Study of Branching Pattern of External Carotid Artery

Background: Anatomical information of vasculature is of need for the surgeons and radiologists. Carotid artery and its branches supply most of head, neck, and brain. Injuries to the external carotid artery and its branches is often complex and results in high mortality. Knowledge of types and frequencies of vascular variations of external carotid artery is of help for invasive diagnostic and interventional procedures. Materials and methods: 50 external carotid arteries were dissected to study the branching pattern of external carotid artery. Results: Conventional branching pattern was seen in 58% specimens. Superior thyroid artery originated from common carotid artery in 12% specimens. Linguofacial trunk was observed in 16%. Occipital artery and ascending pharyngeal artery rose from a single trunk in 12%. Origin of facial artery from maxillary artery was observed in one specimen. Conclusion: Study of variations in the branching pattern of the external carotid artery adds to the existing anatomical knowledge. Variations in the branching pattern is of definite help for interventional radiologists, vascular, craniofacial and neck surgeons.

Study Of Mandibular Ramus As Predictor Of Sex

Background: Methods based on measurements and morphometry are accurate and can be used in determinationof sex. Even the bony remains like mandibular ramus can be used to predict the sex of the individual which willbe of help for forensic experts. Morphometry of mandibular ramus will also be of importance for anthropologists,anatomists and prosthetists.Materials and Methods: Coronoid height, maximum ramus breadth, minimum ramus breadth and maximumramus height was measured in 200 adult cadavers.Results: The coronoid height varied from 42.02 mm to 68.46 mm in males and it varied from 40.08 mm to 66.76mm in females. The maximum ramus breadth in male mandible varied from 28.84 mm to 42.28 mm and infemales it varied from 27.44 mm to 41.42 mm. The minimum ramus breadth in males varied from 21.92 mm to36.80 mm, in females it varied from 17 mm to 34.26 mm. The maximum ramus height in males varied from 47.76mm to 68.64 mm and in females it varied from 42.56 mm to 69.56 mm.Conclusion: All the parameters measured were higher in males than females. Comparison studies revealed thatthe South Indian parameters were lesser than Thais, Croatians and Africans.

Clinical profile of infective keratitis at tertiary eye care hospital Warangal, Telangana

Introduction: Infective Keratitis is most common cause of corneal blindness in Rural India. Agricultural farmers are more at risk. Fungi and Bacteria are the main cause for this ocular ailment. Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent the corneal blindness. Aim: To evaluate common etiological factors causing Infective Keratitis in the region of Northern Telangana. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Tertiary Eye Care Hospital, Regional Eye Hospital, Warangal, Telangana State. Fifty patients were admitted with infective keratitis were clinically evaluated. Each case was analysed and results were recorded as per etiology, clinical symptoms and signs, complications and visual outcome. Results: Age group greater than 40 years (58%) were more common with male predominance (54%) was observed. People living rural area (72%) were affected more than urban areas. Agricultural labour (52%) was mostly seen with infective keratitis. Most of the cases were with trauma (62%) with vegetative matter was mostly seen. Most of the cases were acute (78%) in origin. Fungi were most common organism isolated from the cultures. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (62%) were common species isolated from bacterial origin and they were antibiotic sensitive (92%). Aspergillous was common fungus isolated Diffuse Corneal ulcer was most common complication. Malnutrition was main cause in systemic illness. Most of the patients before treatment were with no passage of light after treatment visual acuity has prognosis to 6/18 vision. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment may improve the visual prognosis and prevent Corneal blindness due to Infective Keratitis.

Isochromosome X mosaicism in a child with Kabuki syndrome phenotype: A rare cytogenetic association.

Isochromosome is a structurally unbalanced chromosome consisting of two short arms or two long arms, which are derived by abnormal centromere division or sister-chromatid exchange. Most autosomal isochromosomes are unusual, while those involving sex chromosomes are common. Kabuki syndrome (KS, OMIM 147920) is a multiple malformation/mental retardation syndrome of unknown etiology. A conventional cytogenetic study on lymphocytes from a 4-year-old girl with physical features suggestive of KS was found to have mosaicism for isochromosome for the long arm of the X. Although most manifestations present in this patient have been described before, this report is a rare association of clinical and cytogenetic findings in this syndrome. A genome-wide analysis and a larger number of patient groups studied could improve our understanding of the genetic basis of KS.