype was significantly lower than that of AG and AA genotype,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).But there was no significant difference in Cys C level between AG type and AA type.Conclusion The high level of Cys C caused by impaired renal function may be a risk factor for MS patients in Zhuang and Han population in Guangxi.Cys C+73 locus gene polymorphism and the relationship between MS patients in Guangxi Zhuang population need further study.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of cystatin C(Cys C) serum level and its gene polymorphism among Zhuang population with Metabolic Syndrome(MS) of Guangxi district.Methods The levels of serum Cys C in Zhuang MS patients,Han MS patients,Zhuang normal people and Han normal people(each of 100 cases)were detected by Immunoturbidimetric Assays.Cys C +148,Cys C+73 and Cys C-82 genotyping were conducted by using PCR-RFLP.Results The clinical data and serum Cys C levels of four groups were significantly different(P＜0.05),The clinical data and serum Cys C levels of two CHD groups were significantly different from those in the two normal groups(P＜0.05);(2) There was a positive correlation between Cys C levels and creatinine(Cr) level in peripheral blood(r=0.551,P=0.000);(3) There was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of Cys C+73,Cys C+ 148 and Cys C-82 in 4 groups(x2 =3.139,0.791;x2 =4.841,P=0.564;x2 =3.207,P=0.782);(4)Cys C level in MS patients of Cys C+73 GG genotype was significantly lower than that of AG and AA genotype,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).But there was no significant difference in Cys C level between AG type and AA type.Conclusion The high level of Cys C caused by impaired renal function may be a risk factor for MS patients in Zhuang and Han population in Guangxi.Cys C+73 locus gene polymorphism and the relationship between MS patients in Guangxi Zhuang population need further study.
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Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly lethal primary brain tumors. Despite current therapeutic advances in other solid cancers, the treatment of these malignant gliomas remains essentially palliative. GBMs are extremely resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapies. We and others have demonstrated that a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of cancer cells called GBM stem cells (GSCs) promotes therapeutic resistance. We also found that GSCs stimulate tumor angiogenesis by expressing elevated levels of VEGF and contribute to tumor growth, which has been translated into a useful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of recurrent or progressive GBMs. Furthermore, stem cell-like cancer cells (cancer stem cells) have been shown to promote metastasis. Although GBMs rarely metastasize beyond the central nervous system, these highly infiltrative cancers often invade into normal brain tissues preventing surgical resection, and GSCs display an aggressive invasive phenotype. These studies suggest that targeting GSCs may effectively reduce tumor recurrence and significantly improve GBM treatment. Recent studies indicate that cancer stem cells share core signaling pathways with normal somatic or embryonic stem cells, but also display critical distinctions that provide important clues into useful therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current understanding and advances in glioma stem cell research, and discuss potential targeting strategies for future development of anti-GSC therapies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor , Metabolism , Brain Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Therapeutics , Cell Differentiation , Cell Hypoxia , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Gene Expression Regulation , Glioblastoma , Metabolism , Pathology , Therapeutics , MicroRNAs , Physiology , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Metabolism , Pathology , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Radiation Tolerance , Signal Transduction , Transcription Factors , MetabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Reduced cortico-subcortical regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndromes(AIDS) was found. However, the changes of rCBF in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome still remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of rCBF in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome by using 99Tcm-ECD cerebral single photon emission computerized tomography(SPECT) in order to provide imaging evidence for primary rehabilitative prevention, early intervention and occurrence of dementia in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome.DESIGN: Observational comparative study based on AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome and healthy people as the controls.SETTING: Nuclear medical department in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Four Chinese(Cantonese) male AIDS patients, between 31 and 36 years old(mean age of 34) without chronic brain syndrome, were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from February to July 1999. Sixteen healthy males, with an age from 21 to 48 years(mean 37 years), were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University as the control group from February 1999 to June 2000.METHODS: 99Tcm-L, L-ethlcysteinate dimmer (99Tcm-ECD) brain SPECT imaging was performed on AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome and healthy controls. Image data were acquired with two-head SPECT. The rCBF was calculated with a semi-quantitative processing software. And the changes of rCBF were compared between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of the semi-quantitative processing results of rCBF between the two groups.RESULTS: The rCBF in the right and left frontal, vertex, temporal lobe,basal ganglia, thalamus, gyrus rectus and pons were decreased significantly in the four AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome than those of the normal control group( t =3.53 -9.37, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Reduced cortico-subcortical rCBF in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome is observed with SPECT, and this provides imaging evidence for early intervention and the occurrence of dementia in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome.
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AIM: To observe tumor-seeking specificity of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin in human hepatoma bearing nude mice METHODS: The in vivo tissue distribution and inhibition studies of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin in human hepatoma bearing nude mice were performed RESULTS: In the tissue distribution study, a significant accumulation of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin was observed in the tumor site of nude mice The tumor/blood and tumor/muscle radioactive ratio gradually increased with lengthening time following injection of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin The inhibition ratio in the tumor tissue of nude mice in the inhibition study was 35 0% CONCLUSION: There is a specific uptake of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin through receptor-mediated process in the hepatoma tissue of nude mice [
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AIM: To investigate the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in AIDS patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex(ADC). METHODS: 99m Tc-ECD brain SPECT imaging was performed in 4 AIDS patients without ADC and 16 sex and age-matched normal controls. The rCBF percentage compared to the cerebellum were calculated using a semi-quantitative processing software.RESULTS: The rCBF in the right and left frontal, temporal, porietal lobe, basal ganglia and thalamus, cyrus rectus and pons were decreased significantly in AIDS patients without ADC than those of the control subjects ( P