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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 38(8): 381-390, Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-796933

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The aims of the study were to evaluate, after pregnancy, the glycemic status of women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to identify clinical variables associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Methods Retrospective cohort of 279 women with GDM who were reevaluated with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after pregnancy. Characteristics of the index pregnancy were analyzed as risk factors for the future development of prediabetes (IFG or IGT), and T2DM. Results: T2DM was diagnosed in 34 (12.2%) patients, IFG in 58 (20.8%), and IGT in 35 (12.5%). Women with postpartum T2DM showed more frequently a family history of T2DM, higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), lower gestational age, higher fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose levels on the OGTT at the diagnosis of GDM, higher levels of hemoglobin A1c, and a more frequent insulin requirement during pregnancy. Paternal history of T2DM (odds ratio [OR] =5.67; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] =1.64-19.59; p =0.006), first trimester fasting glucose value (OR =1.07; 95%CI =1.03-1.11; p =0.001), and insulin treatment during pregnancy (OR =15.92; 95%CI =5.54-45.71; p < 0.001) were significant independent risk factors for the development of T2DM. Conclusion A high rate of abnormal glucose tolerance was found in women with previous GDM. Family history of T2DM, higher pre-pregnancy BMI, early onset of GDM, higher glucose levels, and insulin requirement during pregnancy were important risk factors for the early identification of women at high risk of developing T2DM. These findings may be useful for developing preventive strategies.


Objetivo Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar o estado glicêmico de mulheres com história de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) após o parto e identificar fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), glicemia de jejum alterada (GJA) e tolerância diminuída à glicose (TDG). Métodos Coorte retrospectiva de 279 mulheres com DMG reavaliadas com um teste oral de tolerância à glicose (TOTG) após a gestação. Foram analisados fatores prognósticos da gestação índice e fatores de risco para o futuro desenvolvimento de pré-diabetes (GJA ou TDG) e DM2. Resultados: Diagnosticou-se DM2 em 34 pacientes (12,2%), GJA em 58 (20,8%) e TDG em 35 (12,5%). Mulheres que evoluíram para DM2 apresentaram maior frequência de história familiar de DM2, índice de massa corporal (IMC) pré-gestacional mais elevado, menor idade gestacional, níveis superiores de glicemia de jejum e 2 horas após glicose no TOTG ao diagnóstico do DMG, hemoglobina glicada mais elevada, e uso mais frequente de insulina na gestação. História paterna de DM2 (odds ratio [OR] = 5,67; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] = 1,64-19,59; p = 0,006), glicemia de jejum do primeiro trimestre (OR = 1,07; IC95% = 1,03-1,11; p = 0,001) e o uso de insulina na gestação (OR = 15,92; IC95% = 5,54-45,71; p < 0,001) foram fatores de risco independentes para o desenvolvimento de DM2. Conclusão Houve elevada incidência de alterações no metabolismo da glicose em mulheres com DMG prévio. História familiar de DM2, IMC pré-gestacional elevado, DMG diagnosticado mais precocemente na gestação, com glicemias mais elevadas e necessidade de insulina, foram importantes fatores de risco associados à identificação precoce de mulheres com alto risco de desenvolvimento de DM2. Este conhecimento pode ser útil para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes, Gestational/blood , Glucose Intolerance/blood , Postpartum Period/blood , Cohort Studies , Disease Progression , Glucose Tolerance Test , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
2.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 59(1): 29-33, 02/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746447

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the association of the rs10885122G>T polymorphism in the ADRA2A gene in a Euro-Brazilian sample of healthy (controls) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects. Subjects and methods We used fluorescent probes (TaqMan) to genotype 241 subjects, that is, 121 healthy and 120 T2D subjects, who were classified based on the Brazilian Diabetes Association (2013) and American Diabetes Association (2014) criteria. Results The genotype and allele frequencies showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference between the two studied groups. The minor allele (T) frequencies (95%CI) for rs10885122 were 19% (14-24%) and 20% (15-26%) for healthy and T2D groups, respectively. Carriers of the T allele (genotypes GT+TT) were significantly associated (P = 0.016) with approximately a 7-kg body weight reduction compared with the genotype GG, which was only found in the T2D group. Conclusion The rs10885122G>T polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene was not associated with T2D in Euro-Brazilians, and carriers of the T allele had lower body weight in the presence of T2D. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):29-33 .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , /genetics , White People/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , /genetics , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , White People/ethnology , Genetic Association Studies , Genotype , Gene Frequency/genetics
4.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 49(2): 97-108, Apr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678237

