META analysis of mobile bearing and fixed bearing unicondyle replacement for medial knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate of the clinical effects of mobile-bearing(MB) and fixed-bearing(FB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis by Meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#The literature on FB UKA and MB UKA in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, Cochrane and EMBASE database were searched by computer from January 2000 to April 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two authors were selected independently and the selected literature was evaluated for quality.After literature data were extracted, Review Manager 5.3 software was used to analyze knee function score, postoperative activity, revision rate, polyethylene wear rate, pad dislocation, aseptic loosening, postoperative pain, knee arthritis progression, mechanical shaft alignment of lower limbs, and imaging clarity line respectively.@*RESULTS@#A total of 13 literatures were included in this meta-analysis, including 2 randomized controlled studies and 11 cohort studies. A total of 1 871 patients were included, including 913 in FB UKA group and 958 in MB UKA group. Meta analysis results showed that:postoperative knee joint function score[MD=-0.84, 95%CI(-1.46, -0.21), P=0.008] and postoperative knee joint range of motion [MD=-1.51, 95%CI(-2.84, -0.18), P=0.03] in FB UKA group were better than those in MB UKA group. Compared with FB UKA group, MB UKA group had a higher lower limb mechanical axis alignment rate[OR=2.08, 95%CI(1.27, 3.39), P=0.003], and the wear rate of polyethylene [OR=0.11, 95%CI(0.01, 0.91), P=0.04] was lower. There were no differences between two groups in the renovation rate [OR=1.16, 95%CI(0.75, 1.80), P=0.50), liner dislocation rate[OR=3.78, 95%CI(0.93, 15.29), P=0.06], aseptic loosening [OR=2.11, 95%CI(0.81, 5.51), P=0.13], postoperative pain[OR=1.13, 95%CI(0.37, 3.43), P=0.83], osteoarthritis progression[OR=1.28, 95%CI(0.67, 2.47), P=0.46)and imaging radiolucent line[OR=1.62, 95%CI(0.09, 30.22), P=0.75].@*CONCLUSION@#FB UKA has a higher postoperative functional score and range of motion.MB UKA has more advantages in the correction of lower limb mechanical axis, and the wear rate of polyethylene is also lower. There was no significant difference between the two groups in revision rate, dislocation of the liner, aseptic loosening, postoperative pain, progression of osteoarthritis, and postoperative translucency.

Dynamics of parenting styles of adolescent students from the perspective of intergenerational conflict / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore dynamics of parenting styles of adolescents from 1999 to 2019 from the perspective of intergenerational conflict, to provide support for family education and adolescent healthy development.@*Methods@#Using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method, the unified questionnaire was administered to 2 590 students in the same sampling junior and senior high schools in 1999, 2009, and 2019 using the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran own memories of parental rearing practices in childhood(EMBU).@*Results@#Overall there were differences in the nine factors of parenting styles across generations ( F = 12.07-72.52, P <0.01), with decreasing ratings of warmth and understanding of father and mother (F1, M1), over interference of father (F3) over generations(F1:46.72±9.41, 45.87±11.33, 43.61±11.27; M1:51.56±9.38, 51.03±11.59, 46.23± 12.27 ; F3:19.03±4.00, 18.29±4.32, 17.95±4.51), and all other parenting styles rated higher in 2019 than in 2009 and 1999(except for the over protection and over interference of mother, and punishment, firm control of mother). Parenting styles across generations (except for the rejection and denial of father among girls) showed gender difference.The overall gender trend coincided with the total population trend. Parenting styles across generations varied significantly among middle and high school students( F =3.92-47.27, P <0.05 ), changes in F1 and F3 factors coincided with the overall decreasing trend. Factor analysis showed that parenting styles could be classified into two dimensions, with varied factor loading across generation.@*Conclusion@#Intergenerational decreases in parental emotional warmth and paternal interfering are observed in a sex and grade specific manner. Based on the diversity of needs and population differentiation, optimal intervention for comprehensive health development of adolescents are in great need to keep pace with the times and promoting the high quality development of adolescents.

