ABSTRACT
Background Civil aviation pilots are actual operators of civil aircraft. Their job operations are directly associated with passenger safety and flight safety. Unsafe aviation operations are related to fatigue caused by poor sleep quality. Recently, with the promotion of China's air transportation business, irregular working hours of civil aviation pilots rise gradually. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on the influence of working conditions on sleep quality in this group. Objective To explore potential impact factors of sleep quality among civil aviation pilots, for the purposes of improving sleep quality and health level of this group and ensuring aviation flight safety by formulating health management suggestions in a targeted manner. Methods All pilots of an aviation company were approached when they visited the Shanghai Hospital of Civil Aviation Administration of China for their health examinations. After informed consent, an online questionnaire survey was conducted. Self-made questionnaires were used to collect information on general conditions, lifestyle, and subjective work stress levels. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. A total of 1204 valid questionnaires were recovered. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software. Results There were 410 pilots (16.8%) who reported sleep disorders, including insufficient sleep time, difficulty falling asleep, and poor sleep quality, and 894 pilots (74.3%) who reported moderate to severe work stress. Associations were identified between sleep quality of pilots and work stress or lifestyle indicators (P<0.05), while work stress showed the strongest association (r=0.28). Further multiple-factor analysis results showed that severe work stress (OR=4.25, 95%CI: 2.89, 6.30) and alcohol use (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.31, 2.27) associated with an increased risk of sleep disorders. Regular breakfast (OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.91) and physical exercise (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.45, 1.03) associated with a lower risk of sleep disorders. Conclusion A certain degree of sleep disturbance is reported in the civil aviation pilot group, which is closely related to work stress and lifestyle indicators. Targeted measures must be taken to effectively improve the quality of their sleep.
ABSTRACT
Background At present, domestic research on job burnout and health-related productivity is limited to medical workers, and the impact of job burnout on health-related productivity of enterprise staff deserves attention. Objective To explore the association between job burnout and health-related productivity loss among enterprise staff. Methods A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted among enterprise staff who were selected from seven enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai. The Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to assess job burnout, and a questionnaire based on and modified from the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire was used to assess the loss of health-related productivity. Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of job burnout on health-related productivity under the control of selected demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors, and occupational factors. Results A total of 3489 questionnaires were recovered, and 3156 valid questionnaires were included in the statistical analysis. Among the 3156 valid questionnaires, 2228 (70.8%) respondents were assessed as suffering from job burnout, in which 1858 (59.0%) were mild to moderate job burnout, and 370 (11.7%) were severe job burnout; the median score (interquartile range) of MBI-GS was 2.18（2.69）, the median rates (interquartile range) of absenteeism and presenteeism were 0.00% (0.00%) and 20.00% (50.00%), respectively. The prevalence of presenteeism significantly varied by gender, education, marital status, working years, job category, exhaustion, cynicism, professional efficacy, and job burnout (P<0.05). The prevalence of absenteeism significantly varied by education, marital status, working years, job category, exhaustion, cynicism, professional efficacy, and job burnout (P<0.05). Job burnout was positively correlated with absenteeism (r=0.157) and presenteeism (r=0.412) (P<0.01). After controlling for selected demographic characteristics, social economic factors, and occupational factors, the logistic regression showed that job burnout was associated with health-related productivity loss, the OR value remained relatively stable, and referring to negative job burnout, the OR (95%CI) of severe job burnout was 6.35 (4.52-8.92). Conclusion Job burnout of enterprise staff has a negative impact on health-related productivity. Severer job burnout associates with higher health-related productivity loss. Enterprises should pay attention to the prevention and control of job burnout to reduce health-related productivity loss.
ABSTRACT
Background Job burnout is an early mental health condition caused by job stress and contributes to many negative effects on work and life. Employees of research and development (R&D) enterprises are exposed to constant pressure from innovation, production speed and sales expansion, and they are prone to burnout symptoms if such factors are not under effective control. Objective To evaluate the current situation of job burnout among employees of R&D enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai and explore its influencing factors. Methods During November to December 2021, a cross-sectional study was developed and a convenient sampling method was used to enroll employees from 7 R&D enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai. On the basis of voluntary participation with informed consent, a survey was conducted by using a self-made questionnaire (collecting data about general demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, behavior and lifestyle), the Chinese version of the Concise Occupational Stress Questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Occupational stress and its dimensions (job demand, job control, and social support) were divided into high, medium, and low levels according to tertiles. The positive rate of job burnout was reported according to score categorization (<1.5 refers to no job burnout, ≥1.5 refers to job burnout, where ≥1.5 and <3.5 refer to mild and moderate job burnout, and ≥3.5 refers to severe job burnout). Potential influencing factors of job burnout were evaluated by using one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, forward stepwise regression, and non-conditional binary logistic regression (α=0.05, two-sided test). Results A total of 3153 subjects were enrolled and 3014 samples were included in the analysis, with a valid response rate of 95.6%. Among the included subjects, 888 (29.46%) reported no job burnout, 1775 (58.89%) reported mild to moderate job burnout, and 351 (11.64%) reported severe job burnout. The mean of total job burnout score was 2.17±1.12, and the dimentional mean scores were 2.78±1.61 for emotional exhaustion, 1.60±1.60 for cynicism, and 4.05±1.57 for diminished personal accomplishment. Varied categories of sex, age, marital status, working position, sleep status, job demand, job control, and social support groups of workers resulted in significant differences in job burnout score. Compared with the low job demand group, the positive rate of job burnout was elevated in the medium and high job demand groups; the risk of job burnout in the medium job demand group was 1.42 (95%CI: 1.04-1.94) times higher, and that in the high job demand group was 2.64 (95% CI : 2.17-3.22) times higher versus the low job demand group. The risk of job burnout in the medium job control group was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.06-1.72) times higher versus the low job control group. Compared with the low social support group, job burnout was less reported in the other groups, and the OR (95%CI) values of the medium and high social support groups were 0.41 (0.31-0.53) and 0.15 (0.12-0.19) respectively. Conclusion The rate of reporting positive job burnout in R&D enterprises is high, which deserves sufficient attention. Relieving work pressure, increasing job control and social support, and maintaining adequate sleep are helpful to reduce job burnout.
