new model of master of philosophy in physiological sciences

The objectives of Master of Philosophy [MPhil] in Physiological Sciences are: 1] to describe the new ways in which anatomy, biochemistry and physiology on one hand, and microbiology, pathology and pharmacology on other hand meet their functional requirements through multidisciplinary integrated concepts; 2] to elucidate relationships between cell biology, molecular biology and molecular genetics by connecting dots of how cell functions are driven by molecules and being controlled by genes. This forms the basis of cell, molecular and genetics [CMG] module upon which 7 multidisciplinary modules of Physiological Sciences follow; 3] these 24 credit hours provide the physiological basis for PhD studies as well as faculty development to enhance learning abilities of medical student; 4] the modules constitute Cardio- Respiratory Physiological Sciences, GI and Renal Physiological Sciences, Neurosciences, Endo-Reproductive Physiological Sciences.; 5] it has integrated microbiology, pathology and pharmacology in a unique way through CMG of microbes leading to associated pathology and mechanisms of prescribed drugs; 6] it has additional synopsis and thesis friendly course work leading to comprehensive examinations; 7] the year two deals with research work of 6 credit hours leading to defense of thesis; 8] The MPhil in Physiological Sciences is fundamentally different from what is being offered elsewhere. It prepares and offers a good spring board to dovetail PhD studies as well as faculty and institutional development. This is the first study that deals with innovative programmes in research, learning and education in the field of physiological sciences. This broad-based MPhil would make its recipients competent, critical, confident and productive learner. This is a completely unique design of a curriculum that has no comparable examples elsewhere. Our mission is to educate graduate students in the field of Physiological Sciences such that they have a complete grasp over the broad-based integrated concepts of basic health sciences. Upon completion of their education, the students will be able to use the duality of imagination and skepticism. Hence, the students will contribute to their fields by unfolding their creative energy

Translation And Validation Of The Malay Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist For Civilians

Objectives: There are a number of validated questionnaires available for the screening of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the PTSD Checklist for Civilians is one of them. However, none was translated into the Malay Language and validated for use in the Malaysian population. The aim of this study is to translate and validate the Malay PTSD Checklist for Civilians (MPCL-C). Methods: The PCL-C was translated into the Malay Language and back-translated. The reliability and validity of the MPCL-C were then determined by administering them to those who presented at the emergency department for motor vehicle accident at least one month before. Results: The MPCL-C has good face and content validity. In terms of reliability, it is also good, with Chronbach’s alpha values of 0.90, 0.77, 0.75 and 0.74 for the full scale, re-experiencing, avoidance and arousal domains respectively. Conclusions: The MPCL-C is a valid and reliable instrument to screen for PTSD in motor vehicle accident victims for the studied population.

Relationship of self esteem and social anxiety: a comparative study between male and female adolescents

The present study aims to find the relationship differences of social anxiety and self esteem among male and female adolescent students in Pakistan. It was hypothesized that there would be a difference in the relationship of self esteem and social anxiety in males and female adolescents. A Correlational Study. Different Schools and Colleges of Karachi, 2011. A total of 210 adolescents including 86 males and 124 females served as the subjects of the study. To assess the social anxiety Interaction Anxiety Scale, Urdu version1 and for the evaluation of self esteem Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale translated version2 was employed. Descriptive Statistics was computed to analyze sample characteristics; and Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to determine the relationship of social anxiety and self esteem among male and female adolescents. Z correlation was also computed to find out if the gender difference in the relationship of social anxiety and self esteem is significant. The results indicate that there is gender difference between the associations of two variables but it is not significant. 16 Bano, Ahmad and All. Findings of the research do not support the role of gender difference in the relationship of self esteem and social anxiety

Ventricular peptides and cardiac function

Seventeen and a half million deaths occur every year due to cardiovascular diseases across the world and one in three deaths in the world are caused by cardiovascular diseases such as, heart attack or heart failure according to WHO. Improved diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with the left ventricular dysfunction can help in preventing the major cause of death. This article review was the results of recent clinical studies relating to various heart diseases with the ventricular cardiac peptides such as B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP] and amino terminal B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP] levels as potential markers of diastolic and systolic left ventricular dysfunction. Sources of Data/Study selection: Data from survey reports, descriptive, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies published between 1981-2011 on the topic were included. Data searches based on human and animal studies were included. Data Extraction: The data was extracted from online resources of World Heart Failure Society, Heart Failure Society of America, World Heart Federation, The MEDLINE, the internet [e-medicine, medscape resource centre]. Analysis of these ventricular peptides appears to be a potential approach for elucidation of the pathophysiology of the heart