Construction of China Occupational Skills Standard of Assistive Technology Consultants / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore national standard of occupational skills for assistive technology consultants in China based on the study of relevant international standards. Methods:After analyzing the international and some other national job content, work requirements, professional education and vocational training, and vocational standards of assistive technology consultants, the national occupational skills standard for assistive technology consultants in China was established referring to the compiling rules of national occupational skills standard. Results:According to the compiling rules of national occupational skills standard, the national occupational skills standard for assistive technology consultants in China included career situation, basic requirements, job requirements, and weight table, etc. Conclusion:The vocational development, structural framework and content of professional capacity for assistive technology consultants are studied. The draft of national occupational skills standard for rehabilitation assistive technology consultants has been compiled.

In Silico Screening of Potential Spike Glycoprotein Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 with Drug Repurposing Strategy / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To select potential molecules that can target viral spike proteins, which may potentially interrupt the interaction between the human angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and viral spike protein by virtual screening.@*METHODS@#The three-dimensional (3D)-coordinate file of the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 complex for searching a suitable docking pocket was firstly downloaded and prepared. Secondly, approximately 15,000 molecular candidates were prepared, including US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs from DrugBank and natural compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), for the docking process. Then, virtual screening was performed and the binding energy in Autodock Vina was calculated. Finally, the top 20 molecules with high binding energy and their Chinese medicine (CM) herb sources were listed in this paper.@*RESULTS@#It was found that digitoxin, a cardiac glycoside in DrugBank and bisindigotin in TCMSP had the highest docking scores. Interestingly, two of the CM herbs containing the natural compounds that had relatively high binding scores, Forsythiae fructus and Isatidis radix, are components of Lianhua Qingwen (), a CM formula reportedly exerting activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Cov-2. Moreover, raltegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor, was found to have a relatively high binding score.@*CONCLUSIONS@#A class of compounds, which are from FDA-approved drugs and CM natural compounds, that had high binding energy with RBD of the viral spike protein. Our work provides potential candidates for other researchers to identify inhibitors to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, and highlights the importance of CM and integrative application of CM and Western medicine on treating COVID-19.

In Silico Screening of Potential Spike Glycoprotein Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 with Drug Repurposing Strategy / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To select potential molecules that can target viral spike proteins, which may potentially interrupt the interaction between the human angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and viral spike protein by virtual screening.@*METHODS@#The three-dimensional (3D)-coordinate file of the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 complex for searching a suitable docking pocket was firstly downloaded and prepared. Secondly, approximately 15,000 molecular candidates were prepared, including US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs from DrugBank and natural compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), for the docking process. Then, virtual screening was performed and the binding energy in Autodock Vina was calculated. Finally, the top 20 molecules with high binding energy and their Chinese medicine (CM) herb sources were listed in this paper.@*RESULTS@#It was found that digitoxin, a cardiac glycoside in DrugBank and bisindigotin in TCMSP had the highest docking scores. Interestingly, two of the CM herbs containing the natural compounds that had relatively high binding scores, Forsythiae fructus and Isatidis radix, are components of Lianhua Qingwen (), a CM formula reportedly exerting activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Cov-2. Moreover, raltegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor, was found to have a relatively high binding score.@*CONCLUSIONS@#A class of compounds, which are from FDA-approved drugs and CM natural compounds, that had high binding energy with RBD of the viral spike protein. Our work provides potential candidates for other researchers to identify inhibitors to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, and highlights the importance of CM and integrative application of CM and Western medicine on treating COVID-19.

Construction of Assistive Products Service System Using Internet Plus and Artificial Intelligence / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To establish an Internet Plus intelligent assessment and assistive technology service system. Methods:Based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, we used new-generation information technology to establish a system for assessment and assistive technology service, and analyze the path of achieving Internet Plus and intelligence from the elements of the National Health Coverage Health Service System. Results:The architecture of assessment and assistive technology service system was proposed. Conclusion:A new kind architecture of assessment and assistive technology service system was established by using new-generation information technology.

