ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the frequency and various risk factors associated with restless legs syndrome [RLS] in haemodialysis [HD] patients and to evaluate various factors associated with RLS
DESIGN OF THE STUDY: Cross-sectional study
PLACE and DURATION: Department of Nephrology, dialysis unit, Isra University Hospital and Hirani Dialysis Centre, Hyderabad. Duration from 15-5-2011 to 27-7-2012
METHODS: The criteria of the international restless study group used to diagnose RLS, while John Hopkins restless legs 4 points severity scale was used to assess severity of RLS. All patients were reinterviewed and clinically examined by qualified neurologist. In this study 100 patients were included from two dialysis centre. The following data were collected: age, sex, duration of dialysis, cause of end stage renal failure, BUN, creatinin, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum calcium, serum phosphates, Hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, and PTH level
RESULTS: The clinical and biochemical data of 100 patients from 137 were available. RLS was present in 32 patients [32%]. Mild 16 [50%], moderate 12 [37.5%] and severe R.L.S was present in 4 [12.5%] patients respectively. We found association with increasing duration of dialysis and high calcium
CONCLUSION: The frequency of R.L.S in our dialysis patients is 32%. Results showed RLS is associated with increasing duration of dialysis and high calcium. More studies are required to see association of RLS with other factors like female gender, diabetes, and low iron
ABSTRACT
OBJECT: to find out frequency of various acute complications during haemodialysis
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study
PLACE and DURATION: The haemodialysis unit of Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, over period of 27 months, November 2010 to January 2013
METHODOLOGY: The Patients of end stage renal disease and advance acute renal failure provided dialysis and observed for any acute complication during haemodialysis
RESULT: In total 176 patients, male were 166 [66%] and female were 60 [34%]. A total of 2171 haemodialysis session were performed. Hypotension was observed during 12 [5.84%] dialysis session, Hypertension in 77 [3.54%] session. Vomiting in 70 [3.22%], muscles cramps in 67 [3.08%], fever in 33 [1.52%], Headache in 20 [0.9%] and chest pain 21 [0.96%] dialysis sessions
CONCLUSION: Haemodialysis is a life saving treatment procedure but it is not without complications and frequent complication are hypotension, Hypertension, Muscle cramps and vomiting
ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out the prevalence of type II diabetes in viral hepatitis B and C patients of different age groups with and without cirrhosis
Methods: This observational study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi, during the period June 2007 to June 2008. Eighty hepatitis B and C virus infection positive patients with and without cirrhosis were selected for study after confirmation of their diagnosis by ELISA method. Normal subjects were selected as controls for study. Blood glucose was estimated by Hexokinase method, while enzymes assay was done by enzymatic [kinetic] method. Data analysis including paired and correlation analysis were carried out and P value upto 0.05 was considered significant
Results: The number of diabetic patients was high [55%] in age group 40-49 [55%] in age group 40-49. Patients with cirrhosis of hepatitis C were having high risk [40%] than of hepatitis B [23%] of developing diabetes. This trend was also observed in patients of without cirrhosis [27% hepatitis C, 10% hepatitis B]. Increasing fasting blood glucose level associated with increase in hepatic enzymes [AST and ALT] levels was observed. It was an indicator of ongoing liver damage in co-morbid condition of viral hepatitis
Conclusion: In addition to the derangement of liver function, patients of viral hepatitis B and C can be at the risk of development of type II diabetes. Earlier measures are needed for the prevention of the disease at earlier stage of development
ABSTRACT
To correlate liver lipoprotein [a] level with biochemical parameters of viral hepatitis, induced due to most common causes, hepatitis B and C. This was a prospective study performed during the period of January 2008 to June 2008. Patient selection was done by simple random enrollment of adult males and females after confirmation of their diagnosis by ELISA method. Total of 80 patients positive for hepatitis B and C virus infection with and without cirrhosis were enrolled for study. Normal subjects were selected as control for study. Serum lipoprotein [a] was estimated by ELISA method and prothrombin time by one stage method. While enzymes assay was done by enzymatic method. The mean values of lipoprotein [a] were found statistically significantly diminished in all groups, which indicate decreased synthesis by the damaged liver. It showed statistically significant negative correlation with prothrombin time, AST and ALT in all patients groups. The results of our study indicate that there is an apparent decline in lipoprotein [a] level in both patients of with and without cirrhosis irrespective of causative organism, relatively more decline in patients of cirrhosis. The apparent decline and evidence of more decrease in the level of lipoprotein [a] with the increase in the stage of disease and its significant correlation with other biochemical parameters, reflects that the evaluation of lipoprotein [a] serum levels may contribute, among other markers, to a more complete evaluation of liver function in patients of viral hepatitis