ABSTRACT
Introduction: However pregnancy is Seems a Pleasure time of women`s life, but the physiologic changes during this time has caused high levels of stress in the mothers. Since optimism is one of the most important personality factors in choosing coping strategies to overcome the challenges created by pregnancy, thus the present study was performed to investigate the relationship between optimism and prenatal coping strategies
Methods: This correlational-descriptive study was carried out in 500 pregnant women referring to health centers of Mashhad in 2014 were selected based on random sampling method. Instruments include: Life orientation test- Revised scale and the Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using descriptive statistics, spearman correlation and regression at the significant level of p<0.05
Results: In the current study, there was a significant direct correlation Between optimism and Planning-Preparation Coping [p<0.001, r=0.74], and Spiritual-Positive Coping [p<0.001, r=0.73]. A significant Reverse correlation Between optimism and Avoidance Coping [p<0.001, r=-0.76]
Conclusions: optimism was a positive correlation with Planning-Preparation Coping and Spiritual-Positive and negative correlation with Avoidance Coping
ABSTRACT
Nursing is in the ideal position to meet the numerous challenges facing the health system. But in the health system of Iran, the status of nursing profession is not well explained and, little research has been done in this area. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the role of nursing in health service delivery system in the country was conducted. In order to find studies and resources related to nursing in the health service delivery system, digital databases in the National Library of Medicine of Iran [Elsevier, Nursing index, Nursing consult, Proquest, Scopus, ...] and Google scholar and Persian databases including Irandoc, Iran Medex, Magiran, SID and Medlib was used. Search articles from 1970 to 2012 in English and Persian papers from 1370 to 1390. Using the key words health care system, nursing position and Iran separately and in combination was conducted. The results showed that the nursing profession in Iran does not have a significant importance. More nurses in hospitals, provided nursing care to patients in the secondary level of prevention. And their activities in other areas and other prevention levels in community settings, is very limited. Lack of knowledge about the abilities of nursing has caused low presence in community nursing centers. In Iran, like other developed countries the change in the health care system is necessary and followed by nursing positions will also change. Therefore, managers' effort to enhance and clarify the role of nursing in the health care system in Iran and, prepare nursing profession for servicing in the community seems to be necessary. Nursing system to meet the health needs of people and provide community service in various environments community such as schools, industries, health centers, etc., is suggested, nursing education programs should be reviewed
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Nursing/standards , Education, Nursing/standardsABSTRACT
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that occurs as a consequence of decrease in insulin secretion or resistance to insulin. Most diabetes related treatments have problems with adverse reactions. Natural therapeutics have been in use from long time ago up to present time. Ginseng is a traditional drug used for treatment of many dieses particularly diabetes. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of oral Ginseng on the serum glucose and other biochemical parameters such as lipid profile. In this study 30 male rats with a body weight of 250 +/- 25 gr and age of 4-6 months was used. Each animal was housed under controlled temperature [21 +/- 2 C] and standard conditions with free access to food and water. Blood test was carried out to measure glucoses and other biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, TG, ALT, AST and BUN. Animals were equally divided into three groups; 1-control group, 2-the STZ-induced-diabetes [60 mg/kg] group, 3-the STZ-induced-diabetes [60 mg/kg] and150 mg/kg oral ginseng. The study was lasted for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken and tested for glucoses and other parameters. The average blood sugar in the control group was 131.1 +/- 7.9 mg/dl, but it was higher than 550mg/dl in streptozocine-received group. In group 3, which received ginseng, blood sugar decreased up to 50%. Cholestrol decreased up to 40% in the treatment group. Among the measured parameters HDL showed a 50%decrease in treatment group in comparison with diabetic group. AST and ALT values between the control and treatment groups did not show a significant difference. BUN values decreased from 71.6 +/- 6.6 in diabetic group to 50.1 +/- 5.7 mg dl in the treatment group. The results of this study revealed that ginseng can be considered as a substance which decreases blood glucoses, reduces diabetes adverse reactions, and consequently diminishing blood lipids in animal model. However, to apply these results to human, further studies are needed to be carried out
ABSTRACT
Menstruation in young girls is a phenomen to detect real puberty and is important in adolescents as a natural right. This research has been done to determine the menstruation health situation of high school girls in Zabol -2004. This descriptive study was done on 331 high school girls of Zabol which were selected as cluster - random samples. Data collection was done through pre- test questionnaire and were analyzed considering the characteristics of variables and research objects .Validity and Reliability of questionnaire determined by content validity and test- retest. The statistical methods used are T - test and variance analysis. Results indicated that, the menarch age was 13.4 +/- 1.1 years. 6.3% of samples had permanent, and 9.6% had often PMS signs. The majority of samples [70.1%] had low menstruation health level. Most of them [54.4%] have been received their information from their mothers. Also there was a significant relation between menstruation health level and parents education level, but there were no relation between other factors and menstruation health level. Unfortuantely adolescent girls don't receive correct menstruation health informations that causes incorrect and unhealthy behavior during menstrual period. This determines the necessity of educating female students about the menstrual period and health precautionary measures including appropriate nutrition, exercise and physical activity, personal hygiene, etc