Effect of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡinhibitor KN-93 on late sodium current in rabbits model of heart failure / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the change of late sodium current (INaL) and the effect of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ (CaMKⅡ) inhibitor KN-93 on INaLin the cardiomyocytes after isoproterenol-induced heart fai-lure (HF) in rabbits. METHODS:The rabbit model of HF was induced by injecting isoproterenol (300 μg·kg-1· d-1) for 15 d. One month later, all rabbits received by echocardiography and HE staining to observe the morphological changes of myocardium for evaluating the HF model. The protein expression of NaV1.5, CaMKⅡδ and phosphorylated CaMKⅡδ was determined by Western blot. The ventricular myocytes were isolated from the rabbits of normal saline(NS) group and HF group by Langendorff perfusion, and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record INaL. RE-SULTS:Compared with NS group,the heart rate in HF group was increased (P<0.01), the ventricular cavity was en-larged (P<0.05),and the cardiac function was decreased(P<0.01). Compared with NS group,the cardiomyocytes in HF group arranged in disorder, vacuolar degeneration and myocardial interstitial edema were observed, and fibrous tissue increased. The protein levels of NaV1.5,CaMKⅡδ and phosphorylated CaMKⅡδ in HF group were higher than those in NS group(P<0.01). INaLin HF group significantly increased compared with NS group (P<0.01). After adding sea anemone toxin Ⅱ (ATXⅡ), the density of INaLin HF group and NS group was significantly increased, but that in HF group increased more obviously than that in NS group (P<0.01). After ATXⅡ had induced stable current, we added KN-93 into NS group and HF group,and we found that the ATXⅡ-increased INaLin NS group and HF group was signifi-cantly decreased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:CaMKⅡinhibitor KN-93 inhibits the increase in INaLin HF rabbits,which may be related to the activity of CaMKⅡδ and the regulation of CaMKⅡ δ on INaL.

Neovascularization aggravated hepatic fibrosis in combined hypoxia NASH rat model / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To optimize the construction of combined hypoxia NASH rat model on the basis of preliminary work, and to explore the role of neovascularization in the process of hepatic fibrosis.@*Methods@#32 rats were divided randomly to four groups that were null control group(A group ), hypoxia group(B group), high fat diet group(C group ) and high fat diet plus hypoxia group (D group ),treated with null , Intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2, high fat diet and high fat diet plus Intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2 respectively. Every group was observed for 16 weeks, B and D group was treated with Intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2 20 mg/kg.d at the laster 8 weeks. Liver histology NASH activity score(NAS) and Fibro score(FibroS), biochemical index were detected in this combined hypoxia NASH rat model(D group), meanwhile the changes of HIF1α, inflammatory factor and neovascularization were measured by ELISA, realtime PCR and immunohistochemistry.@*Results@#Liver tissue NAS > 4 was seen in C and D group. D group showed NASH characteristics, including significantly steatosis at liver acinar 3 area(mostly a microvesicular type fat droplets mixed with macrovesicular type), hepatocyte balloon degeneration, obvious lobular inflammation, while fibrosis score increased significantly, including visible hepatic sinusoid fibrosis, fibrosis around portal vein, and bridging fibrosis in a considerable portion of the rats. Compared with C group, biochemical indicators of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), HIF1α, neovascularization-related VEGFA, VEGFR2 mRNA level increased obviously and the expression of immunohistochemistry VEGFR2, CD34 enhanced markedly in D group(p < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#A combined hypoxia NASH rat model can be established throught feeding 16 weeks’ high-fat diet then intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2 20 mg / kg.d at the laster 8 weeks, meanwhile chronic hypoxia can accelerate this combined hypoxia NASH model liver fibrosis process. In this process neovascularization promoted the formation of hepatic fibrosis in this model.

