[Efficacy of eight weeks of exercise therapy for neck pain among general dentists practicing in Tehran]

The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints is high among dentists; however, only a few studies have focused on this topic. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an exercise program for treatment of neck pain in dentists practicing in Tehran.A questionnaire was administered among 46 dentists in Tehran matched by age, gender [all males] and neck pain complaints in the past six months. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received exercise therapy while the second group was given no exercise. Pain was measured at two months after the intervention using the visual analog scale [VAS]. Data were analyzed using t-test and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.The t-test showed significant improvement of neck pain in the first group after the intervention [p<0.05]. The results showed that exercise therapy can be effective for treatment of neck pain. Therefore, regular exercise by dentists can prevent neck pain and other musculoskeletal disorders

Effect of different levels of egg yolk on ram sperm coating and preserving at 5°C

Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of egg yolk for coating and storing spermatozoa. Ejaculates were collected from four rams. In each session, second ejaculates [n=4] were collected in a tube containing 1 mL coating buffers which were prepared by 10, 15 or 20% egg yolk plus Tris-fructose. Samples were pooled, centrifuged and the supernatant removed in the laboratory. The pellets were diluted with Tris-fructose containing egg yolk which was equal to its concentration in coating. To perform four replicates for each sample, diluted sample was split into four parts then each part was split into two fractions. One of them [cold-shock] was suddenly put on ice water and the other was chilled at 0.25°C/min until 5°C. Aliquots were kept at 5°C for 36 h and sperm motility, viability and functional membrane integrity were determined at 0, 12, 24 and 36 h. The results showed that functional membrane integrity was highest in 20% yolk egg under gradual cooling at 0, 24 and 36 h [85.7, 75.9 and 71.7%, respectively; P<0.05]. In the presence of 20% egg yolk, sperm viability was highest under cold-shock [74.8%] and gradual cooling [78.5%] and sperm motility was lower in cold-shock than gradual cooling at all storage times [76.9, 60.7, 36.2 and 27.7% vs. 85.4, 73.1, 54.6 and 40.8%, respectively; P<0.05]. Therefore, 20% egg yolk can improve coated sperm longevity in normal gradual cooling; but it does not prevent the destructive effect of cold-shock from taking place

[ relationship of kinematics of trunk and knee in sagittal plane with anterior tibia shear force during single leg landing]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of kinematics of trunk and knee in sagittal plane with single leg landing and peak anterior tibia shear force [ATSF]. Peak ATSF was calculated during single leg landing in 22 healthy female athletes. Trunk and knee kinematics including trunk flexion, knee flexion were recorded with motion analysis system. Then, we assessed the correlation of trunk and knee kinematics with anterior peak ATSF. Trunk flexion [r=-0.757, P<0.05] and knee flexion [r=-0.465, P<0.05] angles at initial contact had significant correlation with peak ATSF. The directions of correlations indicated that lesser degree of knee and trunk flexion resulted in larger peak ATSF values during a single leg landing. Therefore, training programs should underline the effect of increased flexion at these joints in order to decrease ACL injuries. This data provides important evidence for clinicians investigating the risk factors of ACL injuries in order to outline training programs with the aim of decreasing the incidence of ATSF injury

[ effect of family-centered empowerment model on quality of life school age children with asthma]

Introduction: Asthma is a common chronic illness in children that effects patients' and their families' quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered Empowerment Model on quality of life of school aged children with asthma

Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research on 172 children between 6 and12 years old, whom were referred to asthma clinic in Kerman Afzalipoor Hospital. For this purpose, in control and experimental group were selected based on convenience sampling. Data was gathered using [Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire] and was approved with content validity and reliability [?lpha=0.80]. The model has four stages [increase knowledge, self-empowerment, self-steam and evaluation] and was used in discussions, demonstrations and cooperative leanings with experimental group. The participants completed questionnaire before and after intervention. For data analysis SPSS/16 was used

Findings: Results showed that before intervention there was not any significant difference between two groups in quality of life scores. However, after intervention, quality of life scores in experimental and between two groups was different [p<0.05]

Conclusion: Findings showed that the designed model has improved quality of life in children [symptoms, activity limitation, and emotional function]. Hence, usage of this model is also suggested for other chronic illness

