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Background: The current estimates of energy and protein to bridge nutrient gap in the beneficiaries of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) supplementary nutrition program use sub-optimal methodology for deficit calculation. Objective: To estimate the nutrient deficit and the risk of inadequate nutrient intake in beneficiaries of the ICDS, aged 6-36 months, using individual 24-hour diet recalls, from districts of Chitradurga and Davanagere in Karnataka. Study design: Cross-sectional design. Participants: Children (aged 6 to 36 months) registered as beneficiaries of the ICDS in these districts. Methods: Data were collected on socio-demographic factors, child feeding patterns, perception and usage of take home ration (THR), between August to October, 2019. Three non-consecutive days’ 24-hour diet recall data of children were obtained from mothers, and anthropometric measurements were taken. The proportion of children at risk of inadequate nutrient intakes was estimated using the probability approach. Assuming that 50% of a healthy population will be at risk of nutrient inadequacy such that intake and requirement distributions overlap, the proportion at actual risk of nutrient inadequacy (?50%) was calculated. Results: A combined district analysis showed a median energy deficit of 109 kcal and 161 kcal in children belonging to the age groups of 6-12 month and 13-36 month, respectively. The actual risk of inadequate intake for both age groups ranged between 12- 47% for fat and other micronutrient (iron, calcium, zinc, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin A), despite breastfeeding, complementary feeding and reported THR use. Conclusion: Children who receive supplementary nutrition as part of the national program fail to meet their nutrient requirements that are essential for growth and development. The study results may help in strengthening the IYCF counselling and in modification of the existing THR, with quality and cost implications.
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Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that in recent years has become an important disease of international public health concern. Dengue virus infections and illness when symptomatic, that patients tend to present with a significantly wide variety manifestations. The aim of the study was to evaluate liver dysfunction in patients with dengue infections.Methods: The present study was undertaken as an observational cross-sectional study the period June 2017 to December 2018. The details of all patients with serologically proved dengue fever admitted in the hospital were reviewed. Data including routine blood count, liver function test (LFT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), abdominal ultrasonography was studied. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Difference between proportions was tested by using chi square test. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure linear correlation between two continuous variables. A p value <0.05 was consideredstatistically significant.Results: Majority of the study participants were in the age group of 16-30 years (57.5%) and were males (64.5%). Fever, Headache and joint pain were the most common symptoms noted among the study participants. Majority of the study participants were found to have elevated levels of SGOT (75.3%), SGPT (64.2%) levels and lower levels ofserum albumin (68.6%) on evaluation. Statistically significant association was observed between elevated liver enzymes and presence of features of dengue haemorrhagic fever.Conclusions: Considerably high proportion of patients with dengue infection were found to have hepatic dysfunction in the form of deranged liver enzymes.
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Background: Coronary artery disease burden has been on a rise globally with it emerging as the principle cause of death even in the Indian subcontinent. Serum adiponectin has recently gained interest due to its close relation with atherosclerotic CAD and Metabolic syndrome. The levels of serum adiponectin are reduced in ACS. There is a paucity of studies in South Indian population comparing the effect of central obesity in patient with ACS. The aim of the present endeavour was to study the association of serum adiponectin in risk evaluation of patient with acute coronary syndrome with and without central obesityMethods: The study was conducted in a tertiary center in patient who presented with first time ACS they were grouped into two groups based on the presence and absence of central obesity. Central obesity was defined on the basis of waist to hip ratio. Serum adiponectin levels were estimated in both the groups using ELISA method. The results were statistically analyzed using t- test.Results: Authors concluded that the mean age of patients presenting first time with ACS was 55±12years in both the group. There was a significantly raised LDL and Total Cholesterol (TC) level in patient with central obesity. The estimated serum adiponectin level was reduced in both the group with more significant reduction in group with central obesity. The mean adiponectin level in CAD patients with central obesity was 2.326±1.437µg/ml as compared to 3.486±1.6999μg/ml in patients without central obesity, which was statistically significant (p value <0.0049).Conclusions: Authors concluded that serum adiponectin levels were reduced in both the group with ACS with a further reduction in patient with central obesity. It was also observed that there was a significant relation between adiponectin level and visceral fat as compared to superficial fat, as adiponectin was significantly reduced in patient higher waist-hip ratio.