A study on the epidemic characteristics of HIV/AIDS by different route of transmission in Huzhou City / 预防医学

Objective The aim of this study is to explore epidemic characteristics of HIV/AIDS by different route of transmission during 2011—2014 in Huzhou City,then to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HIV. Methods The epidemiological case data of HIV/AIDS from 2011 to 2014 were collected in Huzhou City by China information system for disease control and prevention.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis.Results A total of 436 cases with HIV/AIDS were reported during 2011—2014 in Huzhou City,and the number of HIV/AIDS reports increased year by year.The main route of transmission include heterosexual contact,which was accounted for 56.65%.MSM transmission was accounted for 38.53%,and injection drug transmission was accounted for 3.90%.Mother to child transmission was 1 case and blood transfusion /blood products transmission were 3 cases,which accounting for 0.92%.The constituent ratio of injecting drug patients,mother to child transmission or blood transfusion /blood products patients presented declining trend (P <0.05).Patients who were infected through heterosexual contact mainly were 30 to <60 years of age (68.83%),junior middle school or below education level (80.97%),married (61.94%).Patients who were infected through MSMmainly were 15 to <45 years of age (76.19%),high school or higher education (47.62%), unmarried (51.19%),household registration of Huzhou City (52.98%).Patients who were infected through injection <br> drug mainly were 30 to <45 years of age (70.59%),primary school or lower education level (82.35%),unmarried (47.06%),household registration of other province (94.12%).Most cases were detected HIV positive through clinical tests,which accounting for 51.15%.Most HIV /AIDS of MSM,heterosexual transmission and inject -drugs were distributed in Wu Xing District,which accounting for 67.26%,51.42% and 64.71%,respectively.51.15% HIV /AIDS were detected by clinical test.Conclusion The reported cases of HIV /AIDS were still mainly transmitted by heterosexual contact in recent years in Huzhou City,and the constituent ratio of MSMtransmission has increased slightly.

An analysis on the result of sentinel surveillance of AIDS among female sex workers in Huzhou City / 预防医学

Objective To learn the infection status of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)among female sex workers (FSWs)in Huzhou,and to learn the awareness rate of knowledge of AIDS, and to provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control measures.Methods According to the national AIDS surveillance standards,a questionnaire survey was conducted among FSWs and blood samples were collected to detect the antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),syphilis and hepatitis C virus.Results A total of 800 FSWs,with an average age (25. 5 ±5. 0 years old)were investigated,and the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 92. 0%.The positive rate of syphilis antibody was 2. 9%and the positive rate of hepatitis C antibody was 0. 2%.HIV antibody was tested negative.The persistent condom use rate among commercial sex workers was 57. 6% in the recent month.The awareness rate of AIDs related knowledge among FSWs with senior middle school education and above was 3. 51 times of those with primary school education and below.Conclusion The prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis C infection among FSWs were high in Huzhou.It is necessary to strengthen the health education among FSWs to improve the awareness of the knowledge,especially for those with low level education.And it is necessary to improve the accessibility of AIDs prevention service to reduce the spread of HIV.

Study of cognitive impairments caused by the white matter lesions in the frontal lobe in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To explore the pattern of cognitive impairments mainly caused by the white matter lesions(WML) in the frontal lobe in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD).Methods Fifty SIVD patients were divided into severe WML group (visual score >3, n=27) and mild WML group(visual score ≤3, n=23) according to their severities of the WML in frontal lobe .Seven patients without SIVD were collected as controls .All patients underwent a set of neuropsychological battery ,and the results were analyzed .Results There was no statistical significance among three groups on basic data .Compared with mild WML group and control group , non frontal white matter scores and numbers of lacunes in frontal lobe of severe WML group were significantly higher ( all P=0.000).Compared with mild WML group,the Montreal cognitive assessment scale in severe WML group were significantly lower ( P=0.047 ) , and scores related to the executive function were significantly lower ( P=0.006 ) , even after adjusting the numbers of lacunes in frontal lobe ,there was statistically significant difference (P=0.038). Multiple regression confirmed that the Z scores of executive functions were mainly affected by white matter lesions located in the frontal lobe ( P=0.000 ) .Conclusion WML located in the frontal lobe mainly affect the executive function in patients with SIVD .

