Mechanism of Zhizi Prescription in Protection of CCl4-induced Acute and Subacute Liver Injury in Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Zhizi prescription （ZZP） on carbon tetrachloride （CCl4）-induced acute and subacute liver injury and its mechanism. MethodAcute and subacute liver injury animal models were induced. C57 mice were randomly divided into a normal group， model group， obeccholic acid group， ZZP high-dose （0.5 g·kg-1） group， and ZZP low-dose （0.25 g·kg-1） group. According to the experiment design， the serum and liver tissue of mice were collected after the last administration. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Sirius staining was used to observe the liver pathological changes. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bilirubin （TBIL）， liver homogenate hydroxyproline （Hyp）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels were determined by kit. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the liver tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expressions of collagen 1A1 （Col1a1）， collagen 3A1 （Col3a1）， fibronectin （FN）， transforming growth factor β receptor Ⅱ （Tgfbr2） and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in the liver tissue. ResultIn terms of the acute liver injury， as compared with the normal group， the levels of ALT， AST， TBIL and MDA in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the activity of liver SOD was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the ZZP high-dose and low-dose groups both significantly reduced the degree of liver cell injury， and protected the acute liver injury induced by CCl4. The ZZP high-dose group had a better effect than the ZZP low-dose group. In terms of the subacute liver injury， the levels of ALT， AST， MDA，TNF-α and IL-6 in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the activity of liver SOD was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， liver Hyp content in the ZZP high-dose and low-dose groups was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the collagen deposition in liver of both groups was significantly reduced. The ZZP high-dose group also significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of α-SMA， Col1a1， Col3a1， FN， and Tgfbr2 in the liver of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionZZP effectively protects the acute and subacute liver injury induced by CCl4， and the protective effect is proportional to its concentration. The mechanism may be related to the increase of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver tissue， the decrease of the level of lipid peroxidation， and the inhibition of inflammatory response， thus reducing collagen deposition and improving early liver fibrosis.

Mechanism of Zhizi Prescription in Protection of CCl4-induced Acute and Subacute Liver Injury in Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Zhizi prescription （ZZP） on carbon tetrachloride （CCl4）-induced acute and subacute liver injury and its mechanism. MethodAcute and subacute liver injury animal models were induced. C57 mice were randomly divided into a normal group， model group， obeccholic acid group， ZZP high-dose （0.5 g·kg-1） group， and ZZP low-dose （0.25 g·kg-1） group. According to the experiment design， the serum and liver tissue of mice were collected after the last administration. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Sirius staining was used to observe the liver pathological changes. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bilirubin （TBIL）， liver homogenate hydroxyproline （Hyp）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels were determined by kit. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the liver tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expressions of collagen 1A1 （Col1a1）， collagen 3A1 （Col3a1）， fibronectin （FN）， transforming growth factor β receptor Ⅱ （Tgfbr2） and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in the liver tissue. ResultIn terms of the acute liver injury， as compared with the normal group， the levels of ALT， AST， TBIL and MDA in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the activity of liver SOD was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the ZZP high-dose and low-dose groups both significantly reduced the degree of liver cell injury， and protected the acute liver injury induced by CCl4. The ZZP high-dose group had a better effect than the ZZP low-dose group. In terms of the subacute liver injury， the levels of ALT， AST， MDA，TNF-α and IL-6 in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the activity of liver SOD was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， liver Hyp content in the ZZP high-dose and low-dose groups was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the collagen deposition in liver of both groups was significantly reduced. The ZZP high-dose group also significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of α-SMA， Col1a1， Col3a1， FN， and Tgfbr2 in the liver of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionZZP effectively protects the acute and subacute liver injury induced by CCl4， and the protective effect is proportional to its concentration. The mechanism may be related to the increase of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver tissue， the decrease of the level of lipid peroxidation， and the inhibition of inflammatory response， thus reducing collagen deposition and improving early liver fibrosis.

Development of a first-class undergraduate major in bioengineering facing the emerging engineering direction of biomedicine / 生物工程学报

In the "Tutorial for outline of the healthy China 2030 plan", biomedicine was listed as a key planning and development area. Shanghai government also lists biomedicine as an emerging pillar industry. The rapid development of biomedicine industry put higher requirement for talents. Taking the idea of cross integration, mutually beneficial development, inheritance and innovation, the School of Biotechnology of East China University of Science and Technology organically integrates bioengineering and pharmaceutical majors to develop a new undergraduate engineering program of biomedicine, which specially reforms the talent training practice from the aspects of developing a "trinity teaching" standard system, a "three integration, three convergence" curriculum system, and a "three comprehensive education" innovative talent training system. We put forward the trinity of "value guidance, knowledge system, technology and non-technical core competence literacy" to foster emerging biomedicine engineering talents, and developed a comprehensive innovative talents training mode featured by "covering class-in and class-out, covering every student, and covering ideology and curriculum". Moreover, we established effective connections between courses and training goals, between general education courses and professional courses, and between top-notch talent training systems and training programs. Based on the achievements of teaching reform of the emerging engineering program "intelligent bio-manufacturing", the experience we obtained may provide ideas for development of the first-class bioengineering major in China.

Exploration of an integrated competency development model for undergraduates training by participating the international Genetic Engineering Machine Competition / 生物工程学报

Starting from participating the high-level professional competition, our school has built a talent training system with the spirit of "biomaker" and an innovative practical ability training system. Such system takes the interest of student as the starting point, and relies on the strong scientific research and teaching infrastructure. The programme gives full play to students' initiatives and enhances the scientific research literacy and comprehensive ability of undergraduates majoring in biotechnology. It is an effective exploration of the traditional university education model and meets the urgent demand for innovative talents training in the era of rapid development of life sciences.

Health-related quality of life and its relative factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during maintenance treatment period / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the health-related quality of life and its relative factors in children with leukemia during maintenance treatment period. Therefore, the basis for effective individualization intervention can be provided. Methods A total of 224 leukemia children in maintenance treatment were collected in Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from October 2015 to January 2016 by convenience sampling methods, questionnaire was used to assess the physical status, emotional status, social status, school status of the children. Results Single factor and generalized linear regression analysis were used to conclude that patient′s age (F=5.841-36.343, all P<0.01), parenting pattern (F=4.006-4.288, all P<0.05), family economic status (F=3.277-15.865, P<0.05 or 0.01) and the caregivers′information mastery level household location (F=2.044-2.661, P<0.05 or 0.01) had significant influence on the quality of life of children with leukemia in maintenance treatment. Conclusions The health-related quality of life and its relative factors in children with leukemia during maintenance treatment period should be analysis comprehensively. At the same time, take intervention should be taken from physiology, psychology, society, and school, to improve the social adaptability of children with leukemia and help them return to society as soon as possible.