Wear of Rotary Instruments: A Pilot Study

The aim of this study was to assess the wear of tungsten carbide burs and round rotary diamond instruments through measurements of rake angle and visual observations respectively under a f ield emission scanning electron microscope. Sixty short and long head pear-shaped tungsten carbide burs and 18 round rotary diamond instruments that had been used to complete 5 and > 10 cavity preparations (n=10/ group) were selected from the 3rd and 4th year dental students, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. There were two control groups consisting of long and short tungsten carbide burs of ten each. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyse the rake angle data. The data from the two control groups were collectively analysed following multiple paired t-test (p > .05) which showed no significant difference between the two types of tungsten carbide bur (short and long head). The mean rake angle of the control group was significantly higher (p 5 and > 10 cavity preparation groups. The rake angle of the > 10 cavity preparation group was significantly lower than the other two test groups (p 5 and > 10 cavity preparation groups showed blunt diamond particles. In conclusion, wear of tungsten carbide burs and round rotary diamond instruments were evident after repeated use. Wear was more pronounced when instruments were used to prepare more than ten cavities.

Role of rigid bronchoscopy in massive haemoptysis

Massive haemoptysis can occur in lung abscess. Massive haemoptysis itself may be life threatening due to asphyxiation or respiratory failure secondary to acute large airway obstruction by blood clots. Prompt removal of the obstructing blood clots save life. We describe a case of lung abscess causing massive haemoptysis resulting in acute airway obstruction which required rigid bronchoscopy to remove the huge blood clot. (JUMMEC2010; 13(2): 107-110)

Subclinical cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus

Cardiovascular lesions are commonly found in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] with relevant implication in mortality and morbidity. The purpose of the study was to verify whether there is any sign of cardiovascular involvement in childhood SLE without clinical manifestations using electrocardiography [ECG] and echocardiography [ECHO]. The study was carried out on 40 children with SLE who attended the outpatient clinics of Rheumatology, Pediatrics, Cardiology and Internal Medicine departments of Assiut and AI-Azhar universities. They were free of any clinically evident cardiac manifestations such as dyspnea, orthopnea and edema of the lower limbs. In addition, twenty apparently healthy children were taken as a control group. All subjects underwent complete history and physical examinations, x ray chest, ECG and two dimensional,M mode, continuous wave [CW], pulse wave [PW] and color flow Doppler examinations .The following investigations were done: complete blood count [CBc], erythrocyte sedimentation rate[ESR], antistreptolysin O titre [A SOT], C reactive protein[CRP], C[3] complement, rheumatoid factor[RF],anfinuclear antibodies[ANA] and anti double strand DNA[anti ds DNA]. Minor ECG changes were detected in 15% of patients. ECHO showed pericarditis with effusion, aortic insufficiency, mitral regurgitation, mild tricuspid regurgitation and mild pulmonary hypertension in 15%, 20%, 25%, 15% and 20% of patients with SLE respectively. A significant reduction of ejection fraction [EF] and fraction shortening [FS] was found in our patients .Significant diastolic dys functions were manifested by decreased early diastolic flow velocity [E], early diastolic flow velocity/late diastolic flow velocity [E/A] ratio and increased E deceleration time [Edt], left ventricular posterior wall diameter in diastole [LVPWd], interventricular septum in diastole[.lVSd] and pulmonary artery systolic pressure [PASP]. Cardiovascular involvement in childhood SLE is Regular cardiac evaluation using [ECG] and [ECHO] is recommended to detect subclinical cardiac involvement

Periodontal disease as the initial oral manifestation of langerhans cell histiocytosis - a case report

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) refers to a group of lesions presenting with a spectrum of clinical. features but sharing similar histology. These lesions are rare and treatment has been quite variable with current treatment protocol recommended being dependent on whether it is a unifocal or multi focal bone disease or a multi focal multisystem disease. However, the clinical presentations of LCH are variable and the decision to place into the appropriate clinical types may sometimes be masked by the non-discovery of all the lesions. In the oral maxillofacial area, the clinical features of these lesions may further pose a problem by nondescript manifestations as dental/periodontal/oral mucosal disorders. These oral findings may sometimes lead to inappropriate choice of treatment and delay in the diagnosis of all the lesions involved. This paper describes one such case where LCH manifest itself as a periodontal disease thus leading to delay in identifying all the sites involved and consequently a delay in id~ntifying the appropriate clinical type.

Oral bag-valve-mask insufflation technique to remove unilateral friable nasal foreign body in emergency department

Nasal foreign body in children is not an uncommon presentation to the Emergency Department. Removal is essential. Many methods of removal exist. Nasal wash technique is advocated mainly in friable foreign bodies. We report the successful use of the oral bag-valve-mask insufflation technique to remove friable facial tissue in the left nose of a 2 year-old girl. We used a pediatric bag-valve-mask with a pop-off pressure relief valve to avoid barotrauma. Pop-off pressure relief valve limits the pressure beyond 30mmHg. Conscious sedation was not required. There were no complications.