Platelet derived growth factor inhibitors: a potential therapeutic approach for ocular neovascularization

Retinochoroidal vascular diseases are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. They include diabetic retinopathy [DR], retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration [AMD], and pathological myopia, among many others. Several different therapies are currently under consideration for the aforementioned disorders. In the following section, agents targeting platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF] are discussed as a potential therapeutic option for retinochoroidal vascular diseases. PDGF plays an important role in the angiogenesis cascade that is activated in retinochoroidal vascular diseases. The mechanism of action, side effects, efficacy, and the potential synergistic role of these agents in combination with other treatment options is discussed. The future of treatment of retinochoroidal vascular diseases, particularly AMD, has become more exciting due to agents such as PDGF antagonists

Fundus autofluorescence imaging: fundamentals and clinical relevance

Fundus autofluorescence [FAF], a relatively new imaging modality, focuses on the fluorescent properties of pigments in the retina to generate images that help us view various disease processes from a different perspective. It aids us in the understanding of the pathophysiology of different retinal disorders. Recently, FAF imaging is being used commonly to help us in the diagnosis, prognosis as well as in determining the treatment response of various retinal disorders. It generates an image based on the distribution pattern of a fluorescent pigment called lipofuscin. Knowing the distribution pattern of lipofuscin in the normal retina is key to understanding an FAF image representing a retinal pathology. Like most other imaging modalities, FAF comes with its own limitations, taking steps to overcome these limitations will be of utmost importance in using this imaging modality to its fullest potential

A study on genotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis by variable number tandem repeat analysis method / 预防医学

Objective To preliminarily evaluate the ability of 15 -loci variable number tandem repeats on the genotyping of clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis,and explore the suitable loci for genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Huzhou City.Methods From 201 1 January to 201 1 April,the clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis were selected from Huzhou area to test the polymorphism of every loci by using MLVA detection method and analyze hunter-gaston discriminatory index of individual locus as well as combinations of 15 locus.Results There were two locus of Mtub-21 and Mtub-39 which had better degree of polymorphism;seven locus of ETR-A,ETR-C,MIRU-10,MIRU-23,MIRU-27,MIRU-40 and Mtub-30 had moderate degree of polymorphism;six locus of ETR-B,ETR-D,ETR-E,MIRU-16,MIRU-26 and MIRU-39 had poor degree of polymorphism.By calculation,the result showed that HGDI was 0.99 by using 15 locus to genotype,which indicated the ability to distinguish the genotype was good.Conclusion We will continue to look for other rich VNTR polymorphism locus to fit the local region fast genotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis for higher resolution and cost effectiveness of mycobacterium tuberculosis control and prevention.

Value of bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in diagnosis and treatment of refractory pneumonia in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) in diagnosis and treatment of refractory pneumonia in children.Methods Three hundred and sixty-eight patients who failed to a 2 weeks,routine antibiotic therapy,hospitalized in Department of Respiration,Tianjin Children's Hospital from Aug.2010 to Dec.2011,were diagnosed as refractory pneumonia.They were examined with fiberoptic bronchoscopy,BALF was collected,and bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test in BALF were performed.Results One hundred and ninety-five stains of bacteria were identified from BALF of 181 cases.There were 10 (5.1％) gram-positive stains (7 Streptococcus pneumonia and 3 Staphylococcus aureus),48 stains (24.6％) were gram-negative bacterial,and the predominant were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23 stains,11.8 ％),followed by Serratia marcescens and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (6 stains respectively,3.1％).There were 1 Staphylococcus aureus with positive beta-lactamases and 1 Pseudomonas fluorescens with positive AmpC enzyme.There were 1 fungi (0.5％)and 136 parasitic bacteria stains(69.7％).Gram-positive stains were universally resistant to Erythromycin,Penicillin,Cefuroxime,and susceptible to Chloramphenicol,Levofloxacin,Vancomycin.Gram-negative stains were universally resistant to Ampicillin,Cefazolin,Cefuroxime,Cefotaxime,and susceptible to Amikacin,Cefepime,Cefoperazone sulbactam,Meropenem,Imipenem,Levofloxacin,Ceftazidime,Piperacillin.There were mixed infection in most children and the predominant pathogen was Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Conclusions Bacteria culture of BALF is relatively reliable and instructively recommended for the treatment of refractory pneumonia in children,meanwhile,it can help choose the antibiotics reasonably.