ABSTRACT
Background The community is the main place for people's daily activities. A livable environment will improve the subjective well-being of residents. Objective To understand the current status of subjective well-being of residents in Pudong, Shanghai, and explore the impact of community environmental factors on residents' subjective well-being. Methods Using quota sampling, 6000 permanent residents from 12 sub-districts or towns in Pudong, Shanghai were selected to participate in an questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included three parts: participants' basic information, community environmental factors (neighborhood aesthetics, fitness environment, public service and security, natural environment), and subjective well-being. Using a multiple regression model, the influence of community environmental factors on the subjective well-being of residents was analyzed. Results A total of 5887 questionnaires were recovered, and the valid recovery rate was 98.1%. The subjective well-being score of the survey respondents was (7.03±1.61) points. There was no statistical difference in the subjective well-being score of study subjects of different gender and marital status groups; while those with different ages, education levels, occupations, and self-evaluated economic status showed statistical differences in their subjective well-being score (P<0.05). The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that after controlling general demographic characteristics, with the low level as the control group (according predetermined cut-off values of 33.3% and 66.7%, the community environmental factors were divided into high-, medium-, and low-level groups), the OR values of subjective well-being of the high- and medium-level neighborhood aesthetics groups were 1.393 (95%CI: 1.173-1.654) and 1.235 (95%CI: 1.080-1.412); the OR values of the high- and medium-level fitness environment groups were 2.297 (95%CI: 1.929-2.734) and 1.349 (95%CI: 1.166-1.560); the OR values of the high- and medium-level public service and security groups were 1.101 (95%CI: 0.943-1.285) and 1.039 (95%CI: 0.905-1.193); the OR values of the high- and medium-level natural environment groups were 4.248 (95%CI: 3.321-5.434) and 1.652 (95%CI: 1.374-1.986), respectively. Conclusion Community environment factors could affect residents' subjective well-being, and good neighborhood aesthetics, fitness environment, natural environment have positive effects.
ABSTRACT
Background Long working hours (LWH) and shift work are harmful to the physical and mental health of occupational groups. Objective To understand the status quo of LWH and shift work of migrant workers in Shanghai, and to analyze the influence of the above two factors on sleep of the population. Methods From July to September 2018, a cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was conducted among 3215 in-service employees at seven workplaces with more than 300 employees in six selected districts of Shanghai using multi-stage random sampling method. A total of 2976 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 92.6%. The questionnaires included general demographic characteristics, personal health behavior, work-related factors, weekly working hours, shift work, and sleep. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships of LWH and shift work with sleep, and an interaction item was included to evaluate potential interaction between LWH and shift work. Result The average age of the subjects was (30.98±9.49) years old, the male to female ratio was 1∶1.20, and 2382 workers were reported without local residency (80.0%). Among the migrant workers, the average weekly working hours was (57.23±13.14) h, the proportions of LWH (weekly working hours>40 h), extra LWH (weekly working hours>55 h), and shift work were 80.6% (1919/2382), 60.3% (1436/2382), and 25.4% (600/2366), respectively, all above were significantly higher than those of local workers. The prevalence rates of insomnia and lack of sleep among the migrant workers were 46.3% (1091/2356) and 25.4% (597/2354), respectively. The results of logistic regression model showed that after adjusting demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level, and monthly income, as well as occupation and personal health behavior, compared with working hours ≤40 h per week, working 55-60 h per week was a risk factor for insomnia of migrant workers (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.72), while working >60 h per week was a risk factor for both insomnia (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.05-1.78) and insufficient sleep (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.28-2.35) of migrant workers. Shift work was only associated with insomnia (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11-1.69). Meanwhile, working hours>60 h per week and shift work had an interaction effect on insomnia of migrant workers (OR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.20-4.60). Conclusion LWH and shift work are prominent among migrant workers, and there is an interaction between LWH and shift work with insomnia.