ABSTRACT
The main objective of the current study is to investigate the impacts of environmental evolutions at global scale on Iran's environmental planning. Thereby, all political movements towards solving environmental issues in Iran were accurately reviewed to find out the impressibility of the events by the global environmental evolutions. The findings indicated that Iran has joined the conventions and protocols with a time lag. During the period 1948-1993, the mean time lag between holding an international convention until its approval in Iran was eleven years while from 1994 to 2007, the average lag time was shortened to four years. As the results show, attention to environmental issues was improved from one note on First Development Plan of the country [1989-1993], to three notes on the Second Development Plan [1995-1999], and one complete chapter on the Third Development Plan [2000-2005]. Moreover, one of the six chapters of the Fourth Development Plan [2005-2009] [about 20 percent of the whole program] was dedicated to the environmental issues. In the Fifth Development Plan [2011-2015], sixteen topics have been raised at Environment Chapter and thirteen legal articles have been proposed in other chapters with a focus on environmental issues. It can be concluded that there has always been a direct link between international treaties and major political decisions in Iran
Subject(s)
Environment , ConvectionABSTRACT
In this study analytical hierarchy process approach which uses expert's knowledge, was applied for selection of the best wastewater treatment alternative for electroplating workshops, located in Tehran province, Iran. This method can be applied for complicated multi-criteria decision making to obtain scientific and reasonable results. Four wastewater treatment alternatives including reverse osmosis, nano filtration, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation were evaluated and ranked based on economical, technical, environmental/ social aspects. Each criterion includes different indices such as land area, capital cost, sludge disposal issues, operating and maintenance, local suppliers and warranty, system flexibility, required skilled and non skilled man power safety, and etc. The results showed that reverse osmosis achieved the maximum general profits and can be the best choice. Sensitivity analysis can shows the effect of inputs parameters change on the results. Sensitivity analysis was applied for each criterion. The results illustrated that for economic and technical criterion, chemical precipitation and for environment criterion, reverse osmosis were qualified