Clinical application value of CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy in patients with negative fiberoptic bronchoscopy / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy in patients with negative fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Methods The clinical data of 51 patients with central type lung lesions were retrospectively analyzed and all patients had a negative result of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Then they underwent the CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy. The number of paracentesis, complication and pathology were recorded. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the tumor size:2.5-4.5 cm group, 4.6-6.5 cm group and>6.5 cm or tumor reaching the segmental bronchus group. Results The tumor diameter of 51 patients was 2.5-10.8 cm, average 4.9 cm. The number of paracentesis was 86 times, and 43 cases (84.3%) obtained definite pathological diagnosis: small cell carcinoma of lung in 14 cases, lung squamous cell carcinoma in 11 cases, adenocarcinoma in 6 cases, neuroendocrine carcinoma in 1 case, adenosquamous carcinoma in 4 cases, sclerosing hemangioma in 2 cases, tuberculosis in 2 cases, inflammatory pseudotumor in 2 cases, and large cell carcinoma in 1 case. The incidence of complication was 47.1%(24/51), among which the total slight pneumothorax occurred in 10 cases, intraoperative and postoperative hemoptysis, sputum with blood in 6 cases, greater amounts pneumothorax in 5 cases (3 cases underwent the closed drainage of pleural cavity), puncture path errhysis in 2 cases, thoracic cavity hemorrhage and thoracic wall haematoma in 1 case. No patient died. The 2.5-4.5 cm group had 22 cases, 4.6-6.5 cm group had 17 cases and >6.5 cm or tumor reaching the segmental bronchus group had 12 cases, and there was no statistical difference in the rate of definite pathological diagnosis among 3 groups:81.8%(18/22), 14/17 and 11/12, P>0.05;and there was statistical difference in the incidence of complication among 3 group:63.6% (14/22), 7/17 and 2/12, P<0.05. Conclusions The preferred examination of central type lung lesions patients is fiberoptic bronchoscopy, but because of diversity of disease, the CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy in the patients with negative fiberoptic bronchoscopy is feasible, safe, with high positive rate of biopsy and lower risk.

Effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen on secretion of SP-B and apoptosis in A549 cells / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To investigate secreting pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B (SP-B) and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) cells,treated with heat-resistant antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb-HAg).Methods Different concentrations of Mtb-HAg were used to culture A549 cells for 24 h and 48 h respectively,and the blank control groups(control group 1 and control group 2) and positive control groups [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group and curcumin group] were set up.SP-B in the culture supernatant,was assessed by ELISA in control group 1,LPS group and experimental group 1 (A549 cells were respectively induced by 2 μg/ml,3 μg/ml Mtb-HAg to culture for 24 h and 48 h).For control group 1,LPS group and experimental group 1,the relative expression of SFTPB gene was quantified with quantitative real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).The apoptosis rate of control group 2,curcumin group and experimental group 2(A549 cells were respectively induced by 2 μg/ml,3 μg/ml Mtb-HAg to culture for 24 h) in A549 cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results SP-B expression in the experimental group 1 was significantly lower than the control group 1,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The difference of SP-B expression in the experimental group 1 was not obvious with the prolongation of the same concentration.At the same incubation time,the expression of SFTPB in the experimental group 1 decreased obviously with the increasing concentration of Mtb-HAg,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The change with time was not significant.The apoptosis rate of curcumin group and experimental group 2 were significantly higher than that in control group 2 in A549 cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mtb-HAg inhibited the expression of SP-B in A549 cells significantly,and induced apoptosis of A549 cells.

Evaluation of immune responses of human T lymphocyte subsets to Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipid antigens / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Some antigens of M.tb to culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC) for assaying their proliferation and activation,so as to signify whether lipid antigens of M.tb have specific immune responses in host against M.tb infection or not.Methods:We treated PBMC with several lipid antigens of M.tb to explore the ability of these antigens to activate immunity in healthy individuals.We measured and analyzed cell proliferation by labeling cells with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl amino ester (CFSE) and subjecting them to flow cytometry (FCM).The production of IFN-γ,TNF-αand IL-4 by T cell subsets (NKT,CD4+, CD8+,andγδT) from healthy donors was analyzed by FCM after stimulation with autologous immature dendritic cells pre-cultured with M.tb lipid antigens.The tested M.tb lipid antigens were the total lipid (TLIP),Acetone-Soluble Lipids (ASLIP),Purified Sulfolipid (PSLIP),Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and Lipomannan (LM) levels.Medium free of lipid antigens(WCL,CFP,LPS,Mtb-HAg and blank) was used as a control.Results:We found the proportion of proliferative NKT and CD8+T cells significantly increased in all lipid groups (P<0.05).ASLIP,LAM and LM promoted non-proliferative CD4+T cells to secrete IL-4 and proliferative ones to secrete IFN-γ( P<0.05).All lipid antigens promoted both proliferativeγδT cells and CD8+T cells to secrete IFN-γand TNF-α,but the proportion of TNF-α-secreting cells in these populations decreased in the LM group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: Lipid antigens may affect the CD1-restricted T cells of the host to fight M.tb infection.

