ABSTRACT
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections. Because of increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance, treatment of staphylococcal infections has been made difficult. Therefore, continuous evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial resistance pattern is of great importance. In this descriptive study, we evaluated 131 positive cultures of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood, abscess, urine and other body fluids in various wards of the pediatric hospital. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion test. Demographic data and the history of antibiotic therapy analyzed with t-test and qui-square test using SPSS version11.5. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics was as follow: vancomycin [98.4%], ceftriaxon [61.5%], amikacin [58.3%] ceftizoxim [52.8%], erythromycin [50%], cephalexin [48.3%] and Amoxicillin [2.6%]. Forty eight percent of all cases were due to nosocomial infections. The relation between nosocomial infections and the antibiotic resistance was statistically significant. Increased rate of resistance to cephalexin, erythromicin and amikacin in this study may be due to the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or the overuse of these antibiotics. Isolation of two cases of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus emphasizes on the appropriate use of this antibiotic. Evaluation of vancomycin resistance Staphylococcus aureus by the other standard methods is recommended
ABSTRACT
Recently infections caused by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci have increased and is one of the commonest cause of nosocomial infections. These infections are more common in patient with shunt or catheterization, immune deficiency and neonates. The purpose of present study was to investigate the blood cultures and antibiogram of infections caused by coagulase negative staphylococci in patients admitted in Pediatric Hospital. During 2 years we studied 270 samples of positive blood culture of coagulase negative staphylococci in patients clinically suspicious of septicemia in Pediatric Hospital laboratory of Tabriz regarding the sepsis and antibiogram. 54.4% of patients were male and 45.6% were female. Mean value for age was 28 +/- 10 month [minimum one day old and maximum 10 years old]. 213 from 270 samples had real septicemia and 57 [21.1%] were contamination. In 7 cases [2.6%], there was resistance to vancomycin. Special attention to clinical, paraclinical and repeated blood cultures are important in diagnosis of septicemia caused by coagulase negative staphylococci. Vancomycin is drug of choice for coagulase negative staphylococci septicemia