role of anaerobic bacteria in the dairy cattle mastitis

One hundred and ten milk samples were collected from 35 dairy cows with recurrent mastitis and 75 apparently healthy ones. The field application of California Mastitis Test [CMT] on the apparently healthy cows indicated 60% [45 out of 75 cows] with sub-clinical mastitis. The estimation of SCC recorded 31.8% [35 samples] above Ixl0[6] cell/ml, 40.9% [45 samples] were ranged between 4xl0[5] to Ixl0[5] cell/ml and 27.3% [30 samples] were less than 4xl0[5] cell/ml. The bacteriological examination revealed 10% facultative anaerobic bacteria from normal milk samples, while both facultative and obligatory anaerobic bacteria were 62.2% from sub-clinical and 100% from clinical mastitic milk samples. The highly effective antibiotics on the isolated bacteria in the laboratory were florofenicol, tetradelta, gentamicin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, refampicin and metronidazol

Bacteriological and pathological studies on some aerobic and anaerobic bacteria causing diarrhoea in camel calves

The present study was carried out to investigate the problem of diarrhoea among camel calves, by isolation, identification, histopathological findings and controlling of the associated infective agents [E. coli, Salmonella and C. perfringens]. Faecal, internal organs [spleen, kidneys, liver and part of small intestine] and blood samples were obtained from 120 camel calves [aged 10-18 month] for microbiological examination. The isolated rate of E. coli, Salmonella and C perfringens from diarrhoeic animals were [41.1%], [7.8%] and [65.6%], respectively. The isolated rate from the apparently healthy animals were [13.3%], [0%] and [33.3%], respectively. The serological identification of the isolated E. coli and salmonella strains detailed that [O111/K58 and O55/K59] serovars of E. coli and [S. Entertidis and S. Typhimurium] were the most common causes of diarrhoea in camel calves. The rate of both Beta and Epsilon toxins of C. perfringens was [53.3%] and [23.3%], while individually was [14.4% and 3.3%] and [27.8% and 10%] in diarrhoeic and apparently healthy camel calves, respectively. The microscopical examination revealed degenerative changes with marked necrosis in the hepatic and renal tissues, spleenic depletion and desquamation of the intestinal lining epithelium indicated the toxic effect of C. perfringens type [C and D]. In Salmonella Typhimiurium infection vasculitis and thrombi in blood vessels of the lamina propria and submucosa resulting in focal intestinal infarctions and ulceration, were the most important findings. Caecal glands were dilated and filled with gases and aggregation of inflammatory cells were observed in E. coli infection. The antibiotics used in the treatment of diarrhoea were Augmentin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycine, Ciprofloxacin, Florofenicol, Rifampicin and Metronidazol, according to sensitivity test