[Comparative efficacy of 2% hydroquinone and melfade in treatment of melasma]

Melasma is an acquired hypermelanosis disease and can cause superficial problems in women if left untreated. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of 2% hydroquinone and Melfade in the treatment of Melasma. This is a randomized clinical trial study conducted at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2008. Sixty two women with Melasma disease were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. Two percent hydroquinone was prescribed for the first group [n=31] and Melfade for the second group. After 12 weeks of daily drug consumption by the patients, they were examined by a dermatologist for assessment of recovery. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software. Response to treatment with hydroquinone and Melfadewas the same and no significant differences were found between the two groups. [P>0.05] Results of this study demonstrated that topical Melfade is as effective as 2% hydrquinone in treatment of Melasma, Therefore it can be considered as an alternative drug in the treatment of Melasma

[ comparative clinical trial of topical triamcinolone [Adcortyle] and a herbal solution for the treatment of minor aphthous stomatitis]

Aphthous stomamtitis is characterized by single or multiple painful recurrent lesions in oral mucosa. Lesions can relapse in some patients for several years. Therefore treatment of such cases seems necessary. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect of topical Myrtus communis [myrtle] solution with topical triamcinolone [Adcortyle] in the treatment of minor apotheosis. This clinical-trial study was conducted at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2009. 100 patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The 1[st] group received topical myrtle solution. The 2[nd] group received topical trimcinolone [Adcortyle]. After one week patients' declaration about time of the recovery of the pain and deterioration of oral lesion was recorded. The gathered data was then analyzed using the SPSS statistical software using t-test and chi-square. After treatment, both groups showed response to topical medications with no significant difference between them [p>0.05]. results of this study showed that topical myrtle solution is effective in the treatment of minor aphthous stomatitis and its therapeutic effect is comparable with topical triamcinolone [Adcortyle]

Opioid requirement after elective leg surgery [ORIF] under general anesthesia, for smoker and non smoker men

Postoperative pain relief is one of the most important therapeutic aims, especially in orthopedic patients. This study was designed to compare the analgesic requirement in smoker and non smoker men after ORIF surgery under general Anesthesia. This was a "cohort study". 116 patients with fractures of both tibia and fibula, were placed in 2 equal groups, G.A was performed with halothan 0.8% and fentanyl and atracurium under mechanical ventilation. 4, 8 and 24 hours after the surgery, post operative pain was evaluated by means of VAS in recovery room. Collected data were recorded in designed questionnaires and injected doses of the opioid drug [pethidine 1 mg/kg] was extract from the patient's sheets. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS. Mann Whitney and T-tests were used for comparison of pain sensation in smokers and non smokers and analyzing quantitative data respectively. In summary, pain sensation and opioid requirement were more in smokers than nonsmokers, and with respective p values of 0.033 and 0.003, significant differences were detected in both aspects. The results of this study revealed that smokers felt more pain, and needed more opioid for pain relief. Therefore smoker men need more pain control