ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are important STDs which can be transmissible to the recipients of blood transfusion. The aim of the present study is to study the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infection in the blood among voluntary and replacement donors in HIMS Hassan during 2010 to 2012.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at blood bank of HIMS, Hassan for the years 2010 to 2012. The donors with Hemoglobin>12gm% for both sexes, weight >50 kg, no history of chronic illness, hepatitis, high risk behaviours were included in the study. All the blood samples collected were screened for HIV, HBV and HCV using ELISA kits. All the blood samples were sent to NACO (national AIDS control organization) and subjected to NAT (nucleic acid test) for detection of antigens. Results compared for both voluntary and replacement donors.Results: Total of 10938 blood donors screened. Majority of the donors were males 95.8% (10484) and belonged to voluntary group 72.8% (7971). The total prevalence of STDS were 0.61% (67). The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV was 0.47% (51), 0.04% (4) and 0.11% (12) respectively. Prevalence of STDs was higher among voluntary donors 0.57% (62) compared to replacement donors 0.05 % (5). Statistically significant difference was observed in HBV prevalence in voluntary and replacement donors.Conclusions: Most common STDs in blood donors was HBV followed by HIV and HCV. STDs were mainly seen in voluntary donors compared to replacement donors. Majority of the donors were males.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular risk factors for ACS are on the rise in people of Indian origin and ACS is now the leading cause of death. More recent evidence suggests that bilirubin is a potent physiological antioxidant that may provide important protection against atherosclerosis and inflammation. Substantial evidence has documented that the development of CAD involves lipid oxidation and formation of oxygen radicals as atherosclerosis and inflammation are associated with formation of oxygen and peroxyl radicals. Keep of these points in mind, the present study was undertaken to find relation between Serum Bilirubin and Acute Coronary Syndrome.Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at A.J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru from October 2016 to April 2017. A detailed history, general physical examination, systemic examination and investigations was performed on all patients who fulfill the inclusion criterion and age >18yrs, both sexes who are admitted in CCU.Results: Hypertension had statistically significant correlation with ACS. All risk factors were more associated with STEMI compared to unstable angina or NSTEMI. On Correlation of LDL and Total leucocyte count with bilirubin both were statistically significant when compared to bilirubin levels.Conclusions: The study showed an inverse correlation of bilirubin with ACS, which in shows fact that bilirubin acts as an antioxidant and has cardioprotective action and patients with ACS have lower levels of bilirubin. This can use as a factor for screening individuals who have high risk for ACS and preventive strategies applied in them before the onset of overt ACS.
ABSTRACT
Mural endocardial lesions can be seen as MacCallum plaques in rheumatic heart disease. These plaques appear as map-like areas of thickened, roughened, and wrinkled part of the endocardium in the left atrium. Perhaps they are caused by regurgitant jets of blood flow, due to incompetence of the mitral valve. Although MacCallum plaques are one of the characteristic features in rheumatic heart disease, they are very uncommon in recent times. We hereby report a case of an adolescent female with RHD, who was working as a housemaid in a doctor's house for a few months, and suddenly developed respiratory tract infection and cardiac failure. She died on the fourth day of admission. A medicolegal autopsy was conducted, as her relatives accused her master of sexual assault. On autopsy it was seen that the mitral valves were narrowed, showing multiple vegetations. MacCallum plaque was seen in the dilated left atrium. Hence, it is presented here for educative purposes