[Neuromuscular and biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury in female athletes]

Although intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] injury have been investigated extensively, the neuromuscular and the biomechanical risk factors associated with this injury in female athletes are not yet well understood. This systematic review summarizes all the relevant biomechanical and neuromuscular risk factors associated with ACL injury. We used electronic databases of PubMed MEDLINE [1966- 2012], SCIENSEDIRECT [1982 - 2012] and Sport Discus [1985- 2012] for literature searching to identify the studies on ACL injury risk factors. We found a total of 152 articles. 52 of these studies had focused on neuromuscular and biomechanical risk factors. Investigation of the articles showed four neuromuscular imbalances: ligament dominance, quadriceps dominance, leg dominance, and trunk dominance. Existing evidence suggests that these four neuromuscular imbalances may be associated with the underlying ACL injury mechanisms. Also, review of the studies indicated that ACL injuries are more likely to occur during multi-planar rather than single-planar mechanisms of injury. Screening and detection of these imbalances are important in order to identify athletes at risk of ACL injury. Identification of faulty movement patterns would allow for implementation of specific interventions, targeted at prevention of these problems

[Electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus muscles during squat with isometric hip adduction in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome and healthy athletes]

Patellofemoral is a pain syndrome, common among athletes and the theraputic regiment based on the improvement of muscle involved in this disorder. This study was done to compare electromyography activity of the vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus during squat with isometric hip adduction in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome and healthy athletes. This case-control study was carried out on 16 national team male athletes [volleyball, handball and taekwondo] aged 30-18 years with patellofemoral pain syndrome and 16 healthy male athletes. Subjects were matched based on weight, height, age, dominant of lower extremity and voluntarily participated. Electromyography activity of vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus muscles recorded by surface electrodes at 15, 30 and 45 knee flexion degrees. Paired t test was used to compare electromyography activities in each group and One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used to compare each muscle in different angles. There was significant differences in the activity of vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus muscles in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome at 45 knee flexion degree [P<0.05]. There were no significant differences between the muscle activities in healthy athletes at none of the knee flexion degrees. There were significant differences in the activity of vastus medialis obliques [P<0.05] and vastus lateralis longus [P<0.05] muscles at 45 degrees in comparison with muscle activities in each group in knee flexion degrees. Electromyography activity of the vastus medialis obliques in healthy athletes during squat with isometric hip adduction at 45 knee flextion is greater than other degrees and in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome is greater than healthy athletes

[ effect of massage therapy by a nurse and the patient's companion on the anxiety of male patients hospitalized in CCU: a clinical trial]

Anxiety can change the heart rate and also increase the myocardial oxygen demand and the risk of mortality in patients with heart diseases. This study aims to examine the effects of massage therapy by a nurse or the patient's companion on anxiety of the male patients admitted in coronary care unit. An RCT was conducted on three randomly allocated groups [massage by a nurse, massage by a patient's companion, and control group] of male patients admitted to coronary care units of Kashan's Shahid Beheshti hospital [n=30]. In the intervention groups, total body massage was done for 60 minutes. The third group [control] did not receive any intervention. Data was collected using Spillberger anxiety inventory and was analyzed by SPSS-PC [v.11.5], using independent t-test, paired t test, One-way ANOVA, Tukey test, Chi-square, and Fisher exact test. The mean scores for the Stat and Trait anxiety of the two intervention groups were significantly decreased after the massage therapy sessions [p<0.001]. However, no significant differences were found between the mean scores of stat or trait anxiety of the groups who received massage by a nurse or by the patients' companion [P.0.05]. However, significant differences were found between the mean scores of stat or trait anxiety of the two intervention groups and the control group [P<0.05]. Considering the effect of massage therapy on decreasing the level of anxiety and finding no difference between the effect of massage by nurses and patients' companions, massage therapy by the patients' companions can be used as an anxiolytic method in CCU patients

Evaluation of auditory brainstem responses [ABR] in healthy term infants with elevated bilirubin levels requiring exchange transfusion

