Use of Arsenic contaminated sludge in making ornamental bricks

Arsenic contaminated sludge can be found from the treatment of arsenic contaminated ground water. Lake of management and reuse of this sludge can create further environmental problem as there is probability of mixing with soil and water. In this paper, an effort is taken for the use of such waste. Here, effectiveness of using this sludge in making ornamental brick has been analyzed and justified. The detailed study was made upon the suitability of sludge in making bricks. Results of different tests indicate that sludge proportion is the key factor for determining the quality of ornamental bricks/tiles. The compressive strength of ornamental bricks decreases with increase of sludge proportion. This study showed that arsenic contaminated sludge could be used safely up to 4% for making ornamental bricks. Because after that limit the quality of bricks or tiles fall markedly

[Prevalence of CHD in imperforated anus in patients referring to Booali Cina hospital from 1996 to 2003. [Is echocardiography required prior to surgery?]]

Imperforated anus is a disease that requires surgery in the first days of life therefore, association with other diseases or anomalies is of great importance. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease [CHD] in patients with imperforated anus. This is a descriptive study on patients with imperforated anus referring to Booali hospital of Sari, IRAN from 1996 to 2003. Previous patients medical records was reviewed and physical examination and concurrently echocardiography were done for new patients. The data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS software. Ninty patients with imperforated anus were entered into the survey. Echocardiography revealed that 26 patients including 14 Female [57.2%] and 12 Male [42.8%] had CHD. 22 of CHD patients [84.6%] had imperforated anus[IA] of high type and 4 [15.3%] had IA of low type. CHD types consisted of : 7 patients [26.9%] ASD+PDA, 6 patients [23%] ASD+PDA+TR, 4 patients [15.3%] PDA, 4 patients [15.3%] MR, 1 patient [3.8%] TF, 2patients [7.6%] VSD and 2 patients [7.6%] ASD. Considering the high prevalence of CHD in IA, it seems that echocardiography is necessary in all those with IA particularly to predict outcome of surgery and prevent probable complications

[ 6-month old girl with chylous ascites and neuroblastoma]

A 6 years old girl was reffered to Booali Cina hospital, Sari, Iran for abdominal distention. Physical examination showed ascites.The fluid was milky in color.Biochemical test showed cylous ascites. The patient was treated with albomin-Vitamins-YPN. Ascites decreased, but second ultrasonography and abdominal CT showed a solid mass. Laparatomy was done and there was a big mass in paravertebral area, biopsy comfirmed the diagnosis of neuroblastoma

Glomerulonephritis presented as acute severe renal failure [ASRF]

To investigate the aetiology, clinical features, histological diagnosis and response to treatment of patients with glomeulonephritis presenting as acute renal failure [ARF] or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis [RPGN]. Of the 66 patients with ARF, admitted in the Nephrology department of BSMMU, Dhaka in the period January 1998 to June 1999, 19 presented clinically as RPGN. They were evaluated for histological diagnosis and clinical outcome. There were 11 males and 8 females with a mean age of 31 +/- 4.62 years. The mean arterial B.P. was 103 +/- 6.8 mmHg, urinary total protein 2.7 +/- 1.9 gm/24 hours, urinary RBC 12 +/- 3.8 per high power field. Mean blood urea was 118.9 +/- 11.76 mg% and S.creatinine 7.78 +/- 4.3 mg%. Immunohistological findings revealed crescentic GN in 8 [42.11%], glomerulonephritis without crescent 11[57.89%] and granular deposition of the immunoglobulin and complement in 11 [73.33%] cases. Patients were treated with methyiprednlsolone for 3 days followed by oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide as per schedule protocol along with acute haemodialysis through temporary venous catheter. Nine [47.37%] patients died, 6 [31.57%] improved and 4 [21.10%] developed CRF. The study showed that among the patients with ARF, 28% presented with RPGN. The prognosis was uniformly had, although 1/3rd improved with appropriate and early treatment