ABSTRACT

Chronic hyperglycemia, which is present in all types of diabetes, increases the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The interaction of AGEs with receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) initiates a cascade of pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant processes that result in oxidative stress, stimulating the formation and accumulation of more AGE molecules. This cyclic process, denominated metabolic memory, may explain the persistency of diabetic vascular complications in patients with satisfactory glycemic control. The RAGE found in several cell membranes is also present in soluble isoforms (esRAGE and cRAGE), which are generated by alternative deoxyribonucleic acid splicing or by proteolytic cleavage. This review focuses on new research into these mediators as potential biomarkers for vascular complications in diabetes.


A hiperglicemia crônica, presente em todas as formas de diabetes, favorece a formação de produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs). A interação de AGEs com o receptor de produtos finais glicosilados (RAGE) inicia uma cascata de processos pró-inflamatórios e pró-coagulantes que resultam em estresse oxidativo, o qual estimula a formação e o acúmulo de maior quantidade de moléculas de AGEs. Esse processo cíclico, denominado memória metabólica, pode explicar por que, mesmo após um período de bom controle glicêmico, as complicações vasculares associadas ao diabetes não regridem. O RAGE fixado nas membranas de várias células também está presente em isoformas solúveis (esRAGE e cRAGE), geradas por processamento alternativo do ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) ou por clivagem proteolítica. Esta revisão aborda os novos estudos sobre a função desses mediadores como potenciais biomarcadores para as complicações vasculares no diabetes.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Complications , Protein Isoforms , Glycation End Products, Advanced/agonists
5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(6): 389-398, ago. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601816

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico e a evolução de mulheres com diabetes melito gestacional (DMG), determinando fatores de risco para maior vigilância. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas 924 gestações de 916 pacientes, de 6 de novembro de 2001 a 21 de setembro de 2009. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados fatores de risco para DMG em 95,1 por cento dos casos. A prevalência de diabetes materno, paterno e em outros familiares foi de 24,3 por cento, 9,4 por cento e 24,7 por cento, respectivamente. Os fatores preditivos para uso de insulina foram: glicemia de jejum (GJ) no rastreamento ≥ 85, GJ no Teste Oral de Tolerância à Glicose (TOTG) ≥ 95, glicemia 2h após 75 g de glicose ≥ 200 mg/dL, DMG prévio, obesidade, HbA1c > 6 por cento e história familiar de DM em parente de primeiro grau associada à obesidade ou DMG prévio, esta última a associação mais relevante (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores de risco analisados se mostraram altamente sensíveis para a detecção de DMG, e a disposição da história familiar reforça sua relação com o DM2. Recomenda-se maior vigilância a gestantes com fatores preditivos para necessidade de insulina.


OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiological profile and outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), determining risk factors for increased vigilance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 924 pregnancies in 916 patients between November 6, 2001 and September 21, 2009. RESULTS: Risk factors were found in 95.1 percent of cases. The prevalence of maternal diabetes, paternal diabetes and diabetes in other family members was 24.3 percent, 9.4 percent and 24.7 percent, respectively. Predictive factors for insulin use were: screening fasting glucose (FG) ≥ 85, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) FG ≥ 95, 2h glucose after 75 g ≥ 200 mg/dL, previous GDM, obesity, HbA1c > 6 percent, and the association of risk factors including family history of diabetes mellitus and obesity or previous GDM, the last one the most relevant (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors were very sensitive for GDM detection, and provision of family history strengthens its relationship with T2DM. Greater vigilance is recommended for patients with predictive factors for insulin requirement.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Family Health/statistics & numerical data , Biomarkers , Chi-Square Distribution , Diet, Diabetic , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetes, Gestational/etiology , Diabetes, Gestational/therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors
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