Molecular detection and genotyping of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 220 children hospitalized with pneumonia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the infection rate and genotypes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting MP in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 220 children hospitalized with CAP, and the accuracy was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Positive samples were digested with HaeⅡ and Hae Ⅲ and compared with standard strain to analyze the genotypes of MP from positive samples. The accuracy of genotyping was confirmed by sequencing the amplified products of some randomly selected positive samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of MP in 220 samples was 55.0% (121/220). MP infection occurred mostly in preschool and school-age children (63.5%, 101/159), and the lowest positive rate was seen in children aged under 6 months (20%, 1/5). The positive rate showed no significant differences between sexes and between seasons. Sixty randomly selected MP-positive samples showed a genotype of P1 type 1 after restriction digestion, which was further confirmed by sequencing of 4 samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MP is one of the main pathogens of pneumonia in children, and the MP infection rate is significantly correlated with age. The dominant genotype of MP in children is P1 type 1.</p>

Clinical application of flexible bronchoscopy and balloon dilatation in pediatric respiratory diseases under local anesthesia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the significance and safety of flexible bronchoscopy and balloon dilatation in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 438 children (236 males and 202 females) with respiratory diseases who were aged from 17 days to 15 years, were examined and/or treated by bronchoscopy (including bronchoscopic intervention) under local anesthesia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 438 children, 311 were diagnosed with pulmonary infection, 68 with atelectasis, 36 with recurrent cough and asthma, 6 with hemoptysis of unknown origin, 6 with bronchial foreign body, 5 with congenital bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 2 with bronchiectasis, 1 with ciliary dyskinesia syndrome, 1 with lung tumor, and 2 with congenital immunodeficiency disease. After bronchoscopic examination, local flushing or bronchoalveolar lavage, and foreign body extraction, marked response was seen in 379 cases and response was seen in 46 cases. High-pressure balloon dilatation under bronchoscopy was performed in 5 cases with inflammatory stricture and achieved satisfying clinical effect. No severe complications were found in bronchoscopy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bronchoscopy and balloon dilatation under local anesthesia is safe and effective for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.</p>

Evaluation of urine analysis by flow cytometry and strip test in diagnosing urinary tract infection / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of automated urine formed elements analyzer and/or urine dipstick analyzer for examination of urinary formed elements in screening urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods 148 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from the UTI patients and 284 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from non-UTI subjects were selected. Bacteria culture was performed for bacterial colony counting and identification. Bacteria counts ( BACT), yeast-like fungus and WBC were performed by UF-looOi automated urine formed elements analyzer. Leukocyte esterase test (LEU) and nitrite test (NIT) were performed by URISYS 2400 urine dipstick analyzer. We evaluated data obtained from urine dipstick analyzer, UF-1000i and combination of UF-1000i with urine dipstick analyzer and the results was compared with those obtained from quantitative bacterial culture. Then we evaluated the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Results Among the 148 patients with UTI, the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture was 73.6% (109/148), the positive rate of LEU and NIT detected by dipstick test 26. 4% (39/148).There was significantly statistical difference between bacterial culture and strip test(χ2 = 55.68 ,P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of urine flow cytometry by UF-1000i with either positive of BACT and WBC was 91.2%(135/148), which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. There was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 14. 70, P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of anyone positive among BACT, WBC, LEU and NIT was 94. 6% (140/148) when detected with combination of dipstick test and UF-1000i, which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. And there was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 20. 45, P < 0. 05 ). The sensitivity of dipstick test was low (26. 4% ,39/148 ), and specificity was high ( 99. 3%, 282/284 ) . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of BACT detected by UF-1000i in diagnosing urinary tract infection were 92. 6% ( 137/148 ), 39. 8% ( 113/284 ). 44. 5% ( 137/308 ) and 91.1% ( 113/124 ), respectively. If the dipstick test was combined with UF-1000i, the sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy were 98.0% ( 145/148 ), 97.1% ( 100/103 ). 35.2% (100/284) ,44. 1% (145/329) and 56. 7% (245/432), respectively. Conclusions The combination of urine dipstick test and automated urine formed elements analyzer UF-1000i plays an important role in early diagnosis of UTI. And it has significant value in diagnosis of UTI, especially for the patients with negative bacterial cultures of urine sample.

