[Survey of levels of anxiety and depression in parents of children with chronic illness]

Introduction: Parents who have children with chronic disease are susceptible to anxiety and depression. Parental anxiety and depression is associated with decreased sense of responsibility toward care, education and nutrition for their children and also for their mental disorder effect on their children's mental and emotional health. The purpose of this study was to determine parent's anxiety and depression of children with chronic disease in Tehran Mofid pediatric Hospital

Method: The present study is cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2010. 440 parents of hospitalized children with chronic diseases were selected with simple random sampling. Study's tool was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Independent t-test and Pearson correlation tests

Results: The results showed that 49.1% of parents had moderate to severe and 24.5% had mild anxiety. Also 31.8% of samples were with moderate to severe depression and 27.3% with mild depression. Child gender, location, duration of hospitalization of children showed significant association with the level of anxiety and depression [p<0.05], as well as a significant relationship between parent's gender, history of anxiety and parent's age with depression levels was observed [p<0.05]

Conclusion: According to results of this study, it is recommended to screen depression in parents of children with chronic illnesses in hospitals and clinics

[Antibiotic resistance pattern of E.coli isolated from urine culture in 660 army clinical laboratory center in Tehran 2008]

Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of body infection. E.coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infection both sex. For this descriptive study a total 4494 urine samples were examined during one year [2008-2009] in 660 Army Medical Laboratories. The urine cultures and Antibiogram profiles were performed by Kirby- Bauer method according to NCCLS standards. Data analyzed by SPSS software ver. 16. A total of 4494 urine samples were analyzed that out of each 456 samples were showed the significance growth. The most frequently detected gram negative bacterium was E.coli in 257 cases [10.1%]. The most antibiotic resistance rates of E.coli detected from urine culture were to Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazol and Gentamycine with 80%, 37%, 27.7% frequencies respectively. Furthermore, Norofoloxazin and Nitroforantoin had the highest sensitivity 89.6% and 89% respectively. Present findings demonstrated the significance of resistance E.coli that was detected from urine culture to various group of antibiotic drugs caused by the irregular use of antibiotics

Evaluating outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in military personnel referring to the 554 military Zanjan hospital in 2008

Leishmaniasis is one of the important parasitic diseases in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.Iran is one of the endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in worldwide. Staff of the Armed Forces, sometimes, are forced to accommodate in or around cities and villages thus they are at the risk of this disease and they can transfer the disease to other parts of the country. In this study cutaneous Leishmaniasis status has been studied in patients referring to a 554 military Zanjan hospital in 2009. This study is descriptive and cross-sectional. The military personnel with Leishmaniasis returning from the south west of the country [Fakeh] were examined according to questions of a questionnaire. This Study was done on 37 cases of positive cutaneous Leishmaniasis referred to the 554 military Zanjan hospital. Most of the patients had one scar [54.1%]. The wounds were mostly on hand [35.1%] and then foot [24.3%]. 90% of patients did not notice their bites, because the bite may had no symptoms and pain at first. The results of this study shows that prevention and control among the troops is necessary and recommended before the establishment of camps in the endemic areas of leishmaniasis

[ effect of educational program based on health belief model [HBM] on preventive behavior of self-medication in woman with pregnancy in Arak, Iran]

Self-medication is one of the most serious health problems inducing many problems for society and people. This occurs more in women, because this group may be in sensitive periods, for example pregnancy and milking, therefore, birth abnormal neonatal situations may cause many social and familial problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of educational program based on Health Belief Model [HBM] on preventive behavior of selfmedication in woman with pregnancy in Arak, Iran. In this quasi-experimental study two hundred women with pregnancy, and referring to health centers participated. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental and control groups [each group consisting 100 women]. Sampling was done with clustering based on mailing address in the city. Data collection was performed with a questionnaire based on HBM [perceived susceptibility, severity, barrier and benefit, and cues to action and performance checklist about selfmedication was used in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program. Before intervention, data collection for both groups was conducted upon a questionnaire and checklist. Then, intervention was done in 1 month consisting of 4 sessions, each 50 minutes post intervention. 1 and 2 months after intervention, two follow up sessions were held, and 3 months after, data were recollected and analyzed. The average age of case and control groups were 29.2 +/- 4.7 and 27.1 +/- 3.8 years, respectively, and mean time of pregnancy was 7.2. +/- 4.6 weeks. The results indicated that the mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility and performance about selfmedication was lower than average, while severity? barrier and benefit about self medication were in higher than average. The mean score of all HBM elements of experimental group changed significantly after the intervention and in comparison to the control group, and performance of women about selfmedication reduced [p<0/05]. The more the knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity and benefit are higher, the less will be the women performance about self medication. Findings of this research confirmed the effect on health education based on HBM [compared with educational traditional methods in control group health centers] on self medication in women with pregnancy. Therefore, proposed education based on this model is suggested to be performed in other health center for reducing this problem