Hyperbilirubinemia is a common neonatal abnormality. Severe hyperbilirubinemia is a risk factor for auditory system injury. Auditory brainstem responses [ABR] are important in early diagnosis of hearing impairments in healthy term infants with elevated bilirubin levels requiring exchange transfusion. During a two- year- period [2007 - 2009], in a prospective descriptive analytical study, in Tehran Milad Hospital, 64 [32 female, 32 male], healthy term [> 37 weeks] infants, who required treatment or were treated with phototherapy or received exchange transfusion for elevated bilirubin levels or jaundice, were studied. After obtaining a written consent from their parents, the infants were tested with auditory brain responses and results were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. No significant correlation was found between ABR and age, weight, bilirubin level or ABO blood group. Nineteen out of 64 infants received exchange transfusion. Three out of 19 infants [16%] exhibited abnormal ABR and 16 infants [84%] had normal ABR. There was no significant correlation between exchange transfusions and ABR [P>0.05]. The results pointed out that 14% of the infants with elevated bilirubin who required exchange transfusion had abnormal ABR. This indicates that elevated bilirubin levels even without inducing kernicterus should be considered as risk factors for hearing impairments. Further studies are needed on how long these tests may remain abnormal

[ study of impact of group mindfulness based cognitive therapy on depression reduction and increase of marital satisfaction in married women]

Depression is one of the most common mental health problems and one fifth of people experience depression in some levels of their life. Depression is a state which influences mood and reduces activities and can affect thoughts, behavior, feelings and physical problems. This study aims to investigate the influence of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy [MBCT] on reducing depression and increasing marital satisfaction in married women referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz, southern Iran. The subjects were selected based on sampling method by the researcher's recall. Then, all the women who responded to the recalls achieved short-form of Beck's Depression inventory and short-form Questionnaire of Marital Satisfaction. In addition, clinical diagnostic interview based on DSM-IV-TR was used to evaluate their Marital Satisfaction and Depression. In the next phase, test and control groups were randomly placed in a cut off two instruments and clinical interview of 28 pat ients. Experimental groups were treated in 7 sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. At the end of intervention, both were re-evaluated [post-test]. And after a month, the same instruments were applied [follow-up]. The results of multivariate analysis of variance [MANOVA] showed that the ratio of pre-test and post-test differences in the rates of depression related to the test and control groups was equal to [80/63], F ratio obtained between the two groups GD related test and followed the equal rates of depression [F=2/12] analysis of variance and differences related to pretest scores and marital satisfaction in the test groups and control test was F=109/44 and analysis of variance related to differences step after step follow-up test related to marital satisfaction test and control groups was equal to [F=0/960]. Analysis revealed that this type of treatment resulted in decreasing levels of depression and is stable over time. It also led to increased levels of marital satisfaction scores in the experimental group, but in stage after stage of the follow-up test, there was no significant difference in the experimental group's marital satisfaction. This can be attributed to the gender limitation of the study, while the components of marital satisfaction are multidimensional and can influence the spouse's stability and change

[Evaluation of auditory brainstem responses [ABR] in healthy term infants with elevated bilirubin levels requiring exchange transfusion]

Hyperbilirubinemia is a common neonatal abnormality. Severe hyperbilirubinemia is a risk factor for auditory system injury. Auditory brainstem responses [ABR] are important in early diagnosis of hearing impairments in healthy term infants with elevated bilirubin levels requiring exchange transfusion. During a two-year-period [2007-2009], in a prospective descriptive analytical study, in Tehran Milad Hospital, 64 [32 female, 32 male], healthy term [>37 weeks] infants, who required treatment or were treated with phototherapy or received exchange transfusion for elevated bilirubin levels or jaundice, were studied. After obtaining a written consent from their parents, the infants were tested with auditory brain responses and results were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. No significant correlation was found between ABR and age, weight, bilirubin level or ABO blood group. Nineteen out of 64 infants received exchange transfusion. Three out of 19 infants [16%] exhibited abnormal ABR and 16 infants [84%] had normal ABR. There was no significant correlation between exchange transfusions and ABR [P>0.05]. The results pointed out that 14% of the infants with elevated bilirubin who required exchange transfusion had abnormal ABR. This indicates that elevated bilirubin levels even without inducing kernicterus should be considered as risk factors for hearing impairments. Further studies are needed on how long these tests may remain abnormal