Effects of different doses of colloid on systemic hemodynamics during general anesthesia induction / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To explore the relationship between administration of different doses of colloid before general anesthesia induction and general anesthesia-induced hypotension. Methods Fifty patients for selective gastrointestinal operations were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the volume of colloid administered 30 min before general anesthesia induction: 0 mL/kg group (control group), 4 mL/kg group, 8 mL/kg group, 12 mL/kg group and 15 mL/kg group. To replace the deficit of hypovolemia before operation, crystalloid was given to each patient. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 25 min after infusion. Hemodynamic parameters were compared before and after anesthesia induction among groups. Results The changes in diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were related to colloid supplementation volume (r=-0.657, P<0.01). There were significant differences between control group and 8 mL/kg group, 12 mL/kg group and 15 mL/kg group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference among 8 mL/kg group, 12 mL/kg group and 15 mL/kg group. Conclusion Administration of colloid before general anesthesia induction attenuates the severity of general anesthesia-induced hypotension, especially when the dose of colloid is over 8 mL/kg.

Relationship between cytokine gene polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possible relationship between cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10), which were expressed abnormal quantity in the peripheral blood to intrauterine HBV infectious children, gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and susceptibility to HBV intrauterine infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross sectional study on molecular epidemiology was carried out. The subjects were selected from outpatients of the hepatitis B vaccine special clinics of our hospital. According to intrant criteria, children under high risk of HBV intrauterine infection were divided into immuno-failure group (group I) and immuno-effective group (group II) while children without high risk were included in the control group. Four gene SNP sites of TNF-alpha-238, IFN-gamma + 874, IL-4-590 and IL-10-1082 region were determined by real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences of TNF-alpha-238 A allele frequency were found between group I and group II (chi(2) = 6.797, P < 0.05) as well as between group I and control group (chi(2) = 9.513, P < 0.05). No evident difference of TNF-alpha-238 A was found between group II and control group (chi(2) = 0.047, P > 0.05). Significant differences of IFN-gamma + 874 A allele frequency were found between group I and group II (chi(2) = 7.238, P < 0.05), and between group I and the controls (chi(2) = 5.199, P < 0.05) but no significant difference was found between group II and control group (chi(2) = 0.602, P > 0.05). Significant differences of IL-4-590 C/T allele frequency were not found between group I and group II (chi(2) = 0.632, P > 0.05), group I and control group (chi(2) = 0.584, P > 0.05), or between group II and control group (chi(2) = 0.004, P > 0.05) respectively. Significant differences of IL-10-1082 G allele frequency were found between group II and group I (chi(2) = 10.359, P < 0.001), and between group II and the controls (chi(2) = 35.418, P < 0.001), but not found between group I and control group (chi(2) = 1.759, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study suggested the possibility that TNF-alpha-238 A allele and IFN-gamma + 874 A allele were associated with HBV intrauterine infection. There was no evident relationship between IL-4-590 C/T allele SNP and susceptibility to HBV intrauterine infection, but the IL-10-1082 G allele seemed to be associated with preventive efficacy to HBV intrauterine infection.</p>