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ABO blood group antigens form the basis of current blood transfusion practice and their prevalence among blood donors can provide a glimpse into the population distribution of ABO genes and hence this study was undertaken to assess the ABO antigen phenotype prevalence and ABO gene prevalence among blood donors at a tertiary care teaching research Institute in South India. A total of 49,279 donors have been checked for their ABO blood group. The O, A, B, AB blood group prevalence were 42, 20, 32, 6 percent respectively while the O, A, B gene frequencies were 65, 14, 21 percent respectively.
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Finger millet Eleusine coracana L., commonly called Ragi, is a rich source of phytochemicals and have number of health beneficial effects. The present study evaluated the total antioxidant activity (TAA), condensed tannins (CT), micronutrient content (Fe & Zn), diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and phenolic compounds in 35 finger millet genotypes. The assayed genotypes showed 0.91-0.99 mg/g CT, 23.79-56.51 mM/kg TAA, 1.76-44.47 µM/g DPPH scavenging activity, 44.14-88.09 µg/mL ABTS activity, 100-463.53 µM FRAP value, 37.04-69.13 ppm Fe and 28.94-46.77 ppm Zn. HPLC analysis showed that gallic, tannic, ferulic, caffeic and o-coumaric acid to be major polyphenols in all genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significantly higher CT, TAA with relatively good amount of Fe and Zn in VL Ragi 146, VL Mandua 352, VL 336, VL 373, VL 325, VL 351, GPHCPB 7, GPHCPB 3, GPHCPB 52 and VR 708 genotypes. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis classified the 35 genotypes into two clusters; Cluster I had higher CT, TAA, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, while cluster II recorded higher Fe and Zn. This study clearly demonstrated the nutraceutical properties with higher antioxidant potential of identified genotypes, which can be suitably deployed for nutritional security, particularly in developing countries.
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Pulmonary siderosis or Welder’s lung is a rare occupational lung disease which occurs due to long term inhalation of iron compounds. It is most commonly seen in arc-welders. Most of the patients are asymptomatic with mild or no functional impairment. We report a case of pulmonary siderosis with symptomatic respiratory disease and restrictive pattern in pulmonary function test.
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Although Mycoplasma equigenitalium has been implicated in equine reproductive problems, its prevalence is largely unexplored due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests. To address this limitation, the authors developed and optimized species-specific primer pairs that target M. eguigenitalium rpoB [RNA polymerase B subunit] gene sequences. The specificity of the PCR assay developed in this study was determined using 12 field isolates including the type strain of M. equigenitalium and other Mycoplasma species. In the field study, a total of 122 mare and stallion samples comprising of 50 clinical and 72 random samples were subjected to speciesspecific PCR assay to detect M. equigenitalium in equine genital tracts. Mycoplasma equigenitalium [MEG] species-specific PCR detected 22.13% positive samples; however, only 9.01% of the samples were found to be positive using the conventional culture technique. The PCR established in this study could be used for rapid, specific and accurate diagnosis of M. equigenitalium strains. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report addressing the development and evaluation of species-specific PCR to detect M. equigenitalium
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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the impact strength of a commercially available, heat polymerized acrylic denture base material could be improved using reinforcements. A total of 30 specimens [65 mm x 10 mm x 3 mm] were fabricated, the specimens were divided into 3 groups with 10 specimens each. They were Group 1 - conventional denture base resins, Group 2 - high impact denture base resins and group 3 - glass reinforced denture base resins. The impact strength of specimens was measured using charpy's test. One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] was used to determine statistical differences among the impact strength of three groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and the results were obtained. The flexural strength values showed statistically significant differences among experimental groups [P<0.005]. Within the limitations of the study PMMA reinforced with glass fibers showed the highest impact strength values, and this was followed by PMMA reinforced with butadiene styrene and the least strength was observed in the conventional denture base resins
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Injuries to the fingers are common in accidents at home, work, or play. Fingers as organs of manipulation have an important role in function and aesthetics. Moreover, for the majority of patients, the loss of the finger can lead to psychological problems. Peretz defines loss as "a state of being deprived of or being without something one has had and valued". The problem of replacing external parts of the body missing from surgery or trauma often falls to the maxillofacial prosthodontist. Maxillofacial prostheses replace lost body parts using artificial substitutes like acrylic or silicones. These prostheses support the patients psychologically and enhance their social acceptance. A case report is being presented where a custom made finger prosthesis; comfortable in use and esthetically acceptable to the patient was fabricated; using acrylic material. The prosthesis was retained by using a ring