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Objective: To study the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Yinhaojiere mixture and the antipyretic effect of Ilex asprella. Methods: The experiments of mice ear edma induced by xylene, the increase of capillary permeability by acetic acid and the sterilized cotton caused rat groin granulation tissue hyperplasia were used to study the anti-inflammatory effect of Yinhao-jiere mixture; the hot-plate tests and the acetic acid writhing test were applied to research the analgesic effect of Yinhaojiere mixture. In addition, the dry yeast induced fever in rats was employed to explore the efficacy of antipyretic agents in Yinhaojiere mixture and Ilex asprella water extract. Results: Yinhaojiere mixture could obviously inhibit the inflammation of the peritoneal cavity of mice ( P <0. 05). The inhibition of Yinhaojiere mixture against ear swelling induced by p-xylene was significant. Yinhaojiere mixture could sig-nificantly increase the pain threshold. Especially, Yinhaojiere mixture had significant antipyretic effect (P<0. 05). In the anti-inflam-matory, analgesic and antipyretic experimetns, there were no significant differences between the middle and high dose groups of Yinha-ojiere mixture and indomethacin group (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Yinhaojiere mixture with the Ilex asprella as the main ingredient has notable anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects, and Ilex asprella exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects, and its anti-pyretic effect is more significant.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate improvement effect of external administration of water extract from Eriocarpous Glochidion on chronic dermatitis-eczema model mice, and to provide reference for developing new dermatological drug. METHODS:A total of 60 mice were randomly divided into blank group (distilled water), model group (distilled water), compound triamcinolone acetonide acetate group (positive control group, original liquid) , high-concentration, medium-concentration and low-concentration groups of water extract from Eriocarpous Glochidion(2.0,1.0,0.5 g/mL,calculated by crude drug),10 mice in each group. Except for blank group,other groups were given 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene to induce chronic dermatitis-eczema model. Since the third day of the experiment,two sides of right ears of the mice were given relevant medicine twice at 7:00 and 15:00,15 μL each time,for consecutive 12 d. In the tenth,thirteenth,sixteenth day of the experiment,the difference of thickness of right ears of the mice was calculated(the difference value before experiment),the times of scratching in ear of mice were recorded within 30 min. In sixteenth day of the experiment,ear swelling degree of mice was determined,and thymus index and spleen index in mice were calculated. Optical microscope was used to observe the pathological changes of ear tissues of mice. RESULTS:Compared with blank group,the difference of thickness of right ears,ear swelling degree,spleen index and scratching times were increased significantly in model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The epidermis of the ear tissue was thickened,the cell proliferation was obvious,and cavernous edema was found in the epidermis. Compared with model group,other indexes in were decreased significantly,except that the difference value of thickness of right ears in sixteenth day of the experiment,scratching times in ninth and fifteenth day of the experiment were decreased slightly in low-concentration group of water extract from Eriocarpous Glochidion and the thymus index and spleen index in medium-concentration, low-concentration groups of water extract from Eriocarpous Glochidion (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The pathological changes of ear tissue were improved in administration groups to certain extent. CONCLUSIONS:External administration of water extract of Eriocarpous Glochidion has good improvement effect against chronic dermatitis-eczema in mice, which is worthy of further development and investigation.
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Objective To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of diuretic mixture and its bacteriostasis effect in vitro,and to provide scientific basis for clinical application.Methods Ear swelling test induced by xylene,twisting reaction test induced by acetic acid,capillary permeability increase in abdominal cavity of mice induced by acetic acid,and pain test induced by formalin were used to observe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of diuretic mixture at high,middle and low doses (crude drug 18.0,9.0,and 4.5 g/kg).Bacteriostatic activities of diuretic mixture were tested by K-B paper disc diffusion method.Results Diuretic mixture alleviated ear edema in mouse model at high dose (P ＜ 0.01).Diuretic mixture at high,middle,and low dose could effectively decrease the twisting reaction (P ＜ 0.01),inhibit capillary permeability (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),and ease the ache degree of mice induced by formalin in the first phase (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference in the degree of pain intensity of phase Ⅱ.The inhibitory rates of diuretic mixture on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 95.04％ and 37.44％,respectively.Conclusion Diuretic mixture has significant effects on analgesia and anti-inflammation and against S.aureus and E.coli in vitro.
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Referred to books and literatures, the data were summarized and analyzed, and compared with western medicine phar-maceutical service to find the current problems in traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) pharmaceutical service. According to the prob-lems and characteristics of TCM pharmaceutical service, and based on the theoretical characteristics of Chinese medicine, some sugges-tions for the development of TCM pharmaceutical service were proposed.
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Objective:To discuss the importance and significance of training base establishment for clinical pharmacy of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) . Methods:The urgency and necessity of training base establishment for TCM clinical pharmacy was stated based on the status and problems of TCM clinical pharmacy, and the important significance of training base establishment of TCM clini-cal pharmacy was clearly put forward. Results:The establishment of TCM clinical pharmacy training base with the aim of training pro-fessional talents for TCM clinical pharmacy can provide clinical pharmaceutical care for patients with higher quality, which surely will promote the development of TCM clinical pharmacy and the pharmaceutical care level. Conclusion:It is extremely urgent and signifi-cant to set up TCM clinical pharmacy training base, which is the important topic needed to be solved in TCM clinical pharmacy work.
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Objective:To study the effects of compound preparation of Fanshiliu on lipid metabolism and pancreatic pathological changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats with insulin resistance. Methods:After fed with high-calorie food for 8 weeks,the rats received intraperitoneal injection with low dose of streptozotocin(STZ)to induce T2DM animal model,and then the rats were randomly divided into the model group,metformin group,high and low dose group of compound preparation of Fanshiliu. The normal group was given ordinary feed. The rats were sacrified after intragastric administration for six weeks,and fasted for 12 hours after the last administration. The lipid and lipoprotein indices were detected,and pathological morphology of pancreatic tissue was observed. Results:Compared with those in the model group,TC,TG,LDL-C and FFA in each treatment group were reduced,and HDL-C was increased(P < 0. 05). Fanshiliu high dose group and metformin group had obvious hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects. The results of pathological morphology of pancreatic tissue under a light microscope showed that the damage was the most obvious in the model group. Compound preparation of Fanshiliu groups and metformin group showed damage in varying degrees. Conclusion:Fanshiliu preparation can effectively adjust blood lipid levels,enhance the insulin sensitivity and reduce damage in pancreas in T2DM rats.
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Objective To observe the effects of Xifeng Tongnao capsules on the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in brain tissue of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods A total of 120 adult SD rats were randomized into 6 groups: Xifeng Tongnao low-, middle- and high-dose groups, model control group, Buchang Naoxintong group and sham-operated group.Buchang Naoxintong group were treated with Buchang Naoxintong capsules at 0.864 g??kg-1.Xifeng Tongnao high-, middle-and low-dose groups were treated with 3.456, 1.728, and 0.864 g??kg-1 Xifeng Tongnao capsules, respectively;sham-operated group and model control group were treated with equal volume of purified water. Medications were administered intragastrically once daily for 7 days. The acute transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) 1 h after the final dose, and rats in the sham-operated group only received anesthesia and stripping without occlusion.All rats were sacrificed after reperfusion for 24 h, and expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain tissue were detected by ELISA. Results TNF-αcontent in Xifeng Tongnao capsutes low-, middle-and high-dose groups were (35.34±8.95), (33.75±6.92), and (40.95±5.39) ng??L-1, respectively.IL-1β content were (1.44±0.47), (1.45± 0.23), and (1.61±0.33) ng??L-1 in low-, middle- and high-dose groups, respectively.TNF-α and IL-1β were (38.96±9.84) and (1.56±0.31) ng??L-1, respectively in Buchang Naoxintong group, (52.74±6.76) and (2.79±0.45) ng??L-1in the model control group, and (32.54±4.00) and (1.32±0.22) ng??L-1 in sham-operated group.TNF-αand IL-1βcontent were significantly higher in Buchang Naoxintong group than in sham-operated group ( P<0. 05 ) . TNF-α and IL-1β content were significantly decreased in Xifeng Tongnao high-, middle- and low-dose groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion Xifeng Tongnao capsules can protect brain tissue by supressing TNF-α and IL-1β and alleviating inflammatory injury from ischemia.
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This study was aimed to investigate the research on pharmacological effects, relevant ideas and methods of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs. Literatures on pharmacological effects of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs were collected, summarized and analyzed. The results showed that most Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs had obvious effects of anti-microbial, anti-bacterial endotoxin, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effect. It also had obvious antivenomous and analgesia effect. Based on research ideas and methods of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs, we clarified the confusion species as soon as possible, and adhered to the whole animal experiments in combination with in vitro experiments and computer molecular docking simulations for the complementation of each other. It was concluded that the study on pharmacological effects of Guangdongnative heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs provided strong support in its clinical application. Ideas and methods provided in this article was the main way to explain pharmacological effects of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs.
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This study aimed to identify Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants by ITS2 sequence. All the DNA samples of Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants were extracted. The ITS2 sequence were succesfully amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. All the sequences were assembled using the CondonCode Aligner V3.7.1. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) genetic distances and the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree were calculated by using MEGA5.1. Results indicated that the maximum intraspecific genetic distances of Belamcandae Rhizoma was 0, and the average GC content was 52.22%;the maximum intraspecific genetic distances of Iridis tectori Rhizoma was 0.004, and the average GC content was 67.87%. The maximum K2P intraspecific genetic distance of Belamcanda chinensis, Iris tectorum were both lower than the minimum interspecific genetic distance of adulterants. Additionally, the ITS2 sequences in each of these polytypic species were separated into pairs of divergent clusters in the NJ tree. The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequence indicated that Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma and their adulterants could be distinguished clearly. It could be concluded that ITS2 barcode can be used to correctly identify Belamcandae Rhizoma, Iridis tectori Rhizoma from their adulterants, and ensure their safety in use.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Sangju Qingjie Decoction on the ventilator-induced lung injury in rats.Methods Thirty-six healthy male SD rats of both sexes,weighing 300-350 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups(n =12 each):control group(group C); mechanical ventilation group(group V)and Sangju Qingjie Decoction group(group SJ).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3％ urethane 1.4 g/kg and tracheostomized.The femoral artery and vein were cannulated for blood sampling and drug administration.The animals were mechanically ventilated for 2.5 h(VT =40 ml/kg,RR 40 bpm,I:E =1:1,FiO2 21％).Ingroup SJ,Sangju Qingjie Decoction 300 g was injected into the stomach through a gastric tube once a day for 10 consecutive days,and mechanical ventilation was performed 2 h after the last injection.While in groups V and C,the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of Sangju Qingjie Decoction.Arterial blood samples were collected before ventilation,at the end of ventilation,and at 30 min after ventilation(T0-2)for blood gas analysis.Respiratory index(RI)and oxygenation index(OI)were calculated.The animals were then sacrificed and the lungs were removed for microscopic examination and determination of the content of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 and W/D lung weight ratio.Results Compared with group C,RI at T1,2,the content of TNF-o,IL-6 and IL-10 and W/D ratio were significantly increased,and OI was significantly decreased at T1.2 in groups V and SJ(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group V,RI at T1,2,the content of TNF-α and IL-6 and W/D ratio were significantly decreased,and OI at T1,2 and the content of IL-10 were significantly increased in group SJ(P ＜ 0.05).The pathological damage was attenuated in group SJ compared with group V.Conclusion Sangju Qingjie Decoction can attenuate the ventilator-induced lung injury through inhibition of inflammatory response in rats.
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Objective To study the preparation and quality control of Shehuang powder.Methods Medicinal materials were toasted,crushed into powder,and mixed in uniformity to make Shehuang powder.TLC was used to identify pronephrium triphyllum and rhubarb in the powder.Results TLC could identify effective reagents.The preparation method was simple and effective.Shehuang Powder prepared with this method was stable.Conclusion The compatibility of Shehuang powder was reasonable.The preparation method and quality Control was simple.
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Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of water-extract of microcos paniculata,and to provide scientific experimental evidence for clinical applications.Methods Various inflammatory models,including the swelling of ear induced by xylene and the permeability increase of capillary induced by acetic acid in mice were used to explore the anti-inflammatory of water-extract of Microcos Paniculata.Results High and middle doses of microcos paniculata could significantly inhibit ear edema,and all the three doses of microcos paniculata could significantly inhibit the permeability increase of capillary permeability.Conclusion The water-extract of microcos paniculata has significant anti-inflammatory effect.
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Objective To study the preparing craft and quality control for Biyan Jiedu Granule. Methods Medicines of Biyan Jiedu Granule were prepared with traditional methods, then extracted by water, concentrated, and then mixed with adjuvant materials into granule. TLC was used to identify milkvetch root, baical skullcap root, and radix glycyrrhizae. Results The preparing method was simple and feasible. The quality of the product was stable. TLC could identify characteristic spots. Conclusion The preparation craft is simple and convenient for quality control, providing a practical and feasible method for producing Biyan Jiedu Granule.
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OBJECTIVE:To summarize the status quo of the clinical pharmacy of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and discuss strategies and considerations on its future development.METHODS: The concept and the task about the clinical pharmacy of TCM were summarized analytically,and some strategies and considerations on its development were presented. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The development of clinical pharmacy of TCM went on badly and it didn't achieve due progre-ss,therefore its development should be strengthened.
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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the historical development and management of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM.METHODS:Approaches and directions for the development of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM as well as the basis for the importance attached to its management were pointed out by reviewing the historical development and management of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The development and management of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM has achieved a great evolvement after a historical development from rudimentary stage,innovation forming stage,and universal mature stage to boosting stage,however,it is still lag far behind n the development of modern TCM.Therefore,TCM workers should spare no effort to attach great importance to and intensify the management of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the general pattern and characteristics of the ADRs associated with Saponins of panax notoginseng(SPN)injection to guide rational administration of this drug.METHODS:ADR cases induced by SPN injection that retrieved from domestic medical journals between 1994 and 2006 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Of the total 81 ADR cases induced by SPN injection,females showing higher percentage than males,and the ADRs were more often seen in aged group.The ADRs usually occurred following second time injection or repeated injections.The clinical manifestations of ADRs varied and could involve multiple organs and systems,which were characterized predominantly by damages of skin and its appendages.CONCLUSION:Doctors and pharmacists should master the pattern and characteristics of ADRs and strengthen ADR monitoring so as to reduce the incidence of ADRs.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality criteria for Huangzhi oral liquid.METHODS:TLC was employed to for the qualitative identificaiton of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Leech and Fructus Arctii;the content of total nitrogen was determined by KjeLdahL determination and content of Chrysophanol in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in Huangzhi oral liquids was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The TLC chromatograms of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Leech and Fructus Arctii presented the spots of the same colors with those at the corresponding places in the chromatograms of the controls.There was a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 1.696～ 8.480? g? mL-1 for Chrysophanol(r=0.999 8).The average recovery was 99.60%(RSD=1.37%,n=9).CONCLUSION:The methods are accurate and reliable with a strong specificity and can be used for the quality control of Huangzhi oral liquid.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the inhibitory actions of 3 traditional Chinese drugs on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE-2 in vitro.METHODS:The IC50(50% inhibiting concentration)of 3 traditional Chinese drugs on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE-2 in vitro was measured by MTT assay.RESULTS:The inhibitory actions of 3 traditional Chinese drugs on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE-2 in vitro were enhanced with the increase of the concentration in a concentration-dependent manner,with formulation Ⅲ showing the most potent inhibitory action on CNE-2 cells in vitro.CONCLUSION:The heat-clearing and detoxicating traditional Chinese drugs could markedly inhibit the proliferation of CNE-2 cells.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the general pattern and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by Tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) so as to provide references for clinical rational drug use. METHODS: A statistical analysis was conducted on 30 TMP-induced ADR cases reported in domestic medical journals. RESULTS: ADRs of TMP were independent of patient's sex, and which were more often seen in patients aged above 50. The ADRs could occur at any time after medication and involve multiple organs and systems. The clinical manifestations were various and manifested as allergic reaction or even allergic shock in severe cases. CONCLUSION: Doctors and pharmacists should master the pattern and characteristics of ADRs induced by TMP, and strengthen monitoring on the use of TMP to reduce the incidence of ADRs induced by TMP.
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OBJECTIVE: To discuss whether the "Trusteeship of Hospital Drugstore" of mode is conducive to drug price reduction and reduction of patients' medical expense for the benefit of patients and whether this model is helpful for hospital management. METHODS: It analyzed the possible problems involved in "Trusteeship of Hospital Drugstore": such as it may lead to a "new monopolization of drug management", emergence of new "type medicine representatives", formation of "benefit league", physicians' prescribing "big prescription", thus failing to pose a threat to the "false high" price of drugs in the price chain but bringing about difficulty to hospital drug control and decreasing of drug quality etc. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: In view of the fact that current medical level and service income being unable to embody their actual value and the misalignment between supply and demand information of drugs,"Trusteeship of Hospital Drugstore" is still unable to free hospital from the trivial and complicated pharmaceutical affairs, nor can it surely bring down the "false high" drug price and reduce patients' medical expenses for the benefit people.