[Investigating the relationship between the degree of kyphosis and psychological factors in male students of Tehran University]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of kyphosis and psychological factors in male students of Tehran University. This study was a descriptive research and was run using correlation method. Fifty four male students, whose degree of kyphosis were more than 40°, voluntarily participated in the present study. The degree of kyphosis was measured by using spinalmouse between T1 to T12 thoracic vertebral and modified MMPI questionnaire [alpha=0.82]. Furthermore, Beck's depression questionnaire [alpha=0.85] and Spielberger's anxiety inventory state [alpha=0.87] were used to assess hypochondriasis, depression and anxiety respectively. The analysis of data by Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was no significant relationship between the degree of kyphosis and hypochandria [r= 0.51; P= 0.12], depression [r= 0.56; P= 0.56] and anxiety [r=-0.36; P= 0.30]. The result of this study shows that the existing kyphosis in male students by itself may not indicate anxiety, depression, and hypochandria in them

Validating of the Padua obsessive-compulsion inventory in freshman students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

The Purpose of the present research was to validating the Padua Inventory for obsessive-compulsion in freshman students of Shahid Chamran university - Ahvaz. In this research 297 students were randomly selected from the freshman students of 1384-85 semesters, the participants completed the Padua Obsessive- Compulsion Inventory. Factor analysis by principle components analysis [Varimax Rotation] indicated four factors [mental control-doubt, fear of impulses, checking, and contamination] that account for 43.37% of the variance. Data were indicative of high level of Coranbach,s Alph and Split-half reliability coefficients of the Padua and extracted factors. Convergent validity coefficients POCI with Death Obsession Scale were significant. There were no significant differences between male and female [except for the second factor] and age groups with respect to obsession-compulsive degree. Results of factor analysis is consistent with prior findings. POCI can be used in research and clinical settings and in screening the normals among obsessional population

[Assessment of hydro-alcholic extract of Achillea. Millefolium on anxiety-like behaviors in mice]

Anxiety is one of the most common psychotic disorders. Since available antianxiety therapies have many side effects, searching for new drugs with lower side effects is necessary. Achillea. Millefolium is one of the medical plants that have many beneficial effects and it seems that it has some anti-anxiety effects as well. In the current study, the probable influence of hydro-alcholic extract of A. Millefolium on anxiety-like behaviors was investigated in a mice model. Sixty male albino mice [25-30gr] were used in the study. Animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups and two control groups. The treatment groups were received different doses of A. Millefolium extract [50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg] by the route of intraperitoneal. One of the control groups was given the vehicle of A. Millefolium extract, while another one; sham control, received only a blank injection. Twenty-five min following injection of the A. Millefolium extract, the animals have left inside a black wall box for increasing motion activity for 5 min. Then the animals were transferred to a plus maze for the evaluation of anxiety reaction including the number of entries and time spent in the open arms of maze. These anxiety criteria were monitored and recorded for 5 min. The hydroalcohlic extract of A. Millefolium in a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly increased both the time spent in the open arms and the number of entries to the open arms in the test animals compared to the control animals [p<0.05]. The results of present study showed that A. Millefolium extract modulates anxietylike behaviors in mice

[Seasonal affective symptoms in Eghlid, Lamerd, and Arsanjan, three cities of Fars province]

The purpose of the present research was to compare seasonal affective symptoms [depression] between men and women working in govermental offices at Eghlid [cold region], Lamerd [tropical] and Arsanjan [mild], three cities of Fars Province, south of Iran. In this research 360 participants [60 men and 60 women from each city] were randomly selected between the year 2004 and 2005. The selected employees were examined in each season with respect to the seasonal affective symptoms [depression] using Beck Depression Inventory. The results obtained by repeated major analysis of variance revealed that [1]: Male and female employees are different with regard to their seasonal affective symptoms [depression] [2]. The amount of the employee, s seasonal affective symptoms in different seasons of a year differs [3]. Employees of Eghlid, Lamerd, and Arsanjan each showed differences within themselves in each season with regard to seasonal affective symptoms [depression] [4]. Employees of Eghlid, Lamerd, and Arsanjan are different with one another with respect to seasonal affective symptoms [depression]. And, [5] Data showed no differences between employees with different levels of education or different age groups with respect to seasonal affective symptoms [depression] in each season of the year