ABSTRACT
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Abstract: In recent decades, the growing obesity epidemic in Mexico has become one of the most important public health challenges faced by the country. With support from the World Obesity Federation, we formed a working group in 2021 to identify and summarize priority actions that Mexico can take to face this epidemic. More than 1 000 health professionals joined the development and discussion process. Recommendations from previously published, high-level documents and guidelines were taken into account. In commemoration of World Obesity Day 2022, this statement is presented as input for health care professionals to develop actions to address obesity. The statement includes 10 recommendations that include population-level and individual-level actions. It emphasizes the importance of social participation, comprehensive interventions with a person- centered perspective, planetary sustainability, on improving education and communication campaigns, as well as fostering a built environment that promotes active living, and shielding prevention and control efforts from conflicts of interest. The statement calls for obesity to be treated seriously, based on scientific evidence, in a timely and comprehensive manner, employing a life-course and ethical approach that does not perpetuate weight stigma in society.
ABSTRACT
Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el uso y la comprensión subjetiva y objetiva del etiquetado frontal Guías Diarias de Alimentación (GDA) para ayudar a la población a tomar decisiones saludables respecto a los productos que consume. Material y métodos: Se evaluó el uso de la información nutrimental disponible en el empaque (GDA, tabla de información nutrimental y lista de ingredientes), así como la comprensión subjetiva y objetiva del GDA, en personas mayores de 20 años. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 43 157 personas. La tabla nutrimental fue la etiqueta más utilizada (11.1%). Apenas 24.6% (IC95%: 23.9-25.3) y 41.2% (IC95%: 40.4-42.1) clasificó correctamente el producto como nada saludable o alto en sodio, respectivamente. Estas proporciones fueron menores en adultos mayores, personas con menor nivel educativo, nivel socioeconómico bajo y área rural. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que el etiquetado GDA no es útil para apoyar a la población vulnerable a realizar elecciones saludables.
Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the use, subjective and objective understanding of the GDA frontal labeling to assist the population towards making healthy decisions regarding the products they consume. Materials and methods: The use of nutritional information contained in products´ packages (GDA, nutritional information table, and list of ingredients), as well as the subjective and objective comprehension of the GDA labeling, were assessed among people older than 20 years old. Results: A total of 43 157 people were interviewed. Amid the labels, the nutritional table was read more frequently (11.1%). 24.6% (IC95%: 23.9-25.3) and 41.2% (IC95%: 40.4-42.1) of the interviewees classified products correctly as not healthy and high in sodium, respectively. These outcomes were smaller between the elderly, lower socioeconomic levels, lower educational levels, and rural areas. Conclusions: The results show that the GDA labeling is not useful to support the vulnerable population to make healthy decisions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Consumer Behavior , Food Labeling , Beverages , Choice Behavior , Food , MexicoABSTRACT
Objetivo. Describir el proceso de desarrollo de las capacidades de una población escolar en relación con la alimentación, actividad física y prevención de obesidad, dentro de una iniciativa de Escuela Promotora de Salud (EPS), implementada en una escuela primaria pública y sustentada en un enfoque de funcionamiento humano. Material y métodos. Se formuló un proyecto de EPS con un diseño metodológico de investigación-acción participativa, en el que se adecuó e integró un método participativo de planeación-acción-evaluación con un modelo de aprendizaje grupal y colaborativo, y se definió la narrativa como estrategia. Resultados. La participación de los niños contribuyó al desarrollo de conjuntos de capacidades referidas al desempeño escolar, socialización y convivencia, así como a la alimentación, actividad física y otras relacionadas con salud en general. Conclusiones. La EPS favorece el desarrollo de capacidades individuales y colectivas que permiten a los escolares lograr funcionamientos favorables para su salud, incluyendo alimentación y actividad física.
Objective. To describe the process of capacity building of an elementary school in Mexico City to promote healthy diet, physical activity and obesity preventive measures, within the Health Promoting School (HPS) initiative, underpinned by a human functioning approach. Materials and methods. The project of HPS had a methodological design of participatory action research, which was adapted and integrated to a participatory method of planning-action-evaluation with a model of collaborative and group learning; thus narrative was defined as a strategy. Results. The participation of children in the process contributed to the development of a set of capabilities related to school performance, socialization, coexistence, diet, physical activity and others related to health in general. Conclusions. The HPS enhances the development of individual and collective capacities of school-aged children that allows them to achieve favorable performances for their health, including diet and physical activity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , School Health Services , Narration , Capacity Building , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Health Promotion/methods , Social Behavior , Exercise , Program Evaluation , Choice Behavior , Focus Groups , Community Participation , Diet , Feeding Behavior , MexicoABSTRACT
Objetivo. Presentar los resultados de nutrición de un proyecto de Escuela Promotora de Salud (EPS) sobre el estado de nutrición en escolares de una escuela primaria. Material y métodos. Se diseñó una intervención de EPS teniendo como estrategia la narrativa infantil y un diseño metodológico de investigación de acción participativa. Para evaluar el estado de nutrición se utilizó el índice de masa corporal. Resultados. En escolares la prevalencia del exceso de peso (sobrepeso más obesidad) disminuyó significativamente (p<.001) después de la intervención. Conclusiones. La comprensión promovida desde, con y para los propios implicados en el problema del exceso de peso es condición esencial para su solución.
Objective. To present the results of the nutritional component of a Health Promoting School (HPS) project, on the nutritional status of children in an elementary school. Materials and methods. An HPS intervention was designed using children's narrative and participatory action research methodology. Body mass index was utilized to assess nutritional status. Results. In school children the prevalence of excess weight (overweight plus obesity) decreased significantly (p<0.001) after the intervention. Conclusions. In order to develop a successful solution to the problem of excess weight, it is essential to involve those affected.