Loss of membranous carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 expression is related to decreased relapse-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Loss of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) expression is an adverse prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of CEACAM1 and its effect on relapse-free survival (RFS) following liver transplantation (LT) for HCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression of CEACAM1 was immunohistochemically detected in HCC specimens from 48 patients. The relationship between CEACAM1 expression and clinicopathologic variables, as well as tumor recurrence, was further analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 48 HCC specimens, membranous CEACAM1 expression was detected in 25 specimens and cytoplasmic CEACAM1 expression was detected in 19 specimens. Four specimens had loss of CEACAM1 expression. Loss of membranous CEACAM1 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, tumor number, and serum α-fetoprotein levels (all P < 0.05). Patients with loss of membranous CEACAM1 had significantly poorer RFS than patients with membranous expression, determined via Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = 0.027). Multivariate analysis revealed that loss of membranous CEACAM1 expression might be an independent prognostic factor of RFS for HCC patients after liver transplantation (P = 0.037).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Loss of membranous CEACAM1 expression in HCC was closely associated with aggressive tumor biology and might be a relapsing biomarker of HCC treated with LT.</p>

Disease gene screening of known loci in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To map the disease-causing gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-seven micro-satellite markers were randomly selected from the region around the known loci of causative genes, and haplotypes were determined by ABI3100 genetic analyzer. Two-point linkage analysis was performed using MLINK.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Lod score of each marker vs adRP was below 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The phenotype of this family may not be caused by mutation of the known disease-causing genes.</p>

Signaling transduction pathways involved in basophil adhesion and histamine release / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Little is known about basophil with respect to the different signaling transduction pathways involved in spontaneous, cytokine or anti-IgE induced adhesion and how this compares to IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mediator secretion. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of beta1 and beta2 integrins in basophil adhesion as well as hosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), src-kinases and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in basophil adhesion and histamine release (HR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Basophils (purity of 10% - 50%) were preincubated with anti-CD29 or anti-CD18 blocking antibodies before used for adhesion study. Basophils were preincubated with the pharmacological inhibitors wortmannin, PP1, PD98059 before used for adhesion and HR study. Cell adherence to bovine serum albumin (BSA) or fibronectin (Fn) was monitored using cell associated histamine as a basophil marker and the histamine was measured by the glass fiber assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Basophil spontaneous adhesion to Fn was inhibited by anti-CD29. Interleukin (IL)-3, granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced adhesion to BSA was inhibited by anti-CD18. Wortmannin at 1 micromol/L and PP1 at 20 micromol/L strongly interfered with, whereas PD98059 at 50 micromol/L weakly inhibited basophil spontaneous adhesion to Fn. One micromol/L wortmannin strongly inhibited IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF and anti-IgE induced adhesion to BSA. PP1 at 20 micromol/L partly inhibited anti-IgE induced adhesion. Fifty micromol/L PD98059 marginally inhibited IL-5, weakly inhibited anti-IgE, partly inhibited GM-CSF induced adhesion. Wortmannin, PP1 and PD98059 inhibited anti-IgE (1:100 or 1:1000) induced basophil HR in a dose dependent manner. They inhibited calcium ionophore A23187 (10 micromol/L, 5 micromol/L) induced basophil HR in a dose dependent manner, but to different extend with PP1 being the most efficient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Basophil spontaneous adhesion to Fn is mediated by beta1-integrins whereas cytokine induced adhesion to BSA is mediated by beta2-integrins. PI3K, src-kinases and ERK1/2 play distinct signaling roles in basophil adhesion and HR. PI3K is the key player while ERK1/2 is the weakest participant.</p>