Antimutagenic activity of egyptian propolis and bee pollen water extracts against cisplatin-induced chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells of mice

Bee-collected pollen and propolis are apicultural products which are recognized as a well balanced food. These beehive products are composed of nutritionally valuable substances and contain considerable amounts of polyphenol substances which may have several useful pharmacological properties. The protective activity of Bee-collected pollen [BPE] and water-soluble derivative of propolis [WSDPE] aqueous extracts was studied on cisplatin[CDDP] induced genotoxicity in male albino mice [Mus mascullus]. The treatment of mice with Bee-collected pollen and propolis extracts at doses 140 and 8.4 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively for 14 days synergistically with the intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin at dose of 2.8 mg/kg b.wt exhibited significant chemoprotective activity. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the bone marrow chromosomal aberration assay and mitotic index, respectively. WSDPE and BPE, alone did not significantly induce chromosomal aberrations confirming their non-mutagenic effects. While, the animals in groups five and six [G5 and G6], that were injected i.p. with CDDP alone for one week and then for the next 14 days these animals were given WSDPE and BPE in synergistic with i.p. injection of CDDP, exhibited a significant decrease in cytogenetic damages induced by CDDP in bone marrow cells. The anti-cytotoxicity effects of WSDPE and BPE were also evident, as observed by significant increase in mitotic index, when compared to positive control group [G2]. Thus, results of the present investigation revealed that WSDP and BPE have chemoprotective potential against CDDP induced genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of male albino mice. Also, the present investigation indicated that the chemoprotective frequency of BPE was much greater than WSDPE

Role of body mass index [BMI] in the development of hypertension in adult population of district swat

Obesity [body mass index, height and weight] can contribute to the development of hypertension in the adult population. This study compares the body mass index, weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in normotensive persons with obese normotensive and obese hypertensive indivisuals. The hypertensive and obese normotensive subjects were taken from medical Out Patient Department [OPD] of Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, whereas the normotensive subjects were selected from the friends and staff members of Saidu Medical College [SMC], Swat. The study comprised of 100 subjects, 34 normotensive [controls], 33 obese normotensive and 33 obese hypertensive between 40-70 years of age. Body mass index, weight, height, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were compared amongst the three groups. Body mass index, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly elevated in hypertensive than normotensive subjects whereas the body mass index and weight were significantly elevated in obese normotensives than normotensive subjects [control]. The onset of cardiovascular complication like hypertension was seen earlier in obese subjects

Enterocutaneous fistula causes and management

To study the main causes of fistula, and to determine the factors related to a successful treatment. From November 2002 to October 2005, a total of 70 consecutive patients with enterocutaneous fistula in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, were studied prospectively. Fifty-two patients received total parenteral nutrition. Internal gastrointestinal fistula, and pure pancreatic and biliary fistula were excluded from this study. In 68 patients, the fistula developed postoperatively, the most common primary cause was missile injury [42%], and 2 patients have fistula that developed spontaneously. The fistula was healed by conservative treatment in 34 patients, and by surgical intervention in 10. Twenty-five patients died, and in one patient the fistula failed to heal by conservative as well as by surgical treatment. The mean duration of hospital stay for all patients was 25.9 days. The most common cause of enterocutaneous fistula found in this study was missile injury. Duodenal fistula and, to a lesser extent, ileal fistula, respond more to conservative treatment. High output and jejunal fistula were associated with poorer outcome. Octreotide administration did not significantly improve the output of the fistula or the outcomes

Pancreatic fistula following surgery of primary pancreatic hydatid cyst causing pancreatitis

Primary pancreatic hydatid cyst is rarely encountered and difficult to differentiate from pancreatic cystic neoplasm. Of this case report is to discus the mode of presentation and best management of this condition. A twenty-eight years old male, presented with recurrent upper abdominal pain of three years duration. The pain was radiating to the back and associated with vomiting and low-grade fever. The ultrasound as well as CT scan with oral and I.V. contrast revealed that there was a solid-cystic mass in the tail of the pancreas suggesting of pancreatic cystic tumors. Laparotomy revealed pancreatic hydatid cyst, which was communicating with pancreatic duct. The patient treated by endocystectomy, which was complicated by pancreatic fistula. Pancreatic hydatid cyst should be kept in mind in any cystic lesion of pancreas. This disease could be treated by endocystectomy or partial pancreatectomy