ABSTRACT
La mortalidad fetal intrauterina, la prematurez, las complicaciones del parto, la mortalidad perinatal e infantil, así como el bajo peso al nacer son afectados por el estado nutricional de la madre antes y durante el embarazo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación entre complicaciones obstétricas y neonatales, y el estado nutricional de la madre. Este estudio transversal analítico consistió en una muestra de 711 mujeres comprendidas en las edades de 18 a 35 años, atendidas consecutivamente en el Departamento de Ginecoobstetricia, Hospital Roosevelt, durante enero a diciembre de 2015 que presentaron una o varias complicaciones maternas y/o fetales. La edad materna presentaba una mediana de 26 años (Q1 = 22, Q3 = 31), con una edad gestacional más frecuente de 27 semanas o más (59.3%), seguido de 13 a 26 semanas (28.6%); mujeres con bajo peso (10.8%), con sobrepeso (30.8%) y con obesidad (33.6%). bajo peso y restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (OR = 7.08, IC95% [3.82 a 13.11]; p < .001), sobrepeso y diabetes gestacional (OR = 4.20, IC95% [1.93 a 9.10]; p < .001), sobrepeso y óbito fetal (OR = 6.79, IC95% [1.79 a 25.72]; p < .001), obesidad y diabetes gestacional (OR = 5.02, IC95% [2.36 a 10.69]; p < .001), obesidad y óbito fetal (OR = 8.30, IC95% [2.23 a 30.88]; p < .001), sobrepeso y hemorragia posparto (OR = 9.69, IC95% [5.03 a 18.66]; p < .001), sobrepeso e hipoglucemia del neonato (OR = 4.58, IC95% [1.64 a 12.83]; p = .005), obesidad y hemorragia postparto (OR = 13.58, IC95% [7.09 a 25.98]; p < .001), obesidad e hipoglicemia del neonato (OR = 4.16, IC95% [1.49 a 11.63]; p = .005) así como asociación entre bajo peso y anemia durante el embarazo, anemia en el postparto y anemia neonatal. Se concluyó que las complicaciones obstétricas y neonatales durante el embarazo, el parto y postparto, en mujeres con edades apropiadas para el embarazo, están asociadas a su estado nutricional (AU)
Intrauterine fetal mortality, prematurity, birth complications, perinatal and infant mortality, as well as low birth weight are affected by the nutritional status of the mother before and during pregnancy. The objective of the study was to determine the association between obstetric and neonatal complications, and the nutritional status of the mother. This cross-sectional analytical study consisted of a sample of 711 women aged between 18 and 35 years, consecutively attended in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Roosevelt Hospital, during January to December 2015, who presented one or several maternal and / or fetal complications. Maternal age presented a median of 26 years (Q1 = 22, Q3 = 31), with a gestational age more frequent of 27 weeks or more (59.3%), followed by 13 to 26 weeks (28.6%); women with low weight (10.8%), overweight (30.8%) and with obesity (33.6%). low weight and intrauterine growth restriction (OR = 7.08, 95% IC [3.82 to 13.11], p <.001), overweight and gestational diabetes (OR = 4.20, 95% IC [1.93 to 9.10]; p <.001), overweight and death fetal (OR = 6.79, 95% IC [1.79 to 25.72]; p <.001), obesity and gestational diabetes (OR = 5.02, 95% IC [2.36 to 10.69]; p <.001), obesity and fetal death (OR = 8.30, 95% IC [2.23 to 30.88]), overweight and postpartum hemorrhage (OR = 9.69, 95% IC [5.03 to 18.66], p <. 001), overweight and hypoglycemia of the newborn (OR = 4.58, 95% IC [1.64 to 12.83], p = .005), obesity and postpartum hemorrhage (OR = 13.58, 95% IC [7.09 to 25.98], p <.001), obesity and hypoglycemia of the neonate (OR = 4.16, 95% IC [1.49 to 11.63], p = .005) as well as association between low weight and anemia during pregnancy, anemia in the postpartum and neonatal anemia. It was concluded that obstetric and neonatal complications during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum, in women of appropriate ages for pregnancy, are associated with